Journal of Orthodontic Science最新文献

{"title":"Cephalometric differences in grades II and IV adenoid hypertrophy: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Afnan R Hammood, Hayder F Saloom","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_20_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_20_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to determine whether there were cephalometric changes between grades II and IV adenoid hypertrophy.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 6-12-year-old patients selected from the ear, nose, and throat department at Imam Al-Hussein Medical City in Karbala. Patients were classified into three groups (each = 40) based on endoscopic findings: control, grade II, and grade IV. The findings were confirmed with cephalometric radiographs. Specific cephalometric points were identified to measure sella-nasion-point A (SNA), sella-nasion-point B (SNB), point A-nasion-point B (ANB), sella-nasion-pogonion (SNPog), sella nasion plane-palatal plane (SNPP), palatal plane-mandibular plane (PPMP), sella nasion plane-mandibular plane (SNMP), saddle, articular, gonial angles, and the <i>y</i>-axis. Additionally, superior-posterior airway space (SPAS), posterior air way space (PAS), mandibular plane-hyoid bone (MP-H), third cervical vertebra-hyoid bone (C3-H), total anterior facial height (TAFH), total posterior facial height (TPFH), upper anterior facial height (UAFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), and the Jarabak ratio were measured.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Welch tests indicated statistically significant differences (<i>P</i> < 0.05) among the three groups in SNA, SNB, SNPog, PPMP, SNMP, gonial angle, <i>y</i>-axis, SPAS, PAS, MP-H, and the Jarabak ratio. Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) and Games-Howell tests indicated a statistically significant difference between grade II and grade IV in SNA, SNMP, <i>y</i>-axis, SPAS, PAS, MP-H, and Jarabak ratio.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrated that craniofacial changes start to occur at the moderate adenoid enlargement throughout the downward backward mandibular rotation. More changes would become evident at the severe stage; therefore, an urgent medical intervention and the establishment of nasal breathing by orthodontic treatment with breathing activity would be needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation therapy on condylar position and myofascial pain in patients with temporomandibular joint disorders-A pilot clinical trial.","authors":"R Rebekah, R Navaneethan, K S Nagachandran","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_21_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_21_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD) are a type of disorder that affects the temporomandibular joint, muscles, and nerves leading to persistent facial pain. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an alternative treatment for pain relief in TMD patients. The aim of the study was to assess the condylar position changes and pain levels occurring in TMD patients after TENS therapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methodology: </strong>According to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) criteria, a total of seven patients with TMD were included in this study. Routine diagnostic investigations were taken for each patient along with joint vibration analysis (JVA), electromyography (EMG), and a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at rest position. Using the Dolphin software (version 11.95), the temporomandibular joint spaces were measured on the CBCT for the right and left sides individually for each patient. These patients were then subjected to TENS therapy, and an EMG reading was taken post-TENS therapy to evaluate the effect on muscle strain. A CBCT was taken after the TENS therapy to assess its effect on the condylar position. The statistical significance of the pre- and post-temporomandibular joint spaces and the EMG readings post-TENS therapy were assessed using paired t-tests, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a change in the anterior, middle, and posterior dimensions observed radiographically, before and after TENS. However, the results were found to be statistically significant only in the anterior region on the right joint space (<i>P</i> = 0.03) and posterior region of the left joint space (<i>P</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TENS therapy has been found to bring about a change in the condylar position and pain intensities by relieving inadvertent muscle activity in the temporomandibular region. Therefore, further studies with larger sample sizes and control are required to fully ascertain the role of inadvertent muscle activity on the TMJ.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of surface roughness, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticle coating on copper nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires - <i>in vitro</i> study.","authors":"Daphane Anishya, Ravindra K Jain","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_29_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_29_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surface roughness of arch wires directly impacts their corrosion behavior, friction resistance, and plaque accumulation, which may hinder tooth movement and lead to dental caries.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aims to synthesize vanillin-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), characterize them, assess surface roughness and cytotoxicity of arch wires after silver nanoparticle coating, and test their antibacterial properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nine copper-nickel-titanium arch wires (CuNiTi) were cut into equal pieces. Three were sent for surface roughness assessment, three for cytotoxicity, and three for antibacterial testing. Dip coating of wires was done using the sol-gel thin film method. The surface roughness (Ra) before and after coating was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Cytotoxicity testing was done with a (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay using gingival fibroblasts. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software. Antibacterial activity against <i>S. mutans</i> was tested using the Agar-well diffusion method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The CuNiTi wires were coated successfully, and the coating appeared homogeneous. The mean Ra after coating (297.3+/- 30.4 nm) was significantly less than that before coating (339.7+/-49.2 nm). AgNPs showed minimal cytotoxicity against human gingival fibroblasts at different concentrations. Optical microscopy showed over 90% viability between 12.5 and 100 µg/ml. At 100 µg/ml, only 80% of cells remained viable. AgNP coating is biocompatible at concentrations up to 75 µg/ml. There was a significant intergroup difference in the zone of inhibition (antibacterial activity) noted with higher values in noncoated wires. (<i>P</i> value <0.007).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AgNPs coated on CuNiTi arch wires showed reduced surface roughness and minimal cytotoxic effects on human gingival cells and good antibacterial activity against S. mutans compared to noncoated arch wires.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating the validity of Tanaka-Johnston and Moyer's analysis of a Saudi sample.","authors":"Ahmad A Al-Fraidi, Abdulsamad Talaat Habeeb, Sarah Awadh Alserhani, Raood Talal Al-Kaki, Saleh Saeed Alkhathami, Hadeel Ahmed Bafaqeeh","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_5_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_5_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Accurate estimation of unerupted permanent canines and premolars is a crucial step for effective orthodontic treatment planning during mixed dentition. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of Moyers' charts and the Tanaka-Johnston equation in predicting tooth sizes in a sample of the Madina population in Saudi Arabia and propose a new regression equation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dental casts from 219 subjects (113 males and 106 females) were analyzed. Actual mesiodistal tooth widths were measured using digital calipers with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Moyers' and Tanaka-Johnston predictions were compared with actual measurements, and a new set of prediction equations was developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tanaka-Johnston predictions consistently overestimated the actual measurements, exhibiting a difference of 1.20 mm for maxillary canines and premolars and a difference of 1.25 mm for mandibular teeth. The Moyers chart showed gender-specific variations with males aligning with the 50^th percentile and females aligning with the 65^th percentile for upper arches and the 50^th percentile for lower arches. Newly derived linear regression equations were established for predicting the sum of upper and lower canines and premolars for the Madina population.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights limitations in the Moyers and Tanaka-Johnston methods used for the current sample as both methods overestimated tooth sizes. New regression equations were developed to offer a more accurate approach for predicting tooth sizes for the study sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"13 ","pages":"28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11500739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene as a promising material in orthodontics: A review","authors":"Afaf H. Hussein, Yassir A. Yassir","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_3_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_3_24","url":null,"abstract":"Graphene is an extraordinary material with unique mechanical, chemical, and thermal properties. Additionally, it boasts high surface area and antimicrobial properties, making it an attractive option for researchers exploring innovative materials for biomedical applications. Although there have been various studies on graphene applications in different biomedical fields, limited reviews have been conducted on its use in dentistry, and no reviews have focused on its application in the orthodontic field. This review aims to present a comprehensive overview of graphene-based materials, with an emphasis on their antibacterial mechanisms and the factors that influence these properties. Additionally, the review summarizes the dental applications of graphene, spotlighting the studies of its orthodontic application as they can be used to enhance the antibacterial and mechanical properties of orthodontic materials such as adhesives, archwires, and splints. Also, they can be utilized to enhance bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. An electronic search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library digital database platforms using graphene and orthodontics as keywords. The search was restricted to English language publications without a time limit. This review highlights the need for further laboratory and clinical research using graphene-based materials to improve the properties of orthodontic materials to make them available for clinical use.","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"74 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141051520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontic pain is related to oral health-related quality of life in orthodontic patients","authors":"Nadira Raevanisa, I. Narmada, A. Alida, Alexander Patera Nugraha, S. Ramadayanti, I. D. A. A. Pradnyaswari, Shailesh Deshmukh","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_103_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_103_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Orthodontic pain (OP) is a subjective experience induced by prolonged force on the teeth in fixed orthodontic treatment. OP acts as a predictor of aspects related to oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL). It is important to understand the extent of the impact of OP on a patient’s daily life, especially on stomatognathic function and social impact.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 To assess the correlation between OP and OHRQOL in fixed orthodontic treatment patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The comparative pain rating scale is used to assess pain intensity, while the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) assesses the impact of OP severity on OHRQOL of 57 patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment in the early stages of treatment (1–3 months of treatment) at the Dental Hospital, Universitas Airlangga. Gender, age, and malocclusion classifications were also analyzed for their influence. The data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In the initial phase of treatment, most of the patients (53%) experienced mild OP and moderate OP (39%), and OP was reduced over a week. The overall OHRQOL score was 17.4 ± 8, which indicates a negative impact on OHRQOL. There were also positive correlation dimensions of OHRQOL, which include the dimensions of physical limitations, psychological discomfort, and psychological limitations (r > 0.50). There was a significant difference between age groups in OP perception and OHRQOL (P < 0.05).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There was a positive correlation between OP intensity and OHRQOL experienced by fixed orthodontic patients at the Dental Hospital, Universitas Airlangga.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"327 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141028283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"White spot lesions in fixed orthodontic treatment: Etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future research perspectives","authors":"Suma Shankarappa, Jerusha Titus Burk, Pradeep Subbaiah, Raghunath Nagasundara Rao, V. Doddawad","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_205_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_205_23","url":null,"abstract":"White spot lesions (WSLs) refer to localized areas of hypo-mineralization limited to the enamel of the teeth surface, which is noticeable clinically to the naked eye on drying of the teeth. During fixed orthodontic treatment, it is very hard for the patient to maintain excellent oral hygiene as the brackets, bands, wires, elastics, and other appliances and attachments worn intra-orally provide a platform for food retention, plaque formation, and then colonization by acidogenic bacteria like Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. This review aims to elaborate and focus on etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment aspect, and future scope for research about the WSLs occurring due to fixed orthodontic treatment.","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141056351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of salivary tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in the initial stages of treatment with fixed appliances and clear aligners","authors":"Sarfraz Hassan, Mukul Shetty, Shravan Shetty, Roopak Naik","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_81_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_81_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To assess and compare the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels in saliva samples during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances (FAs) and clear aligners (CAs).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This longitudinal study comprised 40 patients (22 males, 18 females, mean age 22 ± 7 years) who were categorized into two equal-sized groups. Group A comprised 20 patients treated with FA, and Group B comprised 20 patients treated with CA. Unstimulated saliva was collected before the intiation of treatment and then collected again after the placement of the FA/CA at 24 hrs, 7th day, and on the 21st day in both groups. TNF-α levels were determined through ELISA.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The data were subjected to statistical analysis. For intragroup comparison of TNF-α at different time points, the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was used, and for intergroup comparison of FAs and CAs at different time points, the Mann–Whitney U test was used.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 TNF-α levels in the saliva increased significantly at 24 hours, followed by a decline on the 7th day and 21st day in both groups. Changes in TNF-α levels were significantly higher in the FA group than those in the CA group at different time points.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study showed that the salivary TNF-α levels increased significantly during the initial stages of FA and CA treatment at different time points. The mean salivary TNF-α level in both FA and CA groups increased significantly at 24 hours, followed by a decline on the 7th day and then on the 21st day. There was a significant difference between the FA and CA treatment, where the CAs showed a significantly low level of TNF-α in saliva at different intervals of time when compared to the FAs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141048217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinse in prevention of demineralization during fixed orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"A. Jha, A. V. Mahuli, S. K. Verma, Surender Kumar, Om Prakash, Subia Ekram, Ankita Mathur, Vini Mehta","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_116_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_116_23","url":null,"abstract":"Enamel demineralization is a very common occurrence around bonded brackets in an orthodontic practice. Fluoride (FLR) applications have been used to prevent decalcification and further progression of white spot lesions. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to systematically appraise available literature on the effectiveness of fluoride mouthrinse in the prevention of demineralization around fixed orthodontic appliances. A search was conducted for randomized controlled clinical trials among four electronic databases (MEDLINE, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane Review) through MeSH terms and keywords. Studies were excluded if random allocation was not conducted, or if they were animal or in vitro studies. About 146 articles were screened and 5 studies were selected for the present review. Only two studies were selected for MA due to variations in the measurement of outcomes among studies. This review concluded that rinsing with FLR in the course of the fixed orthodontic treatment lessens demineralization around the bracket. Using FLR mouthrinse to inhibit the formation of white spot lesions or dental caries in patients with multiple cavities or restoration can be considered in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"45 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141025804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between orthodontic and orthopaedic interventions in the influence of postural position on the bite","authors":"Vladislav Kiosse","doi":"10.4103/jos.jos_207_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jos.jos_207_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 In orthodontic treatment, the influence of posture on the bite plays a significant role in achieving stable results. With modern lifestyles, posture problems are becoming more common. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze the relationship between orthodontics, orthopedics, and the influence of posture on bite. The study reviewed statistics on the growth and popularity of orthodontic treatment methods and identified the importance of a comprehensive medical approach, especially for concomitant spine, posture, and flat feet problems.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The following methods were used to achieve the objective: collection and analysis of statistical data on the popularity of orthodontic treatment; review of studies; clinical observations; and a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different treatment methods.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study revealed a high degree of correlation between orthodontics, orthopedics, and the effect of posture on bite formation. A detailed analysis of the statistical data confirmed the increased interest in orthodontic treatment, including the use of modern technologies such as braces and eliners. This relevance is particularly noticeable in cases where there are concomitant problems with the spine, posture, and flat feet.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 One of the significant findings of the study was the confirmation of the urgent need for the convergence of orthodontic and orthopedic techniques to optimize the quality of care for patients suffering from combined posture and bite problems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16604,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Orthodontic Science","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141044324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}