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Plasma diagnosis in the IGNITEX experiment IGNITEX实验中的血浆诊断
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166278
W. Booth, R. Bickerton, R. Carrera, G. Hallock
{"title":"Plasma diagnosis in the IGNITEX experiment","authors":"W. Booth, R. Bickerton, R. Carrera, G. Hallock","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166278","url":null,"abstract":"The plasma diagnostics for the proposed ignition experiment IGNITEX are presented. The IGNITEX device will be a compact, ohmically heated tokamak. The objective is to produce an ignited D-T plasma for scientific study in a cost-effective way, using very high (20 T) toroidal magnetic fields. The field will be provided by a single-turn copper coil that completely encloses the plasma vessel limiting access to the plasma for diagnostics. The diagnostics for the experiments are divided into two categories. The initial set, used in the preignited phase, includes a Thomson scattering system for electron temperature measurements, a far-infrared interferometer for electron density measurements, a set of spectrometers (visible and UV) for impurity studies, a set of magnetic pickup coils for basic plasma parameter monitoring and feedback control, and an electron-cyclotron-emission system for additional electron temperature measurement. The diagnostics for use during the ignited phase must be hardened against radiation damage. The set is the same as specified above with some modifications. Two additional types of diagnostics will be added during the ignited phase to monitor the fusion products (neutrons and alpha particles).<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122224088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Laboratory experiments and computer simulations of the interaction of plasmas with rapidly charged objects 等离子体与快速带电物体相互作用的实验室实验和计算机模拟
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166057
J. Borovsky
{"title":"Laboratory experiments and computer simulations of the interaction of plasmas with rapidly charged objects","authors":"J. Borovsky","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166057","url":null,"abstract":"The temporal nature of the particle fluxes to conducting objects that are placed in low-density plasmas and then subjected to fast voltage pulses have been studied. Experimental measurements of the plasma return currents have been compared with theoretical predictions and with estimates of the currents obtained from particle-in-cell computer simulations. By means of the computer simulations, the temporal nature of the kinetic-energy distribution of plasma electrons and ions striking the rapidly biased objects has been examined. By means of computer simulations and laboratory experiments, the perturbations to the plasma by the rapidly charged objects have been studied. These perturbations include density cavity formation very near the objects, caused by particle absorption and particle acceleration, and cavitation away from the objects, driven by the oscillating two-stream instability.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114171785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Characterization of the time-evolution of a microsecond electron beam diode with anode effects 具有阳极效应的微秒电子束二极管的时间演化特性
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166130
M. Cuneo, R. Gilgenbach, M. Brake, C. L. Enloe, J. Miller, T. Repetti
{"title":"Characterization of the time-evolution of a microsecond electron beam diode with anode effects","authors":"M. Cuneo, R. Gilgenbach, M. Brake, C. L. Enloe, J. Miller, T. Repetti","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166130","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only. The time evolution of a low-aspect-ratio, microsecond-pulse-length, electron beam diode with anode plasmas, operating at initial current densities of approximately=100 A/cm/sup 2/, has been studied using a variety of experimental and empirical techniques. Of particular interest in this study was the observation of a transition to a roughly constant impedance regime. Very rapid cathode plasma closure velocities from 8-11 cm/s were observed. This expansion led to rapid self-filling of the diode, principally on-axis, causing dense plasma formation from the anode and resulting in the observed impedance characteristics. Due to the low-aspect-ratio diode design, many kiloamperes of electron current were still emitted, which interacted with the plasma that filled the diode from both the cathode and anode. Before self-filling, a low-effective-charge cathode plasma was observed, consisting almost exclusively of components derived from the hydrocarbon surface impurities. Evidence for cathode plasma instabilities was also noted. After self-filling, evidence for a beam-plasma interaction leading to RF emission, beam filamentation, and collective effects was suggested.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121499352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Nuclear radiation analysis of the IGNITEX experiment IGNITEX实验的核辐射分析
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166020
D. Palmrose, T. Parish, R. Carrera, N. Hertel, G. Miller
{"title":"Nuclear radiation analysis of the IGNITEX experiment","authors":"D. Palmrose, T. Parish, R. Carrera, N. Hertel, G. Miller","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166020","url":null,"abstract":"The fusion ignition experiment IGNITEX is designed to produce DT-ignited plasmas for scientific study inexpensively. The IGNITEX device will use a single-turn, toroidal field magnet and will rely solely on ohmic heating for obtaining ignition conditions. One-dimensional transport calculations using ANISN and the CLAW-IV cross-section library have been performed to determine the neutron and prompt photon fluxes throughout the IGNITEX device. The REAC2 activation and decay code has been used to calculate activation, decay heat, and photon source from radioactive decay. The time-dependent radioactive material inventories from REAC 2 were also used to specify the photon source for ANISN calculations to estimate the dose rate at various positions inside and outside the device as a function of operating history. The results of the radiation transport analyses indicate several desirable features for IGNITEX. All of the long-lived activation products will meet the criteria for disposal as low-level waste by orders of magnitude. Activation of air is lower than that predicted for other ignition experiments in which the plasma column is not shielded by the magnets. The location of the cryostat on the outside of the thick copper coil reduces liquid nitrogen activation and makes tritium production in the cryostat negligible. The area just outside of the magnet should be accessible for maintenance after two days of decay.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116473504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-energy photon spectra from a tungsten plasma flow switch experiment 钨等离子体流量开关实验的高能光子光谱
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166153
J. Davis, S. Coffey, J. Degnan, D. Price
{"title":"High-energy photon spectra from a tungsten plasma flow switch experiment","authors":"J. Davis, S. Coffey, J. Degnan, D. Price","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166153","url":null,"abstract":"An array of silicon diodes with appropriate K-edge filters was used to determine the high-energy (6-500 keV) photon spectra of a high-temperature tungsten plasma using a 4.6-MJ, 83-kV plasma flow switch. The detector array used ten different filter material/thickness combinations. The observed X-ray emission had a duration of >600 ns (FWHM at 350 ns), with the peak X-ray power occurring approximately 250 ns after the peak of the voltage spike. The X-ray spectra deconvolved from observed detector signals indicated a peak power of approximately 325 MW above 8 keV with a peak plasma temperature of 46 keV from an exponential fit to the spectra above 20 keV.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114928797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The potassium atom density distribution and plasma temperature profile in an MHD channel MHD通道中钾原子密度分布和等离子体温度分布
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166040
Y. Aoki, H. Kitagawa, K. Sumi, S. Oikawa, N. Kayukawa, H. Yamazaki
{"title":"The potassium atom density distribution and plasma temperature profile in an MHD channel","authors":"Y. Aoki, H. Kitagawa, K. Sumi, S. Oikawa, N. Kayukawa, H. Yamazaki","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166040","url":null,"abstract":"The value of the natural damping ratio, a', which is needed to calculate the density, N/sub k/, of potassium atoms in a magnetohydrodynamic plasma, has been determined experimentally. The choice of measurement frequency is discussed. The results showed that N/sub k/ in an ethyl-alcohol combustion plasma in which the potassium atom is 1 wt.% of the total components and at a temperature between 1700 and 2300 K is within the range 10/sup 22/-10/sup 23/ m/sup -3/. Since the total particle count in the combustion gas plasma is 3*10/sup 24/ approximately 4*10/sup 24/ m/sup -3/ in the above temperature range, the mol fraction of the potassium atoms as a percentage of the total components is 5*10/sup -3/ approximately 3*10/sup -2/. This value is much larger than the mol fraction of potassium atoms obtained under conditions of chemical reaction equilibrium. This is considered to be the chief cause of water drops during experiments and greatly influences the optical measurement of solid-state seed materials.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115338269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Relativistic electron beam transport in high pressure gases: a warm fluid treatment of nose physics 高压气体中的相对论电子束输运:鼻物理的热流体处理
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166076
R. Roubaud, P. Maggi-Videlaine
{"title":"Relativistic electron beam transport in high pressure gases: a warm fluid treatment of nose physics","authors":"R. Roubaud, P. Maggi-Videlaine","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166076","url":null,"abstract":"At the beam head of an ultrarelativistic electron beam propagating through an initially neutral dense gas, the radial defocusing electrostatic force is nearly cancelled by the self-magnetic pinching force. The beam head is thus almost force fee and suffers Nordsieck expansion at a rate governed by the beam emittance. Downstream, owing to the axial inductive electric field driven in the secondary plasma, beam electrons lose energy and spread out. This ohmic erosion combines with that of Nordsieck. The authors have carried out a numerical study of the beam. The warm fluid treatment of the nose physics allows the beam to have its profile distorted while being less time consuming than a particle code.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116423452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Simple reflection in an ionizing gas cloud 电离气体云中的简单反射
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166240
H. Rappaport, P. Latham, C. Striffler
{"title":"Simple reflection in an ionizing gas cloud","authors":"H. Rappaport, P. Latham, C. Striffler","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166240","url":null,"abstract":"Mode conversion theory has been applied to one-dimensional reflection in a time-varying inhomogeneous plasma, and numerical results have been obtained. Degenerate mode conversion, i.e. mode conversion between two eigenvectors of a plasma dispersion tensor with the same eigenvalues, can be analyzed using the same techniques as for nondegenerate mode conversion by adding several Maxwell two-fluid unknowns and equations into an initial description of the problem. This procedure has been applied to simple reflection in a slowly varying plasma with no magnetic field. Numerical methods permit evaluation of electric field in a time- and space-varying plasma without the use of mode-coupling theory. A finite-difference code was used to solve for field profiles in a one-dimensional gas cell with a slowly varying plasma density. Results have been obtained above and below the plasma critical density. They have been applied to microwave breakdown in the atmosphere.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115373997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fourier transform mass spectrometry in an ECR plasma ECR等离子体的傅里叶变换质谱分析
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166244
J. Shohet, J. Friedmann, A. Wendt, J. Brenna
{"title":"Fourier transform mass spectrometry in an ECR plasma","authors":"J. Shohet, J. Friedmann, A. Wendt, J. Brenna","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166244","url":null,"abstract":"Consideration has been given to the use of Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) to provide in-situ mass measurements of active species in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma reactor. An ECR plasma was produced in a vacuum chamber placed inside a DC magnetic mirror field by microwaves whose power level could be adjusted up to 2 kW CW. The electron cyclotron resonance was adjusted to be approximately 25% of the distance from the throat of the mirror to the mid-plane of the vacuum chamber. The mirror ratio was 2:1, the operating gas was argon, and the pressure was set to 2*10/sup -4/ torr. FTMS took place in a cubical cell placed in the center of the magnetic mirror region where the magnetic field was most uniform.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124307548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Basis: setting the scientist free 基础:释放科学家
IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science Pub Date : 1989-05-22 DOI: 10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166262
P. Dubois
{"title":"Basis: setting the scientist free","authors":"P. Dubois","doi":"10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLASMA.1989.166262","url":null,"abstract":"Basis is a program development system for scientific programs. The Basis system includes two major components, a program development system and a runtime package. The runtime package provides the Basis language interpreter, through which the user does input, output, and plotting, and controls the program's subroutines and functions. Variables in the scientific packages are known to this interpreter, so that the user may arbitrarily print, plot, and calculate with any major program variables. Also provided are facilities for dynamic memory management, terminal logs, error recovery, text-file I/O, and the attachment of non-Basis-developed packages. A Basis program consists of the runtime system with zero or more independently developed packages attached. A configuration program controls which packages are loaded together to make the program. Thus, different portions of the program can be developed separately, and packages can be reused from one program to another.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":165717,"journal":{"name":"IEEE 1989 International Conference on Plasma Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125261243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
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