Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism最新文献

{"title":"Can Following Paleolithic and Mediterranean Diets Reduce the Risk of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study on Iranian Women.","authors":"Behzad Zamani,&nbsp;Mobina Zeinalabedini,&nbsp;Ensieh Nasli Esfahani,&nbsp;Leila Azadbakht","doi":"10.1155/2023/2226104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2226104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psychiatric disorders have been a challenge for public health and will bring economic problems to individuals and healthcare systems in the future. One of the important factors that could affect these disorders is diet.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the current study with a cross-sectional design, we investigated the association of Paleolithic and Mediterranean diets with psychological disorders in a sample of adult women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were 435 adult women between 20 and 50 years old that refer to healthcare centers in the south of Tehran, Iran. The diet scores were created by the response to a valid and reliable semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the psychological profile was determined by response to the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was applied to compute the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusted for potential confounders, it is evident that participants in the highest Paleolithic diet tertile had lower odds of depression (OR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.37: <i>P</i> < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.45: <i>P</i> < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.32; <i>P</i> < 0.001) in comparison to the lowest tertile. Furthermore, those in the third tertile of the Mediterranean diet score were at lower risk of depression (OR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.36; <i>P</i> < 0.001), anxiety (OR = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.38; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and stress (OR = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.39; <i>P</i> < 0.001) compared with those in the first tertile.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The result of the current study suggests that greater adherence to Paleolithic and Mediterranean dietary patterns may be related with a decreased risk of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, and stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2226104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10005875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of Plasma BDNF and <i>BDNF</i> Gene Polymorphism with Cardiometabolic Parameters in Thai Children: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Kanjana Suriyaprom,&nbsp;Banchamaphon Pheungruang,&nbsp;Somchai Pooudong,&nbsp;Pumpath Putpadungwipon,&nbsp;Chutima Sirikulchayanonta","doi":"10.1155/2023/9668626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9668626","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Childhood obesity is an important public health crisis worldwide. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been demonstrated to play a role in controlling energy homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To examine brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and anthropometric-cardiometabolic and hematological parameters in obese and nonobese children and to determine whether two <i>BDNF</i> gene polymorphisms (G196A and C270T) are linked to BDNF levels, obesity, and anthropometric-cardiometabolic and hematological parameters among Thai children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-control study included an analysis of 469 Thai children: 279 healthy nonobese and 190 obese children. Anthropometric-cardiometabolic and hematological variables and BDNF levels were measured. Genotyping of <i>BDNF</i> G196A and C270T was performed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children in the obese group had significantly higher white blood cell counts and some cardiometabolic parameters. Although the difference in BDNF level between the nonobese and obese groups was not significant, BDNF level was significantly positively correlated with hematological and cardiometabolic parameters, including blood pressure, triglycerides, and triglycerides and the glucose index. The <i>BDNF</i> G196A polymorphism in children was only associated with decreased systolic blood pressure (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the <i>BDNF</i> C270T polymorphism was found not to be related to BDNF levels, obesity, or other parameters after adjusting for potential covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings in Thai children suggest that obesity is associated with increased cardiometabolic risk factors, but not with BDNF levels or the two <i>BDNF</i> polymorphisms studied, while the <i>BDNF</i> G196A polymorphism is a beneficial marker for controlling blood pressure among Thai children.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"9668626"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10065857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9247381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Western Diet Decreases Hepatic Drug Metabolism in Male LDLr^-/-ApoB^100/100 Mice.","authors":"Markus Koponen,&nbsp;Jaana Rysä,&nbsp;Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen,&nbsp;Olli Kärkkäinen,&nbsp;Risto O Juvonen","doi":"10.1155/2023/5599789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/5599789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumption of a Western diet is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but its effect on the xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme activities in the liver has been studied incompletely. In this study, male LDLr^-/-ApoB^100/100 mice were fed with Western diet (WD) or a standard diet for five months to reveal the effects on drug metabolism such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) oxidation and conjugation activities in the liver. Hepatic steatosis, lobular inflammation, and early fibrosis were observed in WD fed mice, but not in chow diet control mice. When compared to the controls, the WD-fed mice had significantly decreased protein-normalized CYP probe activities of 7-ethoxyresorufinO-deethylation (52%), coumarin 7-hydroxylation (26%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (70%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-6-methoxycoumarin (78%), 7-hydroxylation of 3-(3-methoxyphenyl)coumarin (81%), and pentoxyresorufin O-depentylation (66%). Increased activity was seen significantly in sulfonation of 3-(4-methylphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (289%) and cytosol catechol O-methyltranferase (COMT, 148%) in the WD group when compared to the controls. In conclusion, the WD-induced steatosis in male LDLr^-/-ApoB^100/100 mice was associated with decreased CYP oxidation reactions but had no clear effects on conjugation reactions of glucuronidation, sulfonation, and cytosolic catechol O-methylation. Consequently, the WD may decrease the metabolic elimination of drugs compared to healthier low-fat diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"5599789"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10081903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9283659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Child Stunting, Wasting, and Underweight: Evidence from 2017 to 2018 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey.","authors":"Maryam Siddiqa,&nbsp;Gulzar H Shah,&nbsp;Tilicia L Mayo-Gamble,&nbsp;Amber Zubair","doi":"10.1155/2023/2845133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2845133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Child malnutrition persists in low-resource countries such as Pakistan, indicating an urgent need for interventions and policies aimed to address this critical population health issue. The World Health Organization Global Target 2025 includes the reduction of malnourishment in the form of stunting, wasting, and low weight. This study aims to examine the prevalence of factors associated with three measures of child malnutrition, i.e., stunting, wasting, and low weight in Pakistan. This study uses a secondary data analysis design based on data from Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (2017-18) that used a two-stage cluster sampling approach. National level data covering urban and rural areas were used for this study consisting of 4,226 children less than 5 years of age. Univariate and multivariable analyses using logistic regression models were conducted. Over 23% of the children were underweight, 8.0% suffered wasting, and 37.7% were stunted. Children with small size at birth (<45.7 cm), those who were average in size (45.7 to 60 cm) at birth were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.4890) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children with large size at birth (>60 cm) were also less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.288) and underweight (AOR, 0.538). Children who consumed fresh milk were less likely to be classified as wasted (AOR, 0.524) than those children who did not consume fresh milk. The children in high- and middle-economic status families were less likely to be stunted, underweight, or wasted. Children of mothers who had secondary and higher education were less likely to be stunted (AOR, 0.584) and were less likely to be underweight (AOR, 0.668) than illiterate mothers' children. Children of working mothers were less likely to be wasted compared to children of nonworking mothers (AOR, 0.287). Maternal BMI is also inversely associated with being underweight because overweight and obese mothers were less likely to have underweight children (AOR, 0.585). Our findings reflect a need to design targeted public health policies and community-based education that emphasize the mother's education on nutrition health and provide socioeconomic resources that enable mothers to provide dietary needs that prevent malnutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"2845133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10008110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9113804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micronutrients and Nutrition Status of School-Aged Children in Indonesia.","authors":"Fitrah Ernawati,&nbsp;Efriwati,&nbsp;Nunung Nurjanah,&nbsp;Galih Kusuma Aji,&nbsp;Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini,&nbsp;Yekti Widodo,&nbsp;Fifi Retiaty,&nbsp;Mutiara Prihatini,&nbsp;Aya Yuriestia Arifin,&nbsp;Dian Sundari,&nbsp;Rika Rachmalina,&nbsp;Salimar,&nbsp;Elisa Diana Julianti,&nbsp;Muhammad Nur Aidi,&nbsp;Ahmad Syauqy","doi":"10.1155/2023/4610038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/4610038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Micronutrient deficiencies (MNDs) in school-aged children are still a major health problem in Indonesia. This study was designed to examine the status of micronutrients and their relationship to the nutritional status of children aged 5-12 years since an up-to-date database on the micronutrient status of children aged 5-12 years is needed. Data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) were used in this study, with 2456 subjects for analysis. Micronutrient analysis was carried out, including iron status (ferritin, C reactive protein (CRP)), levels of zinc, vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin A (retinol) in school-aged children (5-12 years). The ELISA measurement was applied to measure CRP, ferritin, and vitamin D. Zinc levels were analysed with atomic absorbance spectroscopy (AAS). Moreover, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied to calculate vitamin A. In addition, stunting and thinness data were also obtained from the Riskesdas study. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting and thinness in school-aged children was 11.4% and 9.2%, respectively, showing that the stunting prevalence in the city was lower than in the village (4.5% vs. 6.9%, <i>P</i> = 0.000, respectively). In addition, the prevalence of MNDs in Indonesian children was 13.4%, 19.7%, 4.2%, 3%, and 12.7% for ferritin, zinc, calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin D, respectively. The mean serum level of vitamin A and zinc was significantly lower in stunted children compared to normal school children (<i>P</i> = 0.010 and <i>P</i> = 0.014). The serum concentration of vitamin D was significantly lower in overweight children compared to thin and normal children (<i>P</i> = 0.000). Serum values of ferritin, zinc, and vitamin A were significantly higher in overweight children compared to thin and normal children (<i>P</i> = 0.000). A poor correlation was observed between the z-score of height-for-age (HAZ) and the levels of zinc (<i>r</i> = 0.089, <i>P</i> = 0.000), vitamin A (<i>r</i> = 0.105, <i>P</i> = 0.000), and vitamin D (-0.073, <i>P</i> = 0.000). In addition, very weak correlations between z-scores of body mass index-for-age (BAZ) and the serum concentrations of ferritin (0.091, <i>P</i> = 0.000), zinc (<i>r</i> = 0.115, <i>P</i> = 0.000), vitamin A (<i>r</i> = 0.137, <i>P</i> = 0.000), and vitamin D (<i>r</i> = -0.112, <i>P</i> = 0.000) were also seen. In conclusion, school-aged children in Indonesia experienced stunting, thinness, and micronutrient deficiency. Furthermore, stunting and thinness were also related to micronutrient deficiencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"4610038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10626454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Adiponectin and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity and in Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Maha Hussein,&nbsp;Aasem Saif,&nbsp;Mona Amin,&nbsp;Osama Khalafallah,&nbsp;Ahmed Hussien,&nbsp;Samar Aboulsoud,&nbsp;Shrook Mousa","doi":"10.1155/2023/6661585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/6661585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>The study included 200 Egyptian subjects. They were divided into four equal groups: group 1: obese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O+/NAFLD+/DM+), group 2: nonobese patients with NAFLD and T2DM (O-/NAFLD+/DM+), group 3: obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD (O+/NAFLD+/DM-), and group 4: nonobese healthy control subjects. Plasma adiponectin was measured using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) technique. Ultrasonography was used to diagnose NAFLD. CIMT was assessed using Doppler ultrasonography. Plasma adiponectin was significantly lower and CIMT was significantly higher in O+/NAFLD+/DM+, as compared with O-/NAFLD+/DM+, O+/NAFLD+/DM-, and control subjects (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). A significant negative correlation was found between adiponectin and CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD (<i>p</i> < 0.05), but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The significant independent predictors of CIMT were diabetes duration, BMI (body mass index), albumin/creatinine ratio, and cholesterol.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plasma adiponectin is inversely correlated with CIMT in obese patients with NAFLD, but not in patients with NAFLD and T2DM. Hypoadiponectinemia could be a good indicator of cardiovascular risk in obese patients with NAFLD, with or without T2DM, but not in nonobese patients with NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2023 ","pages":"6661585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10484655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10276020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine Concentration in Drinking Water in the Same or Different Seasons of the Year in Brazilian Macroregions.","authors":"Carina Aparecida Pinto, Dayane de Castro Morais, Sylvia do Carmo Castro Franceschini, Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro, Edimar Aparecida Filomeno Fontes, Nathália Marcolini Pelucio Pizato, Franciane Rocha de Faria, Renata Junqueira Pereira, Danielle Goés da Silva, Carolina Abreu de Carvalho, Fabiana de Cássia Carvalho Oliveira, Naiara Sperandio, Anderson Marliere Navarro, Sandra Patrícia Crispim, Silvia Eloiza Priore","doi":"10.1155/2022/7227511","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/7227511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the concentration of iodine in drinking water in the same or different seasons of the year in Brazilian macroregions.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Water samples were collected from the Basic Health Units of eight municipalities that make up the different Brazilian macroregions and the Federal District. Sample collection took place in the summer, autumn, winter, and spring seasons. The spectrophotometric method with \"leuco crystal violet\" was used to determine the concentration of iodine in the water. Descriptive statistics on the data were performed. To verify if there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the climatic seasons of the year in the same place and between the same seasons in different locations, the Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test was used and a <i>p</i> < 0.05 value was considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the climatic seasons throughout the year in the same location, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the municipality of Pinhais, state of Paraná/South macroregion, between autumn and summer (<i>p</i>=0.041) and winter and summer seasons (<i>p</i>=0.003). There was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water in the summer season between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Southeast and South (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the autumn season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Midwest and South macroregions; Northeast and Midwest, Southeast and South; North and Midwest, Northeast and South (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the winter season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In the spring season, there was a difference in the concentration of iodine in the water between the Southeast and Midwest and Southeast and South macroregions (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There were differences in the iodine concentrations in drinking water in different locations in Brazil, when analyzed in the same seasons, and in the municipality of Pinhais between the autumn and summer and winter and summer seasons. Thus, it is suggested to monitor the iodine concentrations in water, considering the differences in climate, characteristics of each region, and soils throughout the Brazilian territory, since the deficiency or excess of iodine can bring risks to the health of the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"1 1","pages":"7227511"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11401693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appropriate Timing and Type of Physical Training in Patients with COVID-19 for Muscle Health and Quality of Life: A Systematic Review","authors":"I. Aryana, S. Setiati, I. Paulus, D. Daniella","doi":"10.1155/2022/6119593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6119593","url":null,"abstract":"Physical activity is beneficial to modulate immune system function and has inverse relationship to ARDS linked with SARS-CoV-2. Physical activity consists of daily activity and physical training. Studies regarding effect of physical training on patients with COVID-19 are controversial. This systematic review aims to investigate physical training on muscle health and QOL in patients with COVID-19. The literature review was carried out using keywords: (Exercise) AND (COVID) AND (Muscle) AND (Observational Study) in several databases of PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All references were reviewed using critical appraisal Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (CEBM) checklist. The studies were subsequently screened for reporting exercise, muscle, and COVID-19. The descriptions of the extracted data are guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) statement with GRADE approach. This study is registered in PROSPERO: ID CRD42021295188. Six studies pooled and entered review synthesis. Studies were reviewed using critical appraisal by NOS and CEBM. Two clinical trial studies and four observational designs were selected. Our result showed physical training improved patients' outcomes in the acute phase, critical phase, and post-COVID-19 phase. Multiple types of physical trainings were suggested by those studies, and most of them showed beneficial effects to patients with COVID-19 in different phases. The level of evidence by GRADE was downgraded, and further investigations are needed to establish guidelines and strong recommendation for a specific stage of COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47420871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Human Intestinal Microbiota with Lifestyle Activity, Adiposity, and Metabolic Profiles in Thai Children with Obesity","authors":"C. Visuthranukul, S. Sriswasdi, Surapun Tepaamorndech, Y. Joyjinda, Puthita Saengpanit, Tanisa Kwanbunbumpen, Ekkarit Panichsillaphakit, Jaraspong Uaariyapanichkul, S. Chomtho","doi":"10.1155/2022/3029582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3029582","url":null,"abstract":"Background Dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota may be linked to pathogenesis of obesity and metabolic disorders. Objective This study compared the gut microbiome of obese Thai children with that of healthy controls and examined their relationships with host lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic profiles. Methods This cross-sectional study enrolled obese children aged 7–15. Body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Stool samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity were compared with normal-weight Thai children from a previous publication using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOSIM. Relationships of gut microbiota with lifestyle activity, body composition, and metabolic profiles were assessed by canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and Spearman correlation. Results The study enrolled 164 obese children with a male percentage of 59%. Mean age was 10.4 ± 2.2 years with a BMI z-score of 3.2 ± 1. The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were found to be lower in obese children compared to nonobese children. Alpha-diversity indices showed no differences between groups, while beta-diversity revealed significant differences in the family and genus levels. CCA revealed significant correlations of the relative abundance of gut microbial phyla with sedentary lifestyle and certain metabolic markers. Univariate analysis revealed that Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium were positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with body weight and screen time. Additionally, Actinobacteria was also negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. Lactobacillus showed positive correlation with acanthosis nigricans and adiposity. Cooccurrence analysis revealed 90 significant bacterial copresence and mutual exclusion interactions among 43 genera in obese children, whereas only 2 significant cooccurrences were found in nonobese children. Conclusions The composition and diversity of gut microbiota in obese Thai children were different from those of their normal-weight peers. Specific gut microbiota were associated with lifestyle, adiposity, and metabolic features in obese children. An interventional study is needed to support causality between specific gut microbiota and obesity.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":"2022 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41423659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Consumption among Various University Students in the UAE, Exploring the Frequencies, Different Sources and Reporting Adverse Effects and Withdrawal Symptoms","authors":"Z. Kharaba, Nour Sammani, Samar Ashour, R. Ghemrawi, Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani, Ahmad Al-Azayzih, M. Buabeid, Y. Alfoteih","doi":"10.1155/2022/5762299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5762299","url":null,"abstract":"Background Caffeine is widely consumed among students due to its cognitive and physical enhancing effects. However, little is known about the consumption pattern of different caffeinated products among university students in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aim To investigate the frequency of caffeine consumption among the young population of students, assess types of caffeinated products consumed, and document adverse effects and withdrawal symptoms experienced by university students. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the UAE from December 2019 to March 2020. A random sample of 500 university students from different universities in the UAE were approached and asked to complete a self-administered online-based questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Results Of (n = 500) surveyed students, (n = 467) completed the survey 93.4%. The average level of caffeine consumption was significantly higher in females compared to male students (p < 0.005). Coffee was the highest favored source of caffeine (67.7%) followed by tea (47.3%). The average daily intake of caffeine was found to be 264 mg/day. Surprisingly, almost a third of students reported a high level of daily consumption (>400 mg/day) and more than half of them consumed less than 199 mg/day. Large proportions of students 91.1% have their caffeinated beverage after or while eating meals and 42.8% considered that this habit helped in avoiding acid reflux. Interestingly, around one third of participants have poor knowledge of caffeine-containing medical products, which seemed to affect the level of consumption in the student population (p < 0.05). The highest reported reason for caffeine intake was for studying purposes (59.4%). Conclusion Caffeine consumption is highly prevalent among university students in the UAE. Yet, there is insufficiency in the current knowledge of safe caffeine consumption patterns reflecting the importance of health awareness programs and nutritional lectures to decrease the long-term health issues and unintentional overdose of caffeine.","PeriodicalId":16587,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44157900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}