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Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)最新文献

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The EPRI gas pipeline electrification guidebook project EPRI天然气管道电气化指南项目
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806441
B. Lockley, B. Hamilton, R. Schmael, A. Amarnath
{"title":"The EPRI gas pipeline electrification guidebook project","authors":"B. Lockley, B. Hamilton, R. Schmael, A. Amarnath","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806441","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an initiative taken as part of the EPRI gas pipeline electrification project to increase the proportional use of fixed and adjustable speed electric drives in appropriate gas compression applications. A guidebook was produced to educate and assist pipeline industry decision-makers by discussing economic and engineering factors which can assist in evaluating options for compressor drives. The guidebook also assists electrical people in implementing the design, selection, installation and operation of electric drive systems once the decision has been made to use an electric drive. A reason that electric drives have not been used as often as they could have, is the ready availability of gas for fuel. Also, many of the decision-makers have a background in gas engines and turbines, making them cautious about adopting what is to them a new technology.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123102023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interaction and design of grounded systems for tanks and vessels 油罐和船舶接地系统的相互作用和设计
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806437
M. O. Durham, R. A. Durham
{"title":"Interaction and design of grounded systems for tanks and vessels","authors":"M. O. Durham, R. A. Durham","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806437","url":null,"abstract":"Tanks and vessels have numerous grounded and protection systems. These include static discharge from fluid movement bonding, lightning protection ground, lightning discharge halo, equipment bonding, cathodic protection, stray current control, power and external line protection, instrumentation connection and instrumentation protection. Each system has unique requirements. In addition, the grounded systems interact and, in some cases, interfere with each other. Design concerns, considerations and requirements for each system are identified. An integrated design shows all systems operating together. Diagrams show interactions of the systems. Descriptions and comments illustrate the numerous details. The procedures are appropriate for engineers who design, operate or maintain electrical systems for vessels used in any facet of the petrochemical industry. Although the paper is specifically addressed towards tanks and vessels, the concepts can be applied to a broad range of grounding applications for structures.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125036224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The use of low voltage current limiting fuses to reduce arc flash energy 采用低压限流熔断器，减少电弧闪光能量
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806456
R. Doughty, T. Neal, T. Macalady, V. Saporita, K. Borgwald
{"title":"The use of low voltage current limiting fuses to reduce arc flash energy","authors":"R. Doughty, T. Neal, T. Macalady, V. Saporita, K. Borgwald","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806456","url":null,"abstract":"Current-limiting fuses, in their current-limiting range, reduce the available short circuit current and clear faults in one-half cycle or less. Available fuse test data, such as let-through l/sup 2/t and peak let-through current, is based upon single-phase bolted-fault tests at full voltage. Currently there is no data available that relates single-phase current-limiting fuse test data with energy released by downstream three-phase arcs. A three-phase 600 V test program was conducted using Class L and RK1 fuses to determine the let-through arc energy and the incident energy produced 18 inches away from a 3-phase arc in a 20 inch cubic box. Incident energy produced by the downstream arc is correlated with the degree of current limitation and fuse bolted-fault test data. The benefit provided by current-limiting fuses in reducing arc flash energy is quantified.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117029817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
Cable alternatives for PWM AC drive applications 用于PWM交流驱动应用的电缆替代品
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806443
E.J. Bulington, S. Abney, G. Skibinski
{"title":"Cable alternatives for PWM AC drive applications","authors":"E.J. Bulington, S. Abney, G. Skibinski","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806443","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an alternative solution for cables used with insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) variable frequency drives (VFDs). New IGBT technology has introduced voltage stresses on motors and cables that lead to unpredictable system performance and reliability. This paper includes a performance and cost comparison between a continuously welded armored option, the option of lead wire in conduit and a proposed shielded tray cable. Unique physical characteristics of the cables are discussed. A proposed cable with increased insulation thickness is discussed that insures long-term cable service life under VFD operation, while the shielded coaxial braid contains VFD EMI emissions. Other applications, options, and termination considerations with respect to the petrochemical industry are discussed. Cable performance is documented with theoretical and experimental support.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131762049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Effect of adjustable speed drives on the operation of low voltage ground fault indicators 变频器对低压接地故障指示器运行的影响
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806423
G. Skibinski, B. Wood, J. J. Nichols, L. A. Barrios
{"title":"Effect of adjustable speed drives on the operation of low voltage ground fault indicators","authors":"G. Skibinski, B. Wood, J. J. Nichols, L. A. Barrios","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806423","url":null,"abstract":"Over the years, the petroleum and chemical industry has found increasing favor with 60 Hz low voltage (/spl les/600 VAC) power systems that utilize a high resistance grounded (HRG) neutral philosophy. Historically, the older generation of adjustable speed drives (ASDs) had little or no effect on the normal operation of ground fault indicators (GFI) used with the installed HRG systems. This paper focuses its investigation into nuisance GFI alarms that may occur when present generation ASDs are retrofitted into the existing plant. The paper first reviews possible neutral grounding systems, with emphasis on the types of HRG systems possible and GFI alarm philosophy. The paper then discusses how ASDs may generate zero sequence high frequency noise currents in the HRG neutral circuit, which may cause nuisance ground fault alarms and potentially mask a legitimate ground fault.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123116273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Elegant ground fault solutions for impossible problems 优雅的接地故障解决方案为不可能的问题
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806430
D. L. Swindler
{"title":"Elegant ground fault solutions for impossible problems","authors":"D. L. Swindler","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806430","url":null,"abstract":"Low voltage power distribution systems are typically grounded by one of two generally accepted methods, high resistance grounded systems (a derivative of the ungrounded system) and solidly grounded systems. High resistance grounded systems have gained in popularity due to the fact that the first line to ground fault does not cause a disruption of service and is favored for continuous processes or critical loads. For power systems that cannot be monitored by qualified maintenance personnel, or for other reasons, the solidly grounded system still has widespread use. A four wire, solidly grounded system can become very complex involving many sources, points of grounding and networks of distributed power. This paper discusses a method of providing equipment ground fault protection to seemingly impossible systems.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114252290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Use of variable frequency drives for extruder application 使用变频驱动挤出机的应用
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806442
R. Hanna, S. Randall
{"title":"Use of variable frequency drives for extruder application","authors":"R. Hanna, S. Randall","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806442","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a case study of replacing an eddy current clutch (ECC) with a modern medium voltage variable frequency drive (VFD) for 2250 HP extruder application. It covers key issues, justification, factory and field measurements of torque-speed profile through 0.5-60 Hz as well as power quality analysis. The paper reviews manufacturers' capability to build medium voltage VFDs that produce very high and stable torque at very low speed.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"357 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114757860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Root cause AC motor failure analysis 交流电机故障根本原因分析
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806425
A. Bonnett
{"title":"Root cause AC motor failure analysis","authors":"A. Bonnett","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806425","url":null,"abstract":"The squirrel cage induction motor remains the workhorse of the petrochemical industry because of its versatility and ruggedness. However, it has its limitations, which if exceeded will cause premature failure of the stator, rotor, bearings or shaft. This paper is the final abridgement and update of six previous PCIC papers presented over the last 24 years and includes the final piece dealing with shaft failures. A methodology is provided that will lead operations personnel to the most likely root causes of failure. Check-off sheets are provided to assist in the orderly collection of data to assist in the analysis. As the petrochemical industry evolves from reactive to time based, to preventive, to trending, to diagnostics, and to a predictive maintenance attitude, more and more attention to root cause analysis will be required. This paper helps provide a platform for the establishment of such an evolution. The product scope includes low and medium voltage squirrel cage induction motors in the 1 to 3000 horsepower range with anti-friction bearings. However, much of this material is applicable to other types and sizes.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122902486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
The correct method of calculating energy savings to justify adjustable frequency drives on pumps 计算节能的正确方法，以证明可调频率驱动泵
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806446
Ron Carlson
{"title":"The correct method of calculating energy savings to justify adjustable frequency drives on pumps","authors":"Ron Carlson","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806446","url":null,"abstract":"It is easy to make a bad business decision when using electrical energy savings as a justification to install adjustable frequency drives (AFDs) on pumps. The simple hydraulic formulae and \"rules-of-thumb\" are easily misapplied and the errors will generally always economically favor the AFD installation. To use energy savings as a justification for an AFD installation, it is necessary to accurately determine these savings over the life of the equipment. These savings are not dependent upon the AFD or motor characteristics but depend upon the characteristics of the process system. This paper is tutorial in nature and shows why AFDs save electricity, gives examples of the common errors that are made in performing the savings calculations, shows how to do these calculations correctly, shows how to mathematically model the process to assist in performing the analysis and shows how to perform the economic calculations to arrive at a rate-of-return on the AFD investment.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126458457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
Application and safety issues for transient voltage surge suppressors 暂态电压浪涌抑制器的应用及安全问题
Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000) Pub Date : 1999-09-13 DOI: 10.1109/PCICON.1999.806451
K.W. Eilers, M. Wingate, E. Pham
{"title":"Application and safety issues for transient voltage surge suppressors","authors":"K.W. Eilers, M. Wingate, E. Pham","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806451","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is intended as a guide to users and manufacturers of transient voltage surge suppressor devices based on metal oxide varistor semiconductors. Many current designs and applications can result in safety problems including short circuits, explosions, and energized panels and grounding conductors. If the recommendations contained in this paper are followed, then electrical system safety and reliability is enhanced. The subjects of fusing, connections, grounding, and component compatibility are explored as they pertain to surge suppressor design and application.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129946799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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