Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy最新文献

{"title":"Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging in Transmission Mode: Assessing the Weathering of Thin Wood Samples","authors":"Knut Arne Smeland, K. H. Liland, J. Sandak, A. Sandak, L. R. Gobakken, T. Thiis, I. Burud","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1253","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated wooden surfaces degrade when exposed to natural weathering. In this study thin wood samples were studied for weather degradation effects utilising a hyperspectral camera in the near infrared wavelength range in transmission mode. Several sets of samples were exposed outdoors for time intervals from 0 days to 21 days, and one set of samples was exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in a laboratory chamber. Spectra of earlywood and latewood were extracted from the hyperspectral image cubes using a principal component analysis-based masking algorithm. The degradation was modelled as a function of UV solar radiation with four regression techniques, partial least squares, principal component regression, Ridge regression and Tikhonov regression. It was found that all the techniques yielded robust prediction models on this dataset. The result from the study is a first step towards a weather dose model determined by temperature and moisture content on the wooden surface in addition to the solar radiation.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1253","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Stilbene Content from Heartwood Increment Cores of Scots Pine Using near Infrared Spectroscopy Methodology","authors":"Susanna Pulkka, V. Segura, A. Harju, T. Tapanila, J. Tanner, L. Pâques, J. Charpentier","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1225","url":null,"abstract":"High-throughput and non-destructive methods for quantifying the content of the stilbene compounds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood are needed in the breeding for decay resistance of heartwood timber. In this study, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy calibrations were developed for a large collection of solid heartwood increment core samples in order to predict the amount of the stilbene pinosylvin (PS), its monomethyl ether (PSM) and their sum (STB). The resulting models presented quite accurate predictions in an independent validation set with R2V values ranging between 0.79 and 0.91. The accuracy of the models strongly depended on the chemical being calibrated, with the lowest accuracy for PS, intermediate accuracy for PSM and highest accuracy for STB. The effect of collecting one, two or more (up to five) spectra per sample on the calibration models was studied and it was found that averaging multiple spectra yielded better accuracy as it may account for the heterogeneity of wood along the increment core within and between rings. Several statistical pretreatments of the spectra were tested and an automatic selection of wavenumbers prior to calibration. Without the automatic selection of wavenumbers, a first derivative of normalised spectra yielded the best accuracies, whereas after the automatic selection of wavenumbers, no particular statistical pretreatment appeared to yield better results than any other. Finally, the automatic selection of wavenumbers slightly improved the accuracy of the models for all traits. These results demonstrate the potential of NIR spectroscopy as a high-throughput and non-destructive phenotyping technique in tree breeding for the improvement of decay resistance in heartwood timber.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Optical Parameters and Moisture Content of Wood with Visible–Near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"A. Haddadi, G. Hans, B. Leblon, Z. Pirouz, S. Tsuchikawa, Joseph Nader, K. Groves","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1174","url":null,"abstract":"We used the Kubelka-Munk theory equations for calculating the absorption coefficient (Kλ), the scattering coefficient (Sλ), the transport absorption (σλa), the reduced scattering coefficient [σλs(1 – g)] and the penetration depth (δλ) from visible-near infrared reflectance spectra acquired over thin samples of quaking aspen and black spruce conditioned at three different moisture levels. The computed absorption and scattering coefficients varied from 0.1 mm−1 to 4.0 mm−1 and from 5.5 mm−1 to 10.0 mm−1, respectively. The absorption coefficients varied according to the absorption band, but the scattering coefficients decreased slowly towards high wavelengths. The sample moisture content was then estimated using the partial least squares (PLS) regression method from the Kλ and/or Sλ spectra, and the resulting PLS models were compared to those obtained with raw and transformed [multiplicative scatter corrected (MSC), first and second derivative] absorption spectra. The best PLS models for black spruce, quaking aspen and both species were obtained when only the 800–1800 nm range was used with the raw or MSC spectra. They led to a root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 1.40%, 1.09% and 1.23%, respectively, and to a coefficient of determination (R2CV) higher than 0.94. We also found that the Kλ spectra between 800 nm and 1800 nm can provide PLS models having an acceptable accuracy for moisture content estimation (R2CV = 0.83 and RMSECV = 2.32%), regardless of the species.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1174","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66230239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Trees, Wood and Derived Products with near Infrared Spectroscopy: Hints and Tips","authors":"J. Sandak, A. Sandak, R. Meder","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1255","url":null,"abstract":"Wood is a renewable and valuable resource for a variety of end-use application areas. However, rapid and reliable assessments are needed to identify the quality of the tree, timber or wood product at all stages of production and processing. The ideal technology for assessing wood and wood products must provide reliable data, be user-friendly, cost-competitive and provide a rapid analysis. The ultimate application of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of wood or wood products is to substitute for costly and time-consuming reference measurements in order to aid process optimisation or determine properties and genetic traits on large numbers of individual samples. Increased interest in the application of NIR spectroscopy in various research fields including wood is observed nowadays. A vast number of publications highlight the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the characterisation of wood in a broad area of uses. The Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy has published two special issues on the application of NIR to forestry and wood research in 2010 and 2011 and a recent literature search yielded in excess of 556,000 results which can be easily found by using the search terms “NIR” and “wood”. This mass of published data may suggest that the technique of NIR spectroscopy is widely understood and broadly adopted by the timber industry, but even in recent papers it is evident that there is still a need to better understand the fundamental issues regarding sample selection and preparation, instrument choice, correct measurement and spectral interpretation. In this paper we draw on more than 40 years of collective experience and summarise state-of-the-art knowledge regarding instrumentation, spectral acquisition and data mining in regard to wood science and technology. The goal of this tutorial is two-fold: first, to inform early career wood scientists of the critical steps in utilising NIR spectroscopy to assess the quality of wood. Second, to alert managers to the level of operator skill required for the successful adoption of NIR technology. Some basic information is presented here, but due to the limited size of the manuscript, reference to more specific and detailed literature is provided in each section.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring the Chemistry and Monosaccharide Ratio of Eucalyptus Dunnii Wood by near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Chengfeng Zhou, Wei Jiang, B. Via, Pm Chetty, T. Swain","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1254","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of wood chemical components such as extrac tives, lignin and car bohydrate content by conventional wet chemistry is time consuming and sometimes hazardous. Near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with multivariate calibration was utilised to offer a fast alternative to wet chemistry methods. In this study, 70 Eucalyptus dunnii wood samples were collected to investigate the correlation and modelling potential of using NIR spectra to predict extractives, lignin, carbohydrate content and ash which were determined with classical methods (extractives, ash and lignin) and high-performance liquid chromatography (sugars). Partial least squares regression was used for multivariate calibration. An evaluation of the results found that ash, extractives and lignin could be predicted with the strongest prediction diagnostics while mannose and glucose-to-mannose ratio models exhibited the lowest performance. The robust ability to predict glucose-to-xylose ratio (r2 = 0.87) provided a unique way to utilise NIR to monitor biomass quality and could be helpful for the improvement of ethanol and other forest products. The large range in glucose-to-xylose ratio (2.0 to 4.0), as determined through NIR, suggests that using xylose content to estimate total hemicellulose content may be unsuitable, though this type of ratio assumption and analysis is common for softwoods.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of Colour Change of Thermally Modified Wood by near Infrared Spectroscopy","authors":"Li Tong, Wenbo Zhang, W. Lu","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1252","url":null,"abstract":"Colour changes of untreated and thermally modified (120°C, 180°C and 220°C) southern pine wood are predicted by near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Colour change information originating from thermal chemical decomposition was assessed by NIR spectroscopy while wood surface colour change values in the CIE1976 L*a*b* system were determined with a colour measurement instrument. Calibration models were built using partial least squares and corresponding cross-validation. A close relationship between colour change values and NIR spectra of thermally modified wood allowed for easy clustering. The proposed colour prediction model for thermally modified wood produced very high R2 values (above 0.90) and was well suited to NIR spectra acquired from wood tangential surfaces, suggesting that the method can provide effective, online quality control.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential Oil Yield in Rosewood (Aniba Rosaeodora Ducke): Initial Application of Rapid Prediction by near Infrared Spectroscopy Based on Wood Spectra","authors":"Nadine Amusant, J. Beauchêne, A. Digeon, G. Chaix","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1241","url":null,"abstract":"Rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora) essential oil is a valuable ingredient that has long been used in the perfume and cosmetic industries. The main rosewood timber quality parameters are its essential oil yield and quality. A hydrodistillation method has been developed for yield determination, but it is time consuming. Here we tested the applicability of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for determining essential oil yield directly from wood powder. Essential oil from 139 wood powders was extracted via hydrodistillation. The measurements were based on the ratio between the extracted essential oil mass and the oven-dried wood mass and were correlated with the wood powder NIR spectra. The calibration model statistical findings demonstrated that NIR could be a fast and feasible alternative method for selecting trees with a high essential oil yield potential. NIR-based predictions obtained in an independent validation set indicated a high correlation (r2 = 0.92) with laboratory essential oil yield measurements. This NIR model could help wood managers in selecting trees with a high essential oil yield potential and in developing sustainable rosewood management strategies.","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1241","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Lignin Syringyl/Guaiacyl Ratio in Eucalyptus Camaldulensis across Three Diverse Sites Based on near Infrared Spectroscopic Calibration Modelling with Five Eucalyptus Species and its Impact on Kraft Pulp Yield","authors":"P. Ramadevi, D. Hegde, M. Varghese, R. Kamalakannan, Suraj P. Ganapathy, D. S. Gurumurthy","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1251","url":null,"abstract":"Lignin composition [syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio] and cellulose content in wood have an important bearing on pulp yield. This paper deals with the development of a calibration model for S/G ratio using five Eucalyptus species from different sites by diffuse reflectance near infrared spectroscopy. The model was constructed with 120 samples covering an S/G ratio range from 1.8 to 3.6, determined by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The calibration plot has an R2 value of 0.825 which was validated in E. camaldulensis, E. urophylla and E. pellita. Variation in S/G ratio was studied in more than 3000 E. camaldulensis trees across three diverse sites in southern India. The S/G ratio was lower in a low rainfall site (Mahabubnagar) compared to a higher rainfall site (Ongole). A positive correlation (R2 = 0.72) was observed between S/G ratio and Kraft pulp yield in E. camaldulensis. Alkali consumption in Kraft pulping experiments was inversely proportional to the S/G ratio (R2 = 0.914).","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coming Full Circle: Back to Basics in the Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy to the Forest and Wood Products Sector","authors":"R. Meder, S. Tsuchikawa","doi":"10.1255/JNIRS.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/JNIRS.1256","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/JNIRS.1256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality Estimation of Agave Tequilana Leaf for Bioethanol Production","authors":"D. Rijal, K. Walsh, P. Subedi, N. Ashwath","doi":"10.1255/jnirs.1247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.1247","url":null,"abstract":"Agave tequilana is a potential biofuel crop, for which the characters of juice total soluble sugar content (TSS), dry matter content (DM), cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content are quality criteria. Spectra of leaves were obtained using a hand-held silicon photodiode array (Si PDA)-based spectrometer with a wavelength range of 300–1100 nm and an InGaAs-based Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectrometer with a wavelength range of 1100–2500 nm. Fresh leaves were harvested at different maturity stages, in different seasons and from two locations in Queensland during 2012–2014. Partial least square regression models were developed for DM and TSS of fresh leaf, and for cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin of dried material, with models tested on populations of independent samples collected in different years, seasons and locations. Prediction statistics for DM of fresh leaf using the Si PDA spectrometer (729–975 nm) were r2 = 0.49–0.87 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) = 2.36–1.44%, while with the use of the FT-NIR spectrometer, the prediction statistics were r2 = 0.53–0.66 and RMSEP = 2.63–2.18% (across different years, seasons and locations). Prediction statistics for TSS in fresh leaf using the Si PDA spectrometer (729–975 nm) were r2 = 0.53–0.69 and RMSEP = 1.70–1.91%, with poorer results obtained using the FT-NIR spectrometer (r2 = 0.33–0.56; RMSEP = 1.88–2.45%). With increased sample diversity in the calibration set, NIR technology is recommended for estimation of DM and TSS in fresh Agave leaves. FT-NIR-based prediction of cellulose, hemicellulose or lignin of independent sets (of different years or cultivars) was unsatisfactory, with r2 < 0.75 and bias >10% of mean. These results may be improved with increased sample range, and attention to laboratory (reference method) error. However, leaf cellulose and hemicellulose content may be more easily estimated through correlation to leaf DM level (R2 of 0.77 across all sampling events).","PeriodicalId":16551,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2016-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1255/jnirs.1247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66231336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}