Journal of Orthodontic Science最新文献

{"title":"Metallurgy in orthodontic-A systematic review and meta-analysis on the types of metals used.","authors":"Huda Abutayyem,&nbsp;Mohammad Khursheed Alam,&nbsp;Bushra Kanwal,&nbsp;Haytham Jamil Alswairki,&nbsp;Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_52_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_52_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A variety of metals and alloys are employed in the field of orthodontics, primary of which happen to be the construction of wires. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various metallurgical characteristics of the said metals and alloys. Four hundred and eighty-two documents in total were found after a thorough search of the online journals, and 169 of the papers were initially chosen. Ultimately, 16 documents were selected that satisfied the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria, primarily <i>in vitro</i> studies, literature reviews, and comparative analyses. NiTi alloy was found to be the most commonly used alloy in construction of orthodontic wires across all the studies that we had selected for our review. It also had better performance and consistency in terms of its usage as depicted by the meta-analysis performed, with stainless steel wires being a close second primarily due to its lesser cost compared to the former. Metallurgy and orthodontics are inextricably linked with one another. The various components of orthodontics such as wires, pliers, and other instruments utilize the metallurgical characteristics of metals and alloys that are specially prepared for the challenges of this field. <b>PROSPERO Registration Number:</b> CRD42022378444.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/8d/JOS-12-50.PMC10597363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual systemic and nondental effects of maxillary expansion therapy: A comprehensive and updated review of literature.","authors":"Mohammad Kamran Khan,&nbsp;Divya Sanjay Sharma,&nbsp;Mahendra Kumar Jindal","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_25_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In dental practice, pediatric patients with a wide range of manifestations of malocclusion viz. crossbite, dental crowding, and skeletal Class III due to transverse discrepancy of the abnormally constricted maxilla or palate are found. However, the dental management of such kind of malocclusion with narrow palate needs a meticulous dental evaluation. Appliances used for treating such malocclusion conditions may include Slow-Maxillary Expansion (SME) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) orthodontic or orthopedic appliances. Considerable success has been described in the literature using the maxillary/palatal expansion modality. Unusual systemic and nondental effects of expansion appliances therapy have been described in some scientific studies. However, no comprehensive review article has been published describing the nondental and systemic effects of RME/SME therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. Considering the above scenarios, the updated and comprehensive review of the relevant literature is necessary for health professionals. Dental professionals including pediatric dentists and orthodontists need to consider such untoward or unexpected effects of RME/SME treatment modality. Hence, the current comprehensive review article has been written with the aim to meticulously describe the relevant scientific literature about nondental/extraoral and systemic effects of RME/SME appliances.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/65/JOS-12-38.PMC10597365.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma's (PRP) impacts on accelerated canine movement.","authors":"Lam N Le,&nbsp;Thao T Do,&nbsp;Ngan B T Truong,&nbsp;Phuong K V Le","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_1_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on canine movement acceleration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design and controlled group on 31 orthodontic patients, which had been indicated bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. Each patient recorded clinical features, analyzed lateral cephalometric film, and evaluated the acceleration on dental models at every specific interval.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The cumulative distance to the distal canines was larger for the PRP injection group than for the control group at three time points (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks), all of which were statistically significant. The PRP injection group's canine distal width increased from the first 4 weeks (ΔT1) to the highest in the middle 4 weeks (ΔT2 = 1.78 ± 0.11 mm/month), and then it gradually decreased in the last 4 weeks (ΔT3). The speed of the PRP-injected canine was faster than the control group by 1.51 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP can accelerate the speed of canine movement in orthodontics and can be applied for severe cases, for example, impacted tooth retraction, molar protraction or retraction, and other cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/74/JOS-12-58.PMC10597380.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sterilizing orthodontic appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the available methods.","authors":"Huda Abutayyem,&nbsp;Mohammad Khursheed Alam,&nbsp;Bushra Kanwal,&nbsp;Haytham J Alswairki,&nbsp;Yahya A Alogaibi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_53_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_53_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection control is essential to protect both the doctor and the patient by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. There is no exception in the field of dentistry, particularly in orthodontics, where numerous appliances are used for a variety of functions and also because the mouth cavity has the highest concentration of bacteria of any body part. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various methods of sterilization employed in an orthodontic setting. Using relevant keywords, reference searches, and citation searches, the databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched; a total of 206 documents were found, of which 113 were initially selected. The remaining 23 distinct papers were initially made available after 90 publications that were identical to or similar to one another were eliminated. The final selection was made from eight documents that met all inclusion and exclusion requirements. The existing methods of sterilization were found to be competent in dealing with the microorganisms found in a typical orthodontic setting. The chemical method of sterilization was the norm in most of the studies that we assessed, with glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid (PAA) being the most commonly employed compounds for disinfection. <b>PROSPERO Registration Number:</b> CRD42022380831.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/e2/JOS-12-51.PMC10597368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lingual frenulum length: A prospecting link to craniofacial morphology in adults.","authors":"Priya Biswas,&nbsp;Neha Agarwal,&nbsp;Puja Saha,&nbsp;Nahid Ansari,&nbsp;Susmita Choudhary,&nbsp;Prativa Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_108_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_108_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the length of the lingual frenulum with the craniofacial morphology in adults.</p><p><strong>Method and materials: </strong>The study comprised a total of 144 subjects, aged 18 to 28 years, divided into 3 groups (48 in each group), based on ANB angle i.e., Skeletal Class I, Skeletal Class II & Skeletal Class III. To measure the length of the lingual frenulum direct and indirect methods were used. A Lingual frenulum ruler was used for direct measurement and the differences between the maximum mouth opening reduction (MMOR) with and without the tip of the tongue touching the incisive papilla measurement were taken for the indirect method. A lateral cephalogram was collected from each subject and a cephalometric analysis was done to assess craniofacial morphology. Statistical analysis was done by ANOVA and the significance of the mean difference between (inter) the groups was done by Tukey's HSD (honestly significant difference) post hoc test after ascertaining normality by Shapiro-Wilk's test and homogeneity of variance between groups by Levene's test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lingual frenulum length and maximum mouth opening reduction were significantly increased in the Skeletal Class III subjects with a statistically significant value of <i>P</i> < 0.001 when compared with the Skeletal Class I and Skeletal Class II subjects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A balance in the teeth positioning is maintained by orofacial musculature and any disturbance which occurs in this, results in malocclusion. Malocclusion can result in a long lingual frenulum that pushes the mandibular anterior forwards. Hence, the malocclusion and lingual frenulum length relationship are essential to eliminate the erratic forces and to attain excellent results, following the elimination of malocclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6a/15/JOS-12-54.PMC10597376.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clear Aligner Therapy: Up to date review article.","authors":"AbdulMajeed AlMogbel","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_30_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_30_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advantages of Clear Aligners Therapy (CAT) include the braces being virtually invisible, comfortable to wear, and removable for eating and brushing; that way, CAT can be used to treat a wide range of orthodontic issues. In 1999, the company Align Technology introduced the frst commercial clear aligner system called Invisalign. The Invisalign system was initially only available to orthodontists, but later became available to general dentists as well. The system quickly gained popularity among patients who were looking for a more discreet and comfortable alternative to traditional braces. In 2000, Align Technology received FDA clearance for the Invisalign system, which further increased its popularity. The biomechanics of clear aligners involve the use of custom-made tooth aligners that are specifcally shaped to guide teeth into desired positions. These aligners are typically made from flexible materials such as polyurethane or ethylene vinyl acetate and are adjusted to apply the necessary forces for tooth movement. Attachment devices, such as power ridges or buttons, are often used to enhance or assist in specifc tooth movements and for retention of the aligner. The use of attachments allows for the exertion of desired force on the teeth, which is crucial for the success of Clear Aligner Therapy. CAT should be used if patients are concerned about the esthetic appearances of their teeth-for example, actors and other individuals that rely on their appearances in public in a professional context-and if the misalignment is not severe, so that clear aligners can still work. One should not use CAT in cases of severe crowding or spacing issues that require extractions. If the patient has complex jaw discrepancies or skeletal issues or if teeth need to be moved extensively in multiple directions, CAT is likely not going to be strong enough. In conclusion, Clear Aligner Therapy is a safe, effective, and convenient orthodontic treatment option that offers patients a virtually invisible way to achieve a straighter, more beautiful smile. With continued advancements in technology and a growing body of research supporting its effectiveness, the future of Clear Aligner Therapy looks bright.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/7e/JOS-12-37.PMC10597356.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating orthodontic bracket slot dimensions and morphology: A narrative review.","authors":"Mohammed Nahidh,&nbsp;Yassir A Yassir","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_39_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_39_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current article aims to review the previous studies that measure the orthodontic bracket slot dimensions and geometry. Searches in different databases, including PubMed Central, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, the Cochrane Library, Textbooks, Google Scholar, and Research Gate, in addition to a manual search, were performed about the methods of assessing orthodontic bracket slot dimension up to March 2023. The irrelevant and duplicate studies were eliminated, leaving 35 studies for this narrative review. The findings indicate that the slots are oversized with diverging walls in most studies. Manufacturers must respect the standards during manufacturing brackets and adhere to the actual dimensions and tolerance values.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/68/JOS-12-40.PMC10597361.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs in permanent dentition in the population of Gulf Cooperation Council countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Praveen B Shivanna,&nbsp;Vidyullatha B Gopalakrishna","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_126_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_126_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyze the existing information on the prevalence of the need for orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition stage among populations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. For observational studies in GCC countries, the key terms were electronically searched in Science Direct, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Reviews, Google Scholar, and Sage databases (1990-2021). The bias risk for the selected studies was evaluated using the modified Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology statement. Thirteen studies reported on the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs among 33,134 children in GCC countries in permanent dentition with an age range of 11-19 years satisfied the inclusion criteria. Out of the 13 studies, 9 reported on the prevalence of malocclusion, 11 reported on the prevalence of occlusal traits, and 12 reported on the prevalence of orthodontic treatment needs as per the Dental Health Component (DHC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), 4 reported as per both DHC and Aesthetic Component (AC) of IOTN, and 1 reported as per only AC of IOTN. Meta-analysis of the included studies indicated that the pooled malocclusion prevalence rate was 10.60% (confidence interval [CI] 95%: 0.093-0.076) with 8.58% Class I (CI 95%: 0.074-0.188), 2.09% Class II (CI 95%: 0.014-0.058), and 0.93% Class III (CI 95%: 0.005-0.018) malocclusions. The most prevalent type of occlusal trait was spacing (13.10%, CI 95%: 0.018-0.169), followed by crowding (4.96%, CI 95%: 0.017-0.091). The pooled prevalence of borderline and definite needs for orthodontic treatment based on DHC and AC of IOTN was 0.82% (CI 95%: 0.014-0.035), 1.13% (CI 95%: 0.011-0.091), 4.08% (CI 95%: 0.009-0.114), and 2.06% (CI 95%: 0.002-0.048), respectively. The findings were heterogeneous (<i>P</i> < 0.05). These findings indicated that the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs was not high in the GCC population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/80/bd/JOS-12-39.PMC10597355.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative assessment of root resorption in TAD-aided anchorage with and without RAP: A CBCT study on en masse retraction cases.","authors":"Amala Rita Jose,&nbsp;Nillan K Shetty,&nbsp;Sneha Shalu,&nbsp;K Amritha Prasad,&nbsp;Thankam C Susan,&nbsp;Suhani Sudhakar Shetty","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_14_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_14_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of root resorption with mini implant-aided anchorage, with and without inducing the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP) in en masse retraction cases using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty patients requiring therapeutic extraction of all first premolars were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups of fifteen patients each (groups I and II). Patients of both groups underwent retraction using mini implants. In patients of group II, the RAP was initiated before starting retraction. For each patient, CBCT of the maxillary and mandibular anterior region was taken before treatment and after retraction to evaluate root length changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amount of root resorption post-retraction was lesser in group II as compared to group I for the maxillary canine, mandibular canines, and mandibular lateral incisors. When the amount of root resorption was scored according to the Malmgren index, a greater percentage of teeth in group I (17.8%) showed root resorption of score of 3 as compared to group II (6.1%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of the study show that the RAP caused reduced root resorption, but its effect was localized to the area where it was induced. When mini implants are used for absolute anchorage during en masse retraction, the RAP can be induced to reduce the root resorption that results from increased treatment time associated with implant-aided retraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/75/JOS-12-49.PMC10597373.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic urgencies and their management during COVID-19 pandemic-A web-based survey.","authors":"S Sreehari,&nbsp;P Muhammed Shibin,&nbsp;Shobha Sundareswaran,&nbsp;Prathapan Parayaruthottam,&nbsp;Baby Jisha","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_6_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_6_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This investigation aimed to evaluate the most common orthodontic urgencies, their management, and changes in routine biosafety measures and the total income of the dental office in South India during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire was drafted using Google Forms with questions in four domains pertaining to orthodontic urgencies, biosafety measures, treatment duration, and income. After validation, this questionnairewas sent to 750 orthodontists via WhatsApp messenger (WhatsApp Inc, Menlo Park, Calif) over a period of 14 days.Descriptive statistics and comparisons were performed using independent <i>t</i>- and <i>Chi</i>-square tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority of the orthodontists (62.3%) had closed their clinics only during the first lockdown. Many (63%) had scheduled urgent appointments along with routine limited patients per day. The most frequent urgencies were related to the breakage of brackets, archwires, molar tubes, bands, and temporary anchorage devices. Aligners were the least problematic. The treatment time was also prolonged. Telephonic advice and virtual assistance via WhatsApp messages/videos were found to be successful in the management of urgencies.Most orthodontists had strengthened their routine biosafety measures.The financial impact of this pandemic was considerable, with nearly 50% reduction in total income.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Urgencies linked to preadjusted edgewise appliances, such as breakage of brackets and tubes, and archwire-related injuries were the most common. Prolongation of treatment time and negative financial impact were the other problems encountered during this pandemic. Drastic changes had occurred in routine biosafety measures, which prevented the spread of infection among orthodontists and patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/59/JOS-12-53.PMC10597374.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}