M. Bishop, C. Mccarthy, J. Witte, T. R. Day, Gladys DeAlcala
{"title":"Distribution system reliability improvements justified by increased oil production","authors":"M. Bishop, C. Mccarthy, J. Witte, T. R. Day, Gladys DeAlcala","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806445","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increasing competitive pressures, as well as customer demands, there is renewed service reliability interest in the electric power industry. The paper discusses the reliability improvement of overhead distribution feeders serving oil-pumping facilities. Instantaneous tripping of the substation circuit breaker, followed by immediate reclosing, can be effective in restoring service for temporary faults on the line. However, any fault on the overhead system results in significant lost production since all pumps served by the feeder are interrupted, and some of the deep well pumps have long restart times. An effective means of improving reliability is the use of an additional level of sectionalization. By designing the system with optimized layers of reliability zones, the total barrels of oil produced in a given year will increase due to the reduction in average down time per pump. The engineering study cost-justified additional equipment installation to improve reliability based on the value of the increased production. In addition to the reliability improvement study methodology, a discussion of the economic justification is included in the paper.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127277234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Systematic practical approach to the study of bearing damage in a large oil ring lubricated induction machine","authors":"R. Ong, J. Dymond, R. Findlay, B. Szabados","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806436","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for self contained hydrodynamic bearing assemblies has increased in recent years as a result of their lower cost and increased reliability compared to bearings with an external lubrication system. The oil ring lubrication system is the most popular lubricant circulating system used in self contained bearings. Motors with such lubrication system tend to experience bearing damage when the shaft current is sufficiently large. An industry-university research partnership program was instituted to study the shaft current phenomenon in an 8 pole 2611 kW oil ring lubricated sleeve bearing induction machine. The study reviewed all the possible causes of the bearing damage. A series of experimental tests was carried out to determine the cause(s) of the shaft current. These tests included oil analysis, bearing damage analysis and no-load running tests. The tests were conducted using a novel method of shaft current measurement. In addition to the test results, this paper presents a simplified pictorial representation of the significance of joints due to lamination segmentation on the occurrence of shaft current. The paper also includes shaft voltage prediction rules.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127439953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cold weather effects on Class 1 hazardous electrical installations","authors":"V. Rowe, G. Howell, G. Lobay","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806429","url":null,"abstract":"With the increased exploration of oil and gas in cold climates, such as Alaska, Canada, China and Russia, there is an increasing demand for hazardous electrical equipment for use in extremely cold environments. Electrical equipment and associated wiring systems must be designed to operate properly in hazardous areas with extremely cold environments where temperatures go below minus 50/spl deg/C. The traditional testing requirements did not evaluate electrical products at these low temperatures. The introduction of the zone concept in North America will introduce new products and materials to the petroleum industry. This paper discusses the effects of cold weather environments on a variety of electrical equipment, arriving at some conclusions on future designs of hazardous electrical equipment for these environments.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"286 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134118783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecology and economy decide for 50000 HP electric turbocompressor drivers","authors":"F. Kleiner, B. de Wit, B. Ponick","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806424","url":null,"abstract":"Since the summer of 1997 three natural gas turbocompressors are driven by adjustable speed supersynchronous motors of 38 MW @4200 rpm-the largest LCI drives ever built for that speed up to now. Restrictions on harmonics imposed by the utility, special network conditions, pressure by ecological political groups, and life-cycle economics were decisive in the choice of drive systems. Selection and design criteria for the drivers, network considerations, and first year positive operating experience are addressed by the client and the manufacturer. A subsequent project involving similar high speed electric motor drivers of 25 MW with active magnetic bearings for a \"dry\" turbocompressor string concludes the paper that primarily addresses prospective users of such systems.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134140475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Brenon, P. Kelly, K. McManama, U. Klausmeyer, W. Shao, P. Smith
{"title":"The impact of the IECEx scheme on the global availability of explosion protected apparatus","authors":"M. Brenon, P. Kelly, K. McManama, U. Klausmeyer, W. Shao, P. Smith","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806426","url":null,"abstract":"The IECEx scheme is structuring a system to achieve global acceptance for explosion protected equipment for hazardous locations. Scheme members declare that they will abolish national differences for product requirements in their countries during the coming years. The international scheme will greatly impact the free trade of explosion protected apparatus needed for the petrochemical and chemical industry if the scheme members recognize and accept harmonized worldwide IEC standards. The goal is to develop and maintain uniform product evaluation to protect users against products which are not in line with the required level of safety. The critical aspects are identified by a comparison of advantages and disadvantages of such a scheme. The experience with the European system of Notified Bodies and harmonized CENELEC standards is a good basis for consideration during the phase of establishing the IECEx Scheme. The result of fast introduction of IEC standards can be visualized by specifying possible conflicts in the national regulations. This paper addresses this issue from the perspective of four international certification organizations-PTB (providing an overview of the scheme), UL (providing a US perspective), CSA (providing a Canadian perspective) and LCIE (providing a European perspective).","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115083448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Stone, D. Bishop, J. Cospolich, G. J. Mahl, D. Stewart, H. R. Stewart
{"title":"Changes in offshore electrical installation practices: revisions to API RP 14F","authors":"F. Stone, D. Bishop, J. Cospolich, G. J. Mahl, D. Stewart, H. R. Stewart","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806447","url":null,"abstract":"The American Petroleum Institute's Recommended Practice for Design and Installation of Electrical Systems for Offshore Petroleum Facilities, API RP 14F, underwent extensive revision in 1998. Advances in offshore deepwater drilling and production technology have led to increased use of floating production facilities, requiring significant interface with the United States Coast Guard (USCG). Many of the revisions made to RP 14F address USCG requirements as they apply to floating production and drilling facilities. In addition, the RP was updated to reflect advances in technology in the electrical industry. The significant revisions and the history of RP 14F are reviewed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123635775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methods for the control of large medium voltage motors; application considerations and guidelines","authors":"J. Kay, R. Paes, J. G. Seggewiss, R. Ellis","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806453","url":null,"abstract":"Starting and control methods available for medium voltage induction motors, (2.4 kV-7.2 kV), in the petrochemical industry are continually changing in terms of application considerations due to the evolution of available products and changing characteristics of the machine and processes. This paper summarizes several common methods and provides application guidelines for proper selection considering the distribution system, driven equipment, speed-torque issues, process requirements, starter method limitations and economics. Starting means reviewed include medium voltage soft starters, variable frequency drives, and autotransformer, capacitor, reactor, captive transformer, across the line controllers as well as fluid couplers.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128382222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intelligent motors-using motors for asset management from a remote location","authors":"F.M. Discenzo, C. Dister, G. Lewis","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806450","url":null,"abstract":"Smart motors are now being installed in critical applications. A brief description of smart motors is provided along with how they may predict motor failure as well as driven equipment failure. This information may be transmitted from remote locations and provide a basis for effective condition-based maintenance strategies. Key technology developments in algorithms, sensors, and architectures are highlighted that will further propel the deployment of smart motors leading to improvements in operating costs, product quality, and asset management.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115334747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and protection of captive motor-transformers","authors":"D. Doan, J. Crouse, N. K. Haggerty, M. Ristić","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806432","url":null,"abstract":"In a cost-competitive environment, a large motor installation can make up a major part of a process project. This paper explores the issues of reliability and cost for the sizing and protection of captive transformers of differing technologies, so that the overall life-cycle cost of a captive motor-transformer installation can be minimized.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125900224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harmonic experiences with a large load commutated inverter drive","authors":"K.A. Puskarich, W. Reid, P. Hamer","doi":"10.1109/PCICON.1999.806438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PCICON.1999.806438","url":null,"abstract":"The paper illustrates the use of a high pass filter for reducing troublesome harmonic distortion caused by a large load commutated inverter (LCI) drive at a large petrochemical plant. Actual field measurement data of the 12.47 kV distribution system of the plant is given to show the harmonic distortion that was causing operational problems. The harmonic system impedance derived from these measurements was used in the development of an accurate harmonic analysis computer model. This harmonic model was then used to evaluate the application of a high pass filter to reduce harmonic distortion. Actual field measurements were then made after the installation of the high pass filter to verify the results of the simulations. The tools used for this paper included a harmonic analyzer, an oscilloscope, a harmonic simulation program, and an electromagnetic transient simulation program. The results of this investigation lead to proposed improvements to IEEE Std 519.","PeriodicalId":165659,"journal":{"name":"Industry Applications Society 46th Annual Petroleum and Chemical Technical Conference (Cat.No. 99CH37000)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124555496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}