Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association最新文献_第4页

Predicting risk of back injuries, work absenteeism, and chronic disability. The shortcomings of preplacement screening. 预测背部受伤、旷工和慢性残疾的风险。安置前筛查的缺点。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00011

J E Cohen, V Goel, J W Frank, E S Gibson

{"title":"Predicting risk of back injuries, work absenteeism, and chronic disability. The shortcomings of preplacement screening.","authors":"J E Cohen, V Goel, J W Frank, E S Gibson","doi":"10.1097/00043764-199410000-00011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00011","url":null,"abstract":"Preplacement screening is put forth by some as an effective method for preventing low back disability at the workplace. Although there are still large gaps in knowledge regarding the natural history of and risk factors for back disability, it is clear that the majority of costs are derived from the small proportion of those that will suffer with back symptoms for 6 months or more. Thus, if preplacement screening is to have an impact on health care spending and compensation costs, the screening test will have to be predictive not so much of all back injuries, but rather of work absenteeism and especially chronic disability. This paper presents some criteria for evaluating a screening program and explores the effect of choosing different outcomes for evaluation. The literature on the effectiveness of a number of preplacement screening techniques is examined. Current legislation related to preplacement screening is also described. The natural history, etiologic factors, and prognostic markers for back injuries need to be elucidated further before effective screening strategies can be developed to reduce the incidence of back injuries and back disability in the population.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1093-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18828599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

IARC Working Group on Carcinogenicity of Beryllium. 国际癌症研究机构铍致癌性工作组。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00004

H Vainio, P Kleihues

引用次数: 3

Backache and work incapacity in Japan. 日本的背痛和丧失工作能力。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00013

N M Hadler

{"title":"Backache and work incapacity in Japan.","authors":"N M Hadler","doi":"10.1097/00043764-199410000-00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00013","url":null,"abstract":"No one is spared a regional backache. Some episodes will compromise function to the extent of work incapacity. Throughout the industrialized world, workers' compensation insurance programs provide recourse for the segment of people whose incapacitating backache is held to have arisen out of and in the course of employment. Most programs have evolved from the Prussian paradigm introduced a century ago. That evolution represents country specific, de facto experiments in health policy. In the case of Japan, the Prussian paradigm was imposed on a very distinctive tradition at the end of World War II. Therein lies one of the more dramatic experiments of health policy. This essay attempts to document the process that resulted. To gain such insight, relevant physicians and bureaucrats in Japan were interviewed and government documents reviewed. This information was supplemented by nonsystematic culling of relevant reflections of scholars also pursuing the heuristic method but with different, usually nonclinical, tempering. It is clear that Japan has evolved an approach to the worker with an incapacitating backache that favors options other than recourse in workers' compensation for redress.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1110-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18828602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Risk factors for injury during basic military training. Is there a social element to injury pathogenesis? 基础军事训练中受伤的危险因素。伤害的发病机制是否有社会因素?

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00015

J Ross, A Woodward

{"title":"Risk factors for injury during basic military training. Is there a social element to injury pathogenesis?","authors":"J Ross, A Woodward","doi":"10.1097/00043764-199410000-00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00015","url":null,"abstract":"A retrospective case-control study into the risk factors for injury during basic military training was conducted at the Recruit Training Unit, Royal Australian Air Force Base Edinburgh, South Australia. Case subjects were recruits suffering a musculoskeletal injury during the course, severe enough to result in backcoursing (being delayed and joining a later course) and usually requiring the loss of 5 days of training. Control subjects were 629 recruits selected randomly from recruits who were not case subjects from the same period of Jan 1, 1985 to Dec 31, 1990. Two hundred thirty-eight cases were identified (2.7% of the recruit population), of which 123 were overuse-type injuries and 115 acute-type injuries. Most injuries occurred in the first 2 weeks of training. Bivariate and logistic regression analysis of possible risk factors for injury was conducted, both for all case subjects and for the subgroup of case subjects with overuse injuries. Statistically significant associations were identified for female gender, body mass index > 26.9, winter training, a history of lower limb injury, and the presence of a lower limb deformity. All these associations were stronger for overuse injury, and preenlistment physical activity was also significantly associated with overuse injury. No significant association was found for height, weight, age, smoking, or gender makeup of courses. Most striking was a large rise in overuse injury incidence in women over the period of study, from 0.2% in 1985 to 8.8% in 1990. Reasons for this increase may include \"social pathogenesis.\"","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1120-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18828604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 63

Relationship between physical activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among law enforcement officers. 执法人员身体活动与心血管疾病危险因素的关系

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00016

W D Franke, D F Anderson

{"title":"Relationship between physical activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease among law enforcement officers.","authors":"W D Franke, D F Anderson","doi":"10.1097/00043764-199410000-00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00016","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation examined the associations between exercise habits, measures of physical fitness, and 10-year cardiovascular disease risk (CVD10, expressed as %) among 470 law enforcement officers of differing ages (range = 21 to 63 y). Only 32% of this group exercised regularly (> or = 3 days/week, > or = 20 min/session, > or = preceding 4 weeks). Only exercising subjects > 48 years old exhibited a significantly (P < .01) lower 10-year risk of a CVD event than their inactive peers (12.2 +/- 5.6 vs 16.3 +/- 6.9%, mean +/- SD). At all ages, the peak oxygen consumption per unit time was higher (50.1 +/- 6.7 vs 44.8 +/- 6.1 mL.kg-1.min-1) in the exercising than in the nonexercising group. Exercising subjects < or = 36 years old were significantly (P < .05) leaner than nonexercisers (16.3 +/- 5.5 vs 19.6 +/- 5.5% body fat, respectively) and had greater muscular endurance (45 +/- 9 vs 40 +/- 9 60-s sit-ups, respectively). These data suggest that exercise reduces CVD risk by modifying major CVD risk factors only in law enforcement officers > 48 years old.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1127-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18828605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Second-order selection bias. 二阶选择偏差。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00002

S Redmond

引用次数: 0

Epidemiologic features of urolithiasis among industrial employees. The Israeli CORDIS Study. 工业职工尿石症的流行病学特征。以色列CORDIS研究。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00014

E Kristal-Boneh, D Goffer, M S Green

{"title":"Epidemiologic features of urolithiasis among industrial employees. The Israeli CORDIS Study.","authors":"E Kristal-Boneh, D Goffer, M S Green","doi":"10.1097/00043764-199410000-00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00014","url":null,"abstract":"We examined the prevalence of urolithiasis in 5574 men and women employees in 21 industrial plants in Israel who were screened for cardiovascular risk factors between 1985 and 1987 (the CORDIS Study). Among the data gathered were previous physician diagnosis of urolithiasis and ergonomic and demographic data. Urolithiasis was much more frequent in men than in women (age-adjusted prevalence of 4.5% in men and 1.2% in women, P < .0001). Older subjects had higher prevalence than young subjects. There were ethnic differences, and the highest prevalence was in subjects of European origin. Of the occupational factors, only industrial sector was related to prevalence of urolithiasis. Urolithiasis was more frequent among employees in wood industries than in other sectors (P < .05). We concluded that there is an effect of industrial sector on the prevalence of urolithiasis. To determine the cause and magnitude of the association of wood industries with increased prevalence of urolithiasis, ergonomic and chemical factors should be investigated.","PeriodicalId":16617,"journal":{"name":"Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association","volume":"36 10","pages":"1115-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1097/00043764-199410000-00014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18828603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Asthma experience in an occupational and environmental medicine clinic. Low-dose reactive airways dysfunction syndrome. 在职业和环境医学诊所有哮喘经验。低剂量反应性气道功能障碍综合征。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00017

H M Kipen, R Blume, D Hutt

引用次数: 76

A review of recent research on health effects of human occupational exposure to organic solvents. A critical review. 人类职业接触有机溶剂对健康影响的最新研究综述。批判性的评论。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00010

E L Baker

引用次数: 119

Assessment of a screening protocol for occupational renal disease. 职业性肾病筛查方案的评估。

Journal of occupational medicine. : official publication of the Industrial Medical Association Pub Date : 1994-10-01 DOI: 10.1097/00043764-199410000-00012

A Z Rocskay, T G Robins

引用次数: 4