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Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)最新文献

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Electrical safety by design 电气安全设计
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806455
Oaleep Mohla, LBruce McClung, N. Rafferty
{"title":"Electrical safety by design","authors":"Oaleep Mohla, LBruce McClung, N. Rafferty","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806455","url":null,"abstract":"This paper defines and emphasizes the concept of \"Safety by Design\" and outlines suggestions for consideration and application by designers, engineers, manufacturers and users of low, medium and high voltage power equipment as well as control equipment to enhance the safety of personnel, equipment and facility. The \"Safety by Design\" concept encourages all concerned to consider and optimize design ideas to complement and supplement the regulatory and code requirements for enhancement of electrical safety at industrial and commercial installations. \"Safety by Design\" reduces the need to develop, implement and monitor many procedures for administrative controls required to protect personnel from electrical hazards such as arc flash and shock. It facilitates operators and electricians to perform many of their tasks in a safe manner without the burden of special permits and personal protective equipment resulting in cost savings due to reduced time requirements for performing such tasks safely. The \"Safety by Design\" minimizes risk taking while operating and maintaining electrical facilities. In short, \"Safety by Design\" may be interpreted as \"designing for reduced exposure of injury to personnel\". Emphasis is placed on properly designed and constructed engineering solutions rather than administrative procedures or protective clothing to eliminate, reduce and guard against personnel exposure as the first line of defense against any potential safety risk to personnel.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129643613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
21st Century petrochemical electrical practices-API RP 540 fourth edition 21世纪石油化工电气实践api RP 540第四版
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806449
T. Griffith, M. Toney
{"title":"21st Century petrochemical electrical practices-API RP 540 fourth edition","authors":"T. Griffith, M. Toney","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806449","url":null,"abstract":"API RP 540 Electrical Installations in Petroleum Processing Plants has long been a document used to unify the many electrical standards and practices used in the various petroleum and chemical industries. It has also served as a valuable tutorial and guidebook. This paper highlights the changes and new developments in 11 areas of petrochemical practice, making API RP 540 an indispensable 21st Century electrical tool.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115909889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Smoother and more economic operation of gas pipelines 输气管道运行更平稳、更经济
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806439
G. Venkataramanan, U. Basu, P. Linden, E. Ferber
{"title":"Smoother and more economic operation of gas pipelines","authors":"G. Venkataramanan, U. Basu, P. Linden, E. Ferber","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806439","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas transmission lines transport large quantities of natural gas across long distances. The analysis of these pipelines is very complex and the day to day operations leave little time for optimization. This paper details techniques that can be used to optimize gas pipelines online.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125953312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
New life for old thyristor power rectifiers using contemporary digital control 使用现代数字控制的旧晶闸管功率整流器的新生命
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806435
P. Buddingh, J. St. Mars
{"title":"New life for old thyristor power rectifiers using contemporary digital control","authors":"P. Buddingh, J. St. Mars","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806435","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents information on a control and monitoring system retrofit of two unreliable 1978 14 MW rectifiers used in a sodium chlorate plant. Reasons for the upgrade and expectations of the new system are discussed. Alternate solutions considered and the rationale supporting the choices made are reviewed. The paper summarizes the project from the initial investigation through the design process and selection of equipment. Justification of the expenditure, issues of mating old and new equipment, problems overcome during the implementation and the lessons learned are described. In closing, the suitability of this approach for other rectifier installations is addressed.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125904241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
An analytical approach to solving motor vibration problems 解决电机振动问题的解析方法
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806440
W. Finley, M. Hodowanec, W.G. Holter
{"title":"An analytical approach to solving motor vibration problems","authors":"W. Finley, M. Hodowanec, W.G. Holter","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806440","url":null,"abstract":"Vibration problems in induction motors can be extremely frustrating and may lead to greatly reduced reliability. It is imperative, in all operations and manufacturing processes that down time is avoided or minimized. If a problem does occur the source of the problem is quickly identified and corrected. With proper knowledge and diagnostic procedures, it is normally possible to quickly pinpoint the cause of the vibration. All too often erroneous conclusions are reached as a consequence of not understanding the root cause of the vibration. This may result in trying to fix an incorrectly diagnosed problem, spending a significant amount of time and money in the process. By utilizing the proper data collection and analysis techniques, the true source of the vibration can be discovered. This includes, but is not limited to: electrical imbalance; mechanical unbalance-motor, coupling, or driven equipment; mechanical effects-looseness, rubbing, bearings, etc., external effects-base, driven equipment, misalignment, etc., resonance, critical speeds, reed critical etc. Once the electrical and mechanical interactions in a motor are understood, and the influence external components have on the apparent motor vibration, identification of the offending component is usually straightforward. This paper provides an analytical approach for expeditiously understanding and solving these types of problems.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121751025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 254
The first zone classified oil and gas facility in North America 北美第一个区域分类油气设施
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806420
W. McBride, H. Bockle, J.H. Kuczka
{"title":"The first zone classified oil and gas facility in North America","authors":"W. McBride, H. Bockle, J.H. Kuczka","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806420","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the Alpine Project, distinguished as the first major new complete oil production facility in North America to utilize the Zone method of area classification. The challenge for everyone involved in all aspects of this project was that it is the first project of its type in North America using National Electrical Code (NEC) Article 505 for Zones. Insight is provided covering the decision making process that led to the use of the Zone Classification System, as well as the opportunities, challenges and problems encountered in implementation of the use of products using the protection techniques for the Zone System. The authors provide the experiences of the owner, design engineering firms, manufacturers, approval agencies, constructors and the authority having jurisdiction. They share lessons learned throughout the design and construction and make recommendations for users who may be considering the use of Zone Classifications as well as make suggestions concerning future proposals to improve requirements to the NEC.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126463105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Lightning protection systems: an update and a discredited method vindicated 防雷系统:一个更新和一个不可信的方法证明
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806422
D. Zipse
{"title":"Lightning protection systems: an update and a discredited method vindicated","authors":"D. Zipse","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806422","url":null,"abstract":"The end may be near for the two hundred year old method of using a Franklin rod to collect, control and convey to earth the awesome and destructive power of lightning. The side effects of allowing thousands of amperes to flow adjacent to and near computers and sensitive electronic equipment can be considered foolhardy and costly. The Charge Transfer System of preventing lightning strikes to protected areas is a valid concept and will replace the Franklin rod method in many applications. The changes that are occurring with lightning protection technology include the renewed debate over sharp pointed versus blunt rods. The advent of a method for the detection and measuring the magnitude of lightning strikes is replacing the old isokeraunic level charts. Promulgation of a standard for Early Streamer Emission, prevented by what can be considered as an act of restraint of trade, has resulted in legal action being taken against the National Fire Protection Association and others.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132929321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Stator winding failures: contamination, surface discharge, tracking 定子绕组故障:污染，表面放电，跟踪
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806452
J. Dymond, N. Stranges, K. Younsi
{"title":"Stator winding failures: contamination, surface discharge, tracking","authors":"J. Dymond, N. Stranges, K. Younsi","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806452","url":null,"abstract":"Stator winding failures are generally attributed to groundwall or turn insulation failures. The failure mechanism involves the gradual development of a weakness in the insulation. This weakness is usually caused by a trapped void that is continuously enlarging due to ever increasing corona or partial discharge activity. The failure mode is from the inside out. Studies of failures in actual machines, and of coils on voltage endurance testing, indicate that failures can occur from the outside inward. Surface contamination leads to intense surface discharge and tracking. This surface discharge can lead to rapid winding failure following the inward motion of the corona activity. This paper looks at tracking as one failure mechanism and describes a series of tests on standard insulation materials aimed at comparing the anti-tracking capability of the materials. The tests show that combinations of insulation materials can reduce the anti-tracking capacity of a rather robust insulation system and predispose it to failure.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"02 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116849893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Installation techniques and practices of IEC hazardous area equipment "The nuts and bolts of a good installation" IEC危险区域设备安装技术和规程《良好安装的螺母和螺栓》
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806444
P. Babiarz, T. Pearson, B. Stephenson, G. Schwarz, R. Carlson
{"title":"Installation techniques and practices of IEC hazardous area equipment \"The nuts and bolts of a good installation\"","authors":"P. Babiarz, T. Pearson, B. Stephenson, G. Schwarz, R. Carlson","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806444","url":null,"abstract":"The world standards for classifying hazardous areas are now closely harmonized. Future projects designs and products will have NEC, CEC and IEC ratings and approvals. This paper begins to sort out the nuts-and-bolts issues that an electrical designer and construction engineer will need to understand in order to properly design, install, wire and terminate an IEC type project. The topics that are addressed include installation techniques, wiring methods with cabling and conduit, lighting practices, and terminating armored cables in metallic and nonmetallic enclosures. The end product serves as a preliminary guide for engineers who need a thorough reference to design and install electrical equipment in areas outside of North America.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128834755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Specifying DC chopper systems for electrochemical applications 指定用于电化学应用的直流斩波系统
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806433
P.S. Maniscalco, V. Scaini, W. Veerkamp
{"title":"Specifying DC chopper systems for electrochemical applications","authors":"P.S. Maniscalco, V. Scaini, W. Veerkamp","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806433","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with information that customers, suppliers and consultants should consider when specifying a high current DC chopper system. It deals with specification of the major components such as transformers, rectifiers, unregulated DC distribution bus, disconnect switches, choppers and cooling systems.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122240053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
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