Journal of oral rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Anterior Repositioning Splints in the Management of Temporomandibular Disc Displacement: A Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Rüştü Ersoy Sakarya, Osayd Alawawda, Ummuhan Caglayan Akbulak","doi":"10.1111/joor.70334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anterior repositioning splints (ARS) are widely used for disc displacement with reduction, but their comparative effectiveness against other conservative and minimally invasive treatments remains unquantified within a network meta-analytic framework.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to compare ARS with other treatment modalities for improving maximum mouth opening (MMO) and reducing pain in disc displacement with reduction using network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twelve randomized controlled trials met inclusion criteria: seven reported MMO, eight reported pain. Mean difference (MD) was the effect measure for both outcomes. Bayesian network meta-analysis ranked treatments using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). A sensitivity analysis excluding a study with an implausibly narrow standard deviation tested the robustness of the pain ranking.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For MMO (10 treatments), arthrocentesis ranked highest (SUCRA 76.2%) and ARS ranked eighth (38.3%); no comparison against ARS reached statistical significance (arthrocentesis vs. ARS: MD 6.78, 95% CrI 17.57 to 4.01). For pain (12 treatments), stabilization splint ranked highest (SUCRA 77.7%), followed by ARS (65.9%); untreated control ranked lowest (11.1%). ARS did not differ from stabilization splint (MD 0.69, 95% CrI 0.64 to 2.02) but exceeded untreated control (MD 4.60, 95% CrI 2.01 to 7.19). Sensitivity analysis did not alter rankings; certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate, with no comparison reaching high certainty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ARS was not the most effective treatment for MMO, and for pain it outperformed untreated control but not stabilization splint, which held the highest SUCRA ranking. ARS is therefore not the preferred first-line treatment over stabilization splint.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Periodontal Therapy on Function and Quality of Life in Stage III Periodontitis.","authors":"Ali Ursavas, Sevilay Yeginoglu, Zeliha Guney, Elif Unsal","doi":"10.1111/joor.70323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stage III, Grade B periodontitis compromises periodontal support, masticatory function, and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Its functional and patient-reported recovery across sequential periodontal treatment phases remains underexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of comprehensive periodontal therapy on clinical parameters, masticatory performance, and OHRQoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty systemically healthy patients with Stage III, Grade B periodontitis and 20 periodontally healthy controls were included in this prospective clinical study. Clinical periodontal parameters, tooth mobility (Periotest), masticatory performance (silicone cube chewing test with sieve analysis), and OHRQoL (OHIP-14) were assessed. Periodontitis patients were evaluated at baseline, after non-surgical therapy, and following surgical treatment. Comparisons with healthy controls used one-way ANOVA, while longitudinal treatment effects were analysed using repeated-measures ANOVA with Geisser-Greenhouse correction and Šídák's multiple-comparisons test. Spearman correlation assessed associations between masticatory performance and OHRQoL.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with periodontitis exhibited significantly worse baseline clinical parameters, masticatory performance, and OHRQoL than controls (p < 0.001). Longitudinally, probing depth and bleeding on probing improved significantly (p < 0.0001), whereas Periotest values remained unchanged (p = 0.964). Masticatory performance improved significantly across treatment phases (p < 0.0001). OHIP-14 scores decreased significantly after therapy, indicating improved quality of life (p < 0.0001). Strong negative correlations were observed between OHIP-14 scores and masticatory performance indices across all treatment phases (ρ = -0.49 to -0.75).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Comprehensive periodontal therapy improves periodontal status, masticatory performance, and OHRQoL in Stage III, Grade B periodontitis. Parallel improvements in objective function and patient-reported outcomes demonstrate the multidimensional benefits of periodontal rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Virtual Reality and Relaxation Exercises Shape Pain, Sleep, Kinesiophobia and Anxiety Over Time After Impacted Third Molar Surgery?: A Randomized Controlled Study.","authors":"Buse Kilinc Ozay, Emre Serdar Atalay, Sara Samur Erguven, Aydın Ozkan, Ozlem Akkoyun Sert, Necmiye Un Yildirim","doi":"10.1111/joor.70324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surgical extraction of Impacted Third Molar (ITM) is one of the most frequently performed oral surgical procedures. The effects of relaxation exercises and VR after ITM surgery remain underinvestigated.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of relaxation exercises and VR on pain, sleep quality, kinesiophobia, and anxiety levels following ITM surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 36 individuals between the ages of 18 and 35 with mandibular third molars in Class 2 position B, according to the Pell and Gregory classification. All third molar extractions were performed under local anaesthesia. Participants in the Relaxation Exercise Group (G1) received relaxation exercises and patient education; participants in the Relaxation Exercise + VR Group (G2) received relaxation exercises, VR and patient education; and participants in the Control Group (G3) received patient education only. We assessed pain levels using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), kinesiophobia levels using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia for Temporomandibular Disorders, sleep quality using the Visual Analog Sleep Scale, and anxiety levels using the State subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S). The same researcher performed assessments three times: immediately after ITM extraction and on postoperative days 2 and 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On postoperative days 2 and 7, the three groups differed significantly in VAS and STAI-S scores (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Relaxation exercises, alone or combined with VR, appear to be viable approaches for managing pain and anxiety after ITM surgery and may represent a promising avenue for future rehabilitation research.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT06917989.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the Implementation Gap in Occlusal Dysesthesia (Phantom Bite Syndrome): From Knowledge Gaps to Prosthodontic Care Pathways.","authors":"Takayuki Suga, Trang Thi Huyen Tu, Chizuko Maeda, Motoko Watanabe, Akira Toyofuku","doi":"10.1111/joor.70258","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joor.70258","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"2027-2028"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13583402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulin Resistance Indices and Masticatory Function in Postmenopausal Korean Women: A 15-Year Nationwide Survey.","authors":"Yuri Kim, Yoon-Jin Kim, Ji-Eun Kim, Ki-Ho Chung","doi":"10.1111/joor.70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postmenopausal women experience increased visceral adiposity and insulin resistance owing to oestrogen deficiency, which may affect oral structure and function. Their relation to oral health is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine the associations of five non-insulin-based insulin resistance indices with tooth loss and masticatory discomfort in postmenopausal Korean women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analysed 14 265 naturally postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2024. Triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio, the triglyceride-glucose index and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) were standardised, so estimates are expressed per 1 standard deviation. Missing teeth were analysed by survey-weighted negative binomial regression, and fewer than 20 remaining teeth and masticatory discomfort by survey-weighted logistic regression. Discrimination was characterised descriptively using receiver operating characteristic curves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Masticatory discomfort was associated with triglycerides (odds ratio 1.065, 95% confidence interval 1.030-1.102), HDL cholesterol (0.919, 0.886-0.952), the triglyceride-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (1.072, 1.035-1.111) and the triglyceride-glucose index (1.069, 1.032-1.108), but not with METS-IR (1.036, 0.997-1.076). No index was associated with missing teeth or with fewer than 20 remaining teeth. Estimates were unchanged after adjustment for survey cycle. Discrimination was attributable almost entirely to age: adding any index to an age-only model raised the area under the curve by at most 0.0014 and 0.016, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Several indices showed small associations with self-reported masticatory discomfort but none with tooth loss. These findings describe patterns of association and do not establish any index as a tool for screening or for integrated medical-dental management.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive, Functional Mobility and Oral Functional Capacity Changes Following Complete Denture Rehabilitation: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Berk Bilgen, Ayşenur Özcan Sezgin, Olcay Şakar","doi":"10.1111/joor.70327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Complete dentures positively impact the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of geriatric individuals; however, longitudinal changes in broader functional and cognitive outcomes following complete denture rehabilitation remain insufficiently characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize longitudinal changes in cognitive performance, functional mobility and oral functional capacity (OFC) during the first three months following complete denture rehabilitation in edentulous older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy one completely edentulous individuals aged > 60 years were enrolled in this single-arm prospective clinical study and rehabilitated with maxillary and mandibular complete dentures. Cognitive function, functional mobility and OFC were assessed prior to treatment and at 1 and 3 months following denture insertion. Cognitive performance was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), functional mobility using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT), and denture-related OHRQoL using the OHIP-EDENT questionnaire. Within-subject changes were analysed and associations between changes in MMSE and TUGT scores and patient age and OHRQoL were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant within-subject changes were observed in MMSE, TUGT and OFC across the three assessment time points. MMSE scores increased significantly from pretreatment to both 1 and 3 months, with no significant difference between the two post-treatment assessments. TUGT performance and OFC showed significant changes across all pairwise time-point comparisons. No significant associations were observed between age and changes in TUGT, MMSE, or OHIP-EDENT scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Favourable longitudinal changes in cognitive performance and functional mobility were observed during the three months following complete denture rehabilitation, alongside favourable shifts in OFC parameters that may reflect changes in oral care-related capacity.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>NCT06688669.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Sequential 4-Channel Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Hyoid Excursion, Swallowing Safety and Oral Intake in Older Adults With Sarcopenic Dysphagia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Ji-Su Park, Na-Kyoung Hwang, Moon-Young Chang, Gihyoun Lee","doi":"10.1111/joor.70322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sequential 4-channel neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was originally developed to mimic the physiological activation sequence of the swallowing-related muscles; however, its efficacy in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of sequential 4-channel NMES on hyoid excursion, swallowing safety, and oral intake in older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty older adults with sarcopenic dysphagia were randomly assigned to either the sequential 4-channel (n = 20) or the conventional 2-channel (n = 20) NMES groups. Both groups received NMES intervention for 30 min per session, five times per week, for 6 weeks. Outcome measures included anterior and superior hyoid excursion assessed using the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), and functional oral intake scale (FOIS). Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to evaluate group × time interaction effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant group × time interaction effects were observed for anterior hyoid excursion (F = 18.46, p < 0.001, η²p = 0.327), superior hyoid excursion (F = 6.94, p = 0.012, η²p = 0.154), PAS (F = 7.96, p = 0.008, η²p = 0.173), and FOIS (F = 8.66, p = 0.006, η²p = 0.186). Overall, the 4-channel NMES group demonstrated greater improvements in hyoid excursion, swallowing safety, and oral intake function than the 2-channel NMES group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support the use of physiologically-sequenced stimulation as a promising rehabilitation strategy to address swallowing impairments associated with sarcopenic dysphagia.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Environment and Aspiration Pneumonia Risk in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework.","authors":"Hiroyasu Furuya, Diane Longnecker, Erika Almazan, Orlando Hinojosa, Tarah Rochester, Giselle Carnaby","doi":"10.1111/joor.70326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aspiration pneumonia is a major clinical concern in Parkinson's disease (PD) and is associated with poor prognosis. Dysphagia is a well-recognized risk factor for aspiration pneumonia, but the oral environment may also contribute to this risk.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This narrative review aims to synthesize knowledge on the relationship between the oral environment and dysphagia in PD and to propose a conceptual framework that incorporates oral environment management into dysphagia management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar for publications from January 2000 to December 2025. We synthesized findings on the oral environment in PD across three domains (clinical oral findings, saliva-related symptoms and the oral microbiome), with attention to disease stage where reported and examined their relationships with dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The oral environment in PD was reported to be associated with disease-related motor and non-motor features and was reported to worsen with disease progression. Deterioration of the oral environment was also associated with dysphagia. Based on these findings, we proposed a stage-based conceptual framework for assessment and management of both the oral environment and swallowing function.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Assessment of both the oral environment and swallowing function across all disease stages should be considered as part of aspiration pneumonia risk management in PD. The oral environment remains a modifiable factor even in advanced stages of PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149075026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneous Trajectories of Oral Frailty Among Institutionalized Older Adults: A 6-Month Latent Growth Mixture Modelling Study.","authors":"Hong Chen, Yunlan Jiang, Xiaodi Bai, Le Li, Yuelin Wang, Jing Wang, Senlin Wu, Mengjie Zhang, Xiaoyu Bai","doi":"10.1111/joor.70329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral frailty describes an emerging geriatric oral condition featuring progressive oral function decline linked to adverse health outcomes among older adults. Older adults living in long-term care facilities are particularly vulnerable due to advanced age, multimorbidity and reduced self-care capacity. However, longitudinal patterns of oral frailty progression and individual heterogeneity remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to identify distinct longitudinal trajectories of oral frailty among older adults residing in long-term care facilities and to examine baseline clinical characteristics associated with different trajectory memberships.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective longitudinal study was conducted among 295 older adults from six long-term care facilities in Chengdu, China, between March and December 2025. Oral frailty was assessed using the Oral Frailty Index-8 (OFI-8) at baseline and at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-ups. Latent growth mixture modelling (LGMM) was used to identify oral frailty trajectories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three distinct oral frailty trajectories were identified: a low-level persistent stable group (46.3%), a moderate-level gradual recovery group (34.4%) and a high-level progressive deterioration group (19.3%). Cognitive impairment, nutritional status, insomnia, number of chronic diseases and long-term alcohol consumption were key clinical indicators distinguishing the three trajectory groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oral frailty progression among older adults in long-term care facilities shows substantial heterogeneity. Trajectory-based assessment incorporating cognitive, nutritional and chronic disease-related indicators may facilitate early identification of high-risk individuals and support personalized oral health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149074974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mastication-Induced Brain Blood Flow Changes Before and After Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment in Skeletal Class III Patients: A Pilot Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Hiroyuki Kanzaki, Chihiro Nakata, Masao Kumazawa, Kahoko Nishikawa, Hiroyasu Kanetaka, Yoshiki Nakamura","doi":"10.1111/joor.70311","DOIUrl":"10.1111/joor.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mandibular prognathism attenuates chewing-induced brain blood flow (BBF) in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus, correlating with compromised masticatory function and cognitive performance. Surgical orthodontic treatment restores skeletal and occlusal relationships and reorganises jaw sensorimotor function; however, its effects on masticatory cortical haemodynamics remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This pilot study aimed to characterise longitudinal and cross-sectional BBF changes following surgical orthodontic treatment in skeletal Class III patients, and to explore whether pre-treatment BBF level may be associated with the direction of treatment-related change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BBF in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus was measured using fNIRS at the initial examination (T1) and treatment completion (T3). Cross-sectional comparison was performed between independent T1 (n = 162) and T3 (n = 55) groups; longitudinal analysis was conducted in 22 paired patients. The longitudinal cohort was stratified at the median T1 BBF into low- and high-BBF subgroups (n = 11 each), with between-group differences assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test and bootstrap resampling (1 000 iterations).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither cross-sectional (p = 0.804) nor longitudinal comparison (p = 0.614) revealed a significant group-level change. Baseline-stratified analysis revealed opposing directional responses: The Low-BBF group showed a tendency toward increase (median change: +3.4%; p = 0.102), while the High-BBF group showed a tendency toward decrease (median change: -16.4%; p = 0.064). The between-group difference in BBF change scores was suggestive (uncorrected p = 0.015; bootstrap 95% CI: +0.7 to +124.6%, excluding zero), consistent with the interpretation that pre-treatment BBF level may be associated with the direction of masticatory cortical haemodynamic change following surgical orthodontic treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These exploratory, hypothesis-generating findings provide the first effect size estimates for pre-treatment BBF as a potential directional predictor of cortical haemodynamic response to surgical orthodontic treatment, and justify a future pre-registered, adequately powered investigation with formal a priori sample size calculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16605,"journal":{"name":"Journal of oral rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149069795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}