{"title":"Tales from the crick: The art of demo","authors":"Matthew J. Renshaw, Camille Charoy","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13305","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.13305","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Equipment demonstrations (demos) play an important role in the evaluation of new systems. As well as the excitement of exploring emerging technologies, a well-organised demo can help guide procurement decisions and support funding applications. However, it is easy to underestimate the substantial effort required both before and following the demo to maximise its potential impact. Here, we discuss how our approach to demos at the Crick Advanced Light Microscopy Science and Technology Platform (CALM-STP) has evolved over the last few years, emphasising the importance of a documented approach that combines quantitative with qualitative comparisons and engages with your user base in order to build up support for any potential system purchase.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"294 3","pages":"308-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140636243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christoph Cremer, Florian Schock, Antonio Virgilio Failla, Udo Birk
{"title":"Modulated illumination microscopy: Application perspectives in nuclear nanostructure analysis","authors":"Christoph Cremer, Florian Schock, Antonio Virgilio Failla, Udo Birk","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13297","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.13297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure of the cell nucleus of higher organisms has become a major topic of advanced light microscopy. So far, a variety of methods have been applied, including confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, 4Pi, STED and localisation microscopy approaches, as well as different types of patterned illumination microscopy, modulated either laterally (in the object plane) or axially (along the optical axis). Based on our experience, we discuss here some application perspectives of Modulated Illumination Microscopy (MIM) and its combination with single-molecule localisation microscopy (SMLM). For example, spatially modulated illumination microscopy/SMI (illumination modulation along the optical axis) has been used to determine the axial extension (size) of small, optically isolated fluorescent objects between ≤ 200 nm and ≥ 40 nm diameter with a precision down to the few nm range; it also allows the axial positioning of such structures down to the 1 nm scale; combined with laterally structured illumination/SIM, a 3D localisation precision of ≤1 nm is expected using fluorescence yields typical for SMLM applications. Together with the nanosizing capability of SMI, this can be used to analyse macromolecular nuclear complexes with a resolution approaching that of cryoelectron microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"296 2","pages":"121-128"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface passivation and functionalisation for mass photometry","authors":"Jenny Sülzle, Laila Elfeky, Suliana Manley","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13302","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.13302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy enables the label-free observation of biomolecules. Consequently, single-particle imaging and tracking with the iSCAT-based method known as mass photometry (MP) is a growing area of study. However, establishing reliable cover glass passivation and functionalisation methods is crucial to reduce nonspecific binding and prepare surfaces for in vitro single-molecule binding experiments. Existing protocols for fluorescence microscopy can contain strongly scattering or mobile components, which make them impractical for MP-based microscopy. In this study, we characterise several different surface coatings using MP. We present approaches for cover glass passivation using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 2k) along with functionalisation via a maleimide-thiol linker. These coatings are compatible with water or salt buffers, and show low background scattering; thus, we are able to measure proteins as small as 60 kDa. In this technical note, we offer a surface preparation suitable for in vitro experiments with MP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"295 1","pages":"14-20"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13302","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sulphate resistance of low-clinker engineered cementitious composites examined by MicroXRF imaging","authors":"Connor Szeto, Kimberly E. Kurtis","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) are a class of high-performing fibre-reinforced cementitious materials recognised for their increased ductility and durability compared to conventional cement-based materials, owing to their autogenously controlled tight crack widths, even when subjected to high strains. To reduce ECC's environmental impact, this research examines the use of a low-clinker binder − limestone-calcined clay cement (LC3) − as an alternative to portland cement (PC), along with fly ash to further reduce the clinker proportion and the embodied CO<sub>2</sub> of the formulations. In conventional concrete, LC3 hydrates to a denser microstructure resulting from the synergistic reaction between limestone and calcined clay. At the lower water contents typical of ECC and with the presence of fly ash, the influence of the binder composition on the microstructure is difficult to anticipate.</p><p>To examine the influence of these compositional variables on microstructure, permeability and durability, the sulphate resistance of LC3-based ECC is explored. Specifically, the ECC-LC3 blends are designed with high clinker replacement rate of 75% by mass of binder and contain either conventional fly ash or reclaimed fly ash at 50% by mass of binder. Expansion of ECC-LC3 samples subjected to standard sodium sulphate test conditions was measured up to 12 months and the depth of penetration of sulphates into the ECC-LC3 of varying compositions was quantified using micro-X-Ray Fluorescence (microXRF) imaging and modelling. The expansion results show that the ECC-LC3 formulations performed better than the PC samples and can provide adequate resistance to external sulphate attack, even when reclaimed fly ashes are used in place of the conventional ash. In addition, the shallow penetration of sulphate into these cementitious composites demonstrates the low diffusion coefficients values that were determined using the quantitative data from MicroXRF imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"294 2","pages":"239-250"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction for special issue: 19th Euroseminar on Microscopy Applied to Building Materials (EMABM) 2024","authors":"Alexander Wetzel","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"294 2","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martha Ilett, Maryam Afzali, Bilal Abdulkarim, Zabeada Aslam, Stephanie Foster, Miguel Burgos-Ruiz, Yi-Yeoun Kim, Fiona C. Meldrum, Rik M. Drummond-Brydson
{"title":"Studying crystallisation processes using electron microscopy: The importance of sample preparation","authors":"Martha Ilett, Maryam Afzali, Bilal Abdulkarim, Zabeada Aslam, Stephanie Foster, Miguel Burgos-Ruiz, Yi-Yeoun Kim, Fiona C. Meldrum, Rik M. Drummond-Brydson","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13300","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.13300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present a comparison of common electron microscopy sample preparation methods for studying crystallisation processes from solution using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). We focus on two widely studied inorganic systems: calcium sulphate, gypsum (CaSO<sub>4</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) and calcium carbonate (CaCO<sub>3</sub>). We find significant differences in crystallisation kinetics and polymorph selection between the different sample preparation methods, which indicate that drying and chemical quenching can induce severe artefacts that are capable of masking the true native state of the crystallising solution. Overall, these results highlight the importance of cryogenic (cryo)-quenching crystallising solutions and the use of full cryo-TEM as the most reliable method for studying the early stages of crystallisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"295 3","pages":"243-256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Characterisation of bond between cement paste and steel fibres with different surface roughness using SEM","authors":"Anna Antonova, Marika Eik, Jari Puttonen","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The performance of cementitious composites reinforced with fibres or/and bars depends on the bond strength between inclusion and cementitious matrix. The nature of formation of fibre-matrix bond is crucial for enhancing the reliability and utilisation of reinforced composites. The research provides a review on the recently published result about the changes in the microstructure of cement matrix surrounding steel fibres with different surface roughness, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with <i>k</i>-means clustering algorithm for image segmentation. The debonding pattern of the fibre-matrix bond after the tensile loading cycles was discussed by observing the amount of adhered cement paste to the pulled out fibre surface with SEM. Therefore, analysis of SEM images enabled to explain the connection between the micro-scale properties of cement paste and fibre after application of cyclic loading.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"294 2","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jmi.13298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140556210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tanvi Kale, Dhruv Khatri, Jashaswi Basu, Shivani A. Yadav, Chaitanya A. Athale
{"title":"Quantification of cell shape, intracellular flows and transport based on DIC object detection and tracking","authors":"Tanvi Kale, Dhruv Khatri, Jashaswi Basu, Shivani A. Yadav, Chaitanya A. Athale","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13295","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.13295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Computational image analysis combined with label-free imaging has helped maintain its relevance for cell biology, despite the rapid technical improvements in fluorescence microscopy with the molecular specificity of tags. Here, we discuss some computational tools developed in our lab and their application to quantify cell shape, intracellular organelle movement and bead transport in vitro, using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy data as inputs. The focus of these methods is image filtering to enhance image gradients, and combining them with segmentation and single particle tracking (SPT). We demonstrate the application of these methods to <i>Escherichia coli</i> cell length estimation and tracking of densely packed lipid granules in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> one-celled embryos, diffusing beads in solutions of different viscosities and kinesin-driven transport on microtubules. These approaches demonstrate how improvements to low-level image analysis methods can help obtain insights through quantitative cellular and subcellular microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"296 2","pages":"162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140593056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amir Mohammad Ketabchi, Berna Morova, Yiğit Uysalli, Musa Aydin, Furkan Eren, Nima Bavili, Dariusz Pysz, Ryszard Buczynski, Alper Kiraz
{"title":"Enhancing resolution and contrast in fibre bundle-based fluorescence microscopy using generative adversarial network","authors":"Amir Mohammad Ketabchi, Berna Morova, Yiğit Uysalli, Musa Aydin, Furkan Eren, Nima Bavili, Dariusz Pysz, Ryszard Buczynski, Alper Kiraz","doi":"10.1111/jmi.13296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jmi.13296","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fibre bundle (FB)-based endoscopes are indispensable in biology and medical science due to their minimally invasive nature. However, resolution and contrast for fluorescence imaging are limited due to characteristic features of the FBs, such as low numerical aperture (NA) and individual fibre core sizes. In this study, we improved the resolution and contrast of sample fluorescence images acquired using in-house fabricated high-NA FBs by utilising generative adversarial networks (GANs). In order to train our deep learning model, we built an FB-based multifocal structured illumination microscope (MSIM) based on a digital micromirror device (DMD) which improves the resolution and the contrast substantially compared to basic FB-based fluorescence microscopes. After network training, the GAN model, employing image-to-image translation techniques, effectively transformed wide-field images into high-resolution MSIM images without the need for any additional optical hardware. The results demonstrated that GAN-generated outputs significantly enhanced both contrast and resolution compared to the original wide-field images. These findings highlight the potential of GAN-based models trained using MSIM data to enhance resolution and contrast in wide-field imaging for fibre bundle-based fluorescence microscopy.</p><p><b>Lay Description</b>: Fibre bundle (FB) endoscopes are essential in biology and medicine but suffer from limited resolution and contrast for fluorescence imaging. Here we improved these limitations using high-NA FBs and generative adversarial networks (GANs). We trained a GAN model with data from an FB-based multifocal structured illumination microscope (MSIM) to enhance resolution and contrast without additional optical hardware. Results showed significant enhancement in contrast and resolution, showcasing the potential of GAN-based models for fibre bundle-based fluorescence microscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16484,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microscopy","volume":"295 3","pages":"236-242"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}