{"title":"Influence of resin infiltration pretreatment on the microleakage under orthodontic bracket (an <i>in vitro</i> study).","authors":"Leqaa H Qibi, Lamiaa A Hasan, Zaid Dewachi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_102_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_102_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In order to assess the changes in tooth orthodontic adhesive interface microleakage after applying a caries resin penetrated to the sound enamel tooth surface in different storage media.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 60 human maxillary first premolars (orthodontic extraction) were collected by random separation of the teeth into two equal groups. The control group was classified into three subgroups (n = 10) (control in deionized water, control in milk, and control in energy drink), while the experimental one (treated with ICON) was categorized into three subgroups (n = 10) (ICON in deionized water, ICON in milk, and ICON in energy drink) incubation phase lasted three weeks in total.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) yielded a significant difference between all experimental subgroups (ICON in deionized water, ICON in milk, and ICON in energy drink) and control subgroups (control in deionized water, control in milk, and control in energy drink). The control group in the energy drink subgroup had the highest mean microleakage value when compared to the other subgroups, whereas the resin-infiltrated group in deionized water had the lowest mean value. According to the results of the T-test, ICON pre-treatment tooth samples had significantly lower mean values of microleakage than non-ICON tooth samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The adhesive system (control group) revealed that a resin infiltrate on a sound enamel surface prior to orthodontic bracket bonding reduced bracket tooth interface microleakage in all examined samples. The ICON-infiltrated surface was discovered to provide a secondary preventive strategy against white spot lesion development by reducing microleakage under brackets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/16/8b/JOS-12-43.PMC10597359.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erliera Sufarnap, Kholidina Imanda Harahap, Sally Cynthiana, Muhammad Reza
{"title":"Nickel and copper ion release, deflection and the surface roughness of copper-nickel-titanium orthodontic archwire in sodium fluoride solution.","authors":"Erliera Sufarnap, Kholidina Imanda Harahap, Sally Cynthiana, Muhammad Reza","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_92_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_92_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Sodium fluoride (NaF) is commonly used in oral hygiene products, leading to corrosion and reduced archwire properties. In addition, ion release can cause allergies and become toxic to the oral environment. This research aimed to observe the Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) ions released that affected initial corrosion as deflection and surface roughness changed in the Copper-Nickel-Titanium (CuNiTi) archwire.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The total samples were 54 copper-nickel-titanium (CuNiTi-Tanzo, American orthodontic®) archwires immersed in three solutions. Artificial saliva was used in the control group NaF 0.05%, and a NaF 0.15% solution was used in the intervention groups (<i>n</i> = 6). The groups were divided into three observation times (two, four, and six weeks). Cu and Ni ions released, deflection, the surface roughness of the archwires, and solution acidities were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ni and Cu ion release and surface roughness of the CuNiTi archwires significantly increased as the NaF concentration increased. The Ni ion release improved along the immersion period; the opposite was true for the Cu ion release. The solutions became more alkaline after the CuNiTi archwires were immersed. The pH and the archwires' deflections of the three solutions did not show significant differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NaF increased Cu-Ni ion release and surface roughness but not the deflection force of the CuNiTi. The increase was affected by the concentration and duration of immersion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/29/JOS-12-44.PMC10597362.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baby Jisha, Sreehari Sathyanadhan, Shobha Sundareswaran, Prathapan Parayaruthottam, Muhammed Shibin
{"title":"Validity and reliability of the orthodontic experience questionnaire in Malayalam, an Indian language.","authors":"Baby Jisha, Sreehari Sathyanadhan, Shobha Sundareswaran, Prathapan Parayaruthottam, Muhammed Shibin","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_5_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_5_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To translate the orthodontic experience questionnaire into Malayalam, an Indian language, and assess its validity and reliability in the Kerala population.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The original questionnaire, which was developed in English, was translated into Malayalam. Face validity was assessed, and minor changes were made, followed by a content validity assessment by an expert panel. The final version was given to 324 patients who marked their responses on a Likert scale. Internal consistency reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was tested using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Principal component factor analysis was performed to regroup the valid items.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The principal component factor analysis revealed three domains. Reliability assessed by Cronbach's alpha of the whole questionnaire was 0.799, and that of the three domains was 0.73, 0.71, and 0.71, respectively. The test-retest reliability was found to be good (0.798).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Malayalam version of the orthodontic experience questionnaire was found to be content valid with good reliability. To obtain a successful treatment result, an orthodontist must be aware of these and this questionnaire, with adequate validity and reliability, has been designed to achieve this in the Malayalam-speaking population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6f/4b/JOS-12-48.PMC10597366.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Huda Abutayyem, Haytham Jamil Alswairki, Mohammad Younis Hajeer, Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi
{"title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of nutrition and its impact on orthodontic treatment/management.","authors":"Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Huda Abutayyem, Haytham Jamil Alswairki, Mohammad Younis Hajeer, Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_85_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_85_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nutritional needs already increased by adolescent growth, activity, and stress are further exacerbated by the physical, physiological, and psychological stress that orthodontic treatment causes. Hence, the main objective of this systematic review was to analyze the relationship between adequate nutrition and its impact on orthodontic treatment success rates. Using relevant keywords, reference searches, and citation searches, the databases such as PubMed-Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched. \"Diet,\" \"Minerals,\" \"Nutrition,\" \"Orthodontics,\" and \"Vitamins\" were the search terms used to scour the database. The 10 studies selected for the systematic review and subsequent meta-analysis could not conclusively establish the correlation between proper nutrition and its impact on orthodontic treatment of the patient. There was virtually little connection between patients' dietary intake and the effectiveness of their orthodontic treatment. Additionally, a direct causal link between the two could not be established legitimately because the majority of the studies reviewed only noted an impact during the early stages of the treatment. <b>PROSPERO Registration Number:</b> CRD42022380828.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f8/ac/JOS-12-41.PMC10597360.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhafer Alyami, Adel Alharbi, Yousef Hatan, Yahya M Asiri, Hussein Alharthy, Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi
{"title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among adolescents in Najran City, Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Dhafer Alyami, Adel Alharbi, Yousef Hatan, Yahya M Asiri, Hussein Alharthy, Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_51_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_51_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the prevalence of malocclusions and the need for orthodontic treatment in a sample of school-going adolescents in the Najran city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1094 school-going Saudi male adolescents. The age range of the sampled adolescents was 13-18 years, and none of them had any history of orthodontic treatment. A survey chart related to malocclusion was designed and filled up after clinical examination by a single experienced and calibrated examiner. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The present study's findings demonstrated 61.2% of the samples with Angle's Class I malocclusions, 27.5% with Class II, and 11.4% of samples with Class III malocclusion. A significant difference was observed between the different classes of malocclusion (P < 0.001). Most samples presented normal overjet, crossbite, and no reverse overjet, deep bite, or open bite. The number of samples with no treatment need was 573 (52.37%), with slight treatment in 185 (16.91%) samples, moderate treatment needs in 123 (11.24%) samples, and severe and extreme treatment needs were 109 (9.96%) and 104 (9.50%), respectively. A significant difference was observed between the samples with no or slight treatment need (grades 1 and 2), moderate need (grade 3), and definite treatment need (grades 4 and 5) (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of malocclusion and IOTNs among the sample of school-going adolescents in the Najran city was 47.63%. However, 9.63% of those samples required immediate attention for orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fb/36/JOS-12-60.PMC10597378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survival analysis of temporary anchorage devices: A retrospective analysis in a Nigerian orthodontic patient population.","authors":"Onyinye Dorothy Umeh, Uzoma Linda Offojebe, Ikenna Gerald Isiekwe, Ifeoma Utomi, Oluranti daCosta","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_10_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_10_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are skeletal anchorage devices. They are minimally invasive and placed by the orthodontist to prevent unwanted tooth movement. This study evaluated the survival rate of orthodontic TADs at 6 months. This study also assessed the effect of age, gender, side, site, dental arch of placement, and length of the TADs on its survival rate.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ethical approval was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of the hospital. The study sample comprised orthodontic patients who required the placement of TADs during treatment at a private dental facility in Lagos. Data for the study were obtained from the case files of the study subjects and included the subjects' age, gender, date of placement of the TADs, the site, side and arch of placement, the length of the TADs, and the survival rate of 6 months after placement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We reviewed 90 placed TADs and observed a survival rate of 88.9%. Most TAD failures occurred in the first month of placement (<i>p</i> = 001). There was no observable statistically significant effect of all other variables assessed (age, gender, arch, site, side, or implant length) on the survival rate of the TADs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The survival rate of TADs was high. Most TAD failures significantly occurred within one month of placement. There was no significant association between all other clinical variables and orthodontic mini-implant survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/87/04/JOS-12-45.PMC10597358.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huda Abutayyem, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Bushra Kanwal, Haytham Jamil Alswairki, Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi
{"title":"Metallurgy in orthodontic-A systematic review and meta-analysis on the types of metals used.","authors":"Huda Abutayyem, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Bushra Kanwal, Haytham Jamil Alswairki, Yahya Abdullah Alogaibi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_52_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_52_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A variety of metals and alloys are employed in the field of orthodontics, primary of which happen to be the construction of wires. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various metallurgical characteristics of the said metals and alloys. Four hundred and eighty-two documents in total were found after a thorough search of the online journals, and 169 of the papers were initially chosen. Ultimately, 16 documents were selected that satisfied the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria, primarily <i>in vitro</i> studies, literature reviews, and comparative analyses. NiTi alloy was found to be the most commonly used alloy in construction of orthodontic wires across all the studies that we had selected for our review. It also had better performance and consistency in terms of its usage as depicted by the meta-analysis performed, with stainless steel wires being a close second primarily due to its lesser cost compared to the former. Metallurgy and orthodontics are inextricably linked with one another. The various components of orthodontics such as wires, pliers, and other instruments utilize the metallurgical characteristics of metals and alloys that are specially prepared for the challenges of this field. <b>PROSPERO Registration Number:</b> CRD42022378444.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/8d/JOS-12-50.PMC10597363.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Kamran Khan, Divya Sanjay Sharma, Mahendra Kumar Jindal
{"title":"Unusual systemic and nondental effects of maxillary expansion therapy: A comprehensive and updated review of literature.","authors":"Mohammad Kamran Khan, Divya Sanjay Sharma, Mahendra Kumar Jindal","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_25_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_25_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In dental practice, pediatric patients with a wide range of manifestations of malocclusion viz. crossbite, dental crowding, and skeletal Class III due to transverse discrepancy of the abnormally constricted maxilla or palate are found. However, the dental management of such kind of malocclusion with narrow palate needs a meticulous dental evaluation. Appliances used for treating such malocclusion conditions may include Slow-Maxillary Expansion (SME) or Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) orthodontic or orthopedic appliances. Considerable success has been described in the literature using the maxillary/palatal expansion modality. Unusual systemic and nondental effects of expansion appliances therapy have been described in some scientific studies. However, no comprehensive review article has been published describing the nondental and systemic effects of RME/SME therapy in Pediatric Dentistry. Considering the above scenarios, the updated and comprehensive review of the relevant literature is necessary for health professionals. Dental professionals including pediatric dentists and orthodontists need to consider such untoward or unexpected effects of RME/SME treatment modality. Hence, the current comprehensive review article has been written with the aim to meticulously describe the relevant scientific literature about nondental/extraoral and systemic effects of RME/SME appliances.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/65/JOS-12-38.PMC10597365.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lam N Le, Thao T Do, Ngan B T Truong, Phuong K V Le
{"title":"Platelet-rich plasma's (PRP) impacts on accelerated canine movement.","authors":"Lam N Le, Thao T Do, Ngan B T Truong, Phuong K V Le","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_1_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_1_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on canine movement acceleration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design and controlled group on 31 orthodontic patients, which had been indicated bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction. Each patient recorded clinical features, analyzed lateral cephalometric film, and evaluated the acceleration on dental models at every specific interval.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The cumulative distance to the distal canines was larger for the PRP injection group than for the control group at three time points (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks), all of which were statistically significant. The PRP injection group's canine distal width increased from the first 4 weeks (ΔT1) to the highest in the middle 4 weeks (ΔT2 = 1.78 ± 0.11 mm/month), and then it gradually decreased in the last 4 weeks (ΔT3). The speed of the PRP-injected canine was faster than the control group by 1.51 times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRP can accelerate the speed of canine movement in orthodontics and can be applied for severe cases, for example, impacted tooth retraction, molar protraction or retraction, and other cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/74/JOS-12-58.PMC10597380.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Huda Abutayyem, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Bushra Kanwal, Haytham J Alswairki, Yahya A Alogaibi
{"title":"Sterilizing orthodontic appliances: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the available methods.","authors":"Huda Abutayyem, Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Bushra Kanwal, Haytham J Alswairki, Yahya A Alogaibi","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_53_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jos.jos_53_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection control is essential to protect both the doctor and the patient by preventing the spread of infectious diseases. There is no exception in the field of dentistry, particularly in orthodontics, where numerous appliances are used for a variety of functions and also because the mouth cavity has the highest concentration of bacteria of any body part. Through this systematic review, we aimed to assess the various methods of sterilization employed in an orthodontic setting. Using relevant keywords, reference searches, and citation searches, the databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus were all searched; a total of 206 documents were found, of which 113 were initially selected. The remaining 23 distinct papers were initially made available after 90 publications that were identical to or similar to one another were eliminated. The final selection was made from eight documents that met all inclusion and exclusion requirements. The existing methods of sterilization were found to be competent in dealing with the microorganisms found in a typical orthodontic setting. The chemical method of sterilization was the norm in most of the studies that we assessed, with glutaraldehyde and peracetic acid (PAA) being the most commonly employed compounds for disinfection. <b>PROSPERO Registration Number:</b> CRD42022380831.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 ","pages":"51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/2d/e2/JOS-12-51.PMC10597368.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}