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The Journal of Civic Information最新文献

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Dark Clouds: Can Government Agencies Evade Public-Records Laws by Storing Documents in Privately Owned Digital Portals? 乌云密布：政府机构能否通过在私人拥有的数字门户网站中存储文件来规避公共记录法？
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.32473/joci.5.4.135024
Frank LoMonte
{"title":"Dark Clouds: Can Government Agencies Evade Public-Records Laws by Storing Documents in Privately Owned Digital Portals?","authors":"Frank LoMonte","doi":"10.32473/joci.5.4.135024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.5.4.135024","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines government officials using privately owned communication portals to exchange messages, asserting that documents do not become public records if government agencies avoid taking possession of them. This may be defensible under the literal wording of some state public records statutes, but it is inconsistent with the remedial good-government purposes of those laws. The use of private “cloud portals” raises tricky practical problems, since a private custodian may be beyond the reach of state FOI statutes or records-retention requirements. For this reason, the author recommends, states should consider banning public employees from conducting business on platforms that are not built for retaining and producing their communications.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"108 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139133817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Owning the Police: Crime Data, Copyright, and Public Information 拥有警察：犯罪数据、版权和公共信息
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.32473/joci.5.3.134941
A.Jay Wagner
{"title":"Owning the Police: Crime Data, Copyright, and Public Information","authors":"A.Jay Wagner","doi":"10.32473/joci.5.3.134941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.5.3.134941","url":null,"abstract":"Online crime maps, which plot law enforcement crime data, promise to promote civic engagement and increase government transparency. This study reviewed the websites of the 250 largest U.S. cities and found 65% host or link to a crime map, and that 116 police departments entered into agreements with crime mapping companies that provide the companies preferred or exclusive access to local crime data, curtailing public access and use. This study examines the legal tactics used by commercial mapping companies to maintain information control, explores recent examples of legal battles over the data, and proposes solutions, including targeted public record law amendments, parallel access, and a generalized right of access.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139198562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Brechner Freedom of Information Project 布莱希纳信息自由项目
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.32473/joci.5.2.134305
David Cuillier
{"title":"The Brechner Freedom of Information Project","authors":"David Cuillier","doi":"10.32473/joci.5.2.134305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.5.2.134305","url":null,"abstract":"Editor David Cuillier discusses his transition to Director of the Brechner Freedom of Information Project at the University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications, including feedback he received from more than 50 interviews and an online survey on what the Brechner Center should focus on in the future.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123008866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Informed Dissent: Toward a Constitutional Right to Know 知情异议:走向宪法知情权
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2023-06-20 DOI: 10.32473/joci.5.2.132548
Martin E. Halstuk, Benjamin W. Cramer
{"title":"Informed Dissent: Toward a Constitutional Right to Know","authors":"Martin E. Halstuk, Benjamin W. Cramer","doi":"10.32473/joci.5.2.132548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.5.2.132548","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that the American judiciary should recognize a constitutional right of access to government information, or more forcefully a “right to know”, for purposes of achieving the self-government that was envisioned by the Founding Fathers. This in turn will subject political leaders to the “consent of the governed” that was also envisioned by the nation’s early theorists. While no such right is stated explicitly in the Constitution, a right to know is implied by Congressional investigative responsibilities that are delineated in the Constitution, particularly in Article II; the idea is also supported by numerous Supreme Court precedents on the rights of citizens to access information on government activities, either directly by request or indirectly via the press, which itself has important privileges and responsibilities granted by the First Amendment. A constitutional right to know has also been theorized by several influential First Amendment scholars. \u0000This article’s thesis builds upon the consent of the governed ideal advanced by philosopher John Locke, whose influence on the Founding Fathers is well documented. The consent of the governed requires access to information, thus leading to the informed consent that must be acknowledged by political leaders who operate under the oversight of the public. Furthermore, this article argues that informed consent can encourage informed dissent, or the ability of citizens to criticize unsatisfactory leaders and to call for change in the press and at the ballot box. In more precise terms, information leads to thought, which leads to the speech and expression that is protected by the First Amendment, which then leads to informed dissent, and finally to political action. This process, fueled by obtainable government-held information, enables the self-government that is at the heart of the American Constitution. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132414965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deadly Details: Why Journalists Need Access to Government-Held Information on Homicide 致命的细节:为什么记者需要获得政府掌握的杀人信息
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32473/joci.5.1.133122
Amanda R. Marino
{"title":"Deadly Details: Why Journalists Need Access to Government-Held Information on Homicide","authors":"Amanda R. Marino","doi":"10.32473/joci.5.1.133122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.5.1.133122","url":null,"abstract":"Freedom of information laws are vital to a free and functioning press, but their execution has mixed results, particularly when dealing with government-held information on homicide in the form of mass shootings and police killings of unarmed people of color. This study considers what FOI laws look like regarding access to homicide records, provides a case analysis of four states as examples of the varying types of FOI laws, and provides  recommendations for how to improve both the laws and their execution nationwide for enhanced police transparency.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129771253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Policing the Police: The Need for Law Enforcement Transparency 管理警察:执法透明的必要性
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.32473/joci.5.1.133121
David Cuillier
{"title":"Policing the Police: The Need for Law Enforcement Transparency","authors":"David Cuillier","doi":"10.32473/joci.5.1.133121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.5.1.133121","url":null,"abstract":"More and more research indicates increased difficulty in the public acquiring information about mass shootings, police misconduct, prisons, and other law enforcement actions in the United States. This editor's note calls for more attention to studies that explore the state of law enforcement transparency, and methods for better informing the public.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122029897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Home Address Exemptions in State FOI Laws 州信息自由法中的家庭住址豁免
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.32473/joci.4.4.132763
J. Gil, Robert A. H. Smith, K. Badr
{"title":"Home Address Exemptions in State FOI Laws","authors":"J. Gil, Robert A. H. Smith, K. Badr","doi":"10.32473/joci.4.4.132763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.4.4.132763","url":null,"abstract":"As more people express concerns about physical threats and harassment, state governments have responded by exempting home addresses from public disclosure. This survey of state open records law found that exemptions are common for public employees, law enforcement agents, victims and minors, and that general privacy exemptions are often – but not always – interpreted to withhold home addresses from release. Confidentiality programs for victims of domestic violence and sexual offenses have been instituted in 45 states, with more states considering proposals. While balancing tests for personal privacy may slow down records release, they can help prevent the wholesale closure of records and allow journalists to report on important issues related to home addresses.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129640961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Home Address Exemptions are the Wrong Approach in Protecting Privacy 家庭住址豁免是保护隐私的错误方法
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2022-12-31 DOI: 10.32473/joci.4.4.132762
David Cuillier
{"title":"Home Address Exemptions are the Wrong Approach in Protecting Privacy","authors":"David Cuillier","doi":"10.32473/joci.4.4.132762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.4.4.132762","url":null,"abstract":"This commentary lays out six reasons why broad exemptions for home addresses in public records laws do little to protect people's privacy and hinder the ability for journalists, businesses and others to serve society. These exemptions are based on fear-inspiring anecdotes, provide the public a false sense of security, ignore the fact home addresses are available elsewhere to those with means and motivation, lead to a slippery slope toward crimininalization of publication, restrict legitimate use of home addresses, and do not pass intermediate scrutiny that one might apply to other restrictions on information gathering. Instead of restricting valuable information, policy makers should focus their efforts on the actual harmful acts intended to be addressed, such as identity theft, doxing, harassment and assault.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128993848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Freedom of Information Law in Action: From Global Explosion to Erosion in the Realm of Government Transparency 信息自由法在行动:从政府透明领域的全球爆炸到侵蚀
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.32473/joci.4.3.132656
Bilguundari Enkhtugs, Kevin Walby
{"title":"Freedom of Information Law in Action: From Global Explosion to Erosion in the Realm of Government Transparency","authors":"Bilguundari Enkhtugs, Kevin Walby","doi":"10.32473/joci.4.3.132656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.4.3.132656","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing from 63 reports from journalists and non-governmental agencies spanning 25 countries, we qualitatively examine regressive trends that erode freedom of information laws. We elaborate on elements associated with FOI policy transfer successes and failures using Dolowitz and Marsh’s framework for policy transfer. We also identify factors limiting the effectiveness of FOI laws and elaborate on the enactment of other laws that undermine FOI, which we interpret using Ericson’s (2007) notion of counter-law (laws that undermine other laws). We reflect on what these findings mean for transparency, and we contemplate other strategies for gaining access to government records to foster public engagement in civic affairs.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128114316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Need for Longitudinal Research in Information Access 信息获取纵向研究的必要性
The Journal of Civic Information Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.32473/joci.4.3.132657
David Cuillier
{"title":"A Need for Longitudinal Research in Information Access","authors":"David Cuillier","doi":"10.32473/joci.4.3.132657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32473/joci.4.3.132657","url":null,"abstract":"Great strides have been made in freedom of information (FOI) research, but the next step is developing a consistent, systematic measure of on-the-ground FOI compliance across varying jurisdictions, and the resources to make it happen over time. Longitudinal, accurate data could help the FOI community and policy makers improve the public information process to empower citizens and strengthen government accountability.","PeriodicalId":165927,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Civic Information","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115882305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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