Journal of Nepal Chemical Society最新文献

{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves","authors":"S. K. Kalauni, Lekhanath Khanal, P. Thapa, Keshari Kunwor","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53360","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is a perennial deciduous plant abundant in tropical countries that contains many important bioactive compounds. This study aimed to evaluate phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the methanol and hexane leaf extracts of the plant collected from Nepal. Phytochemical screening of the extracts revealed the presence of a wide spectrum of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, etc. Methanol and hexane extracts showed the presence of significant quantities of total phenolics (207.75± 2.75 mg GAE/g, and 137.09 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (94.56 ± 1.88 mg QE/g, and 82.71 ± 1.47 mg QE/g) respectively. The methanol extract exhibited higher 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The half-maximal concentration causing 50% inhibition of the radical (IC50) of methanol and hexane extracts was 39.19 ± 0.33 and 61.07 ± 1.46 μg/mL respectively which are comparable to that of standard ascorbic acid (28.90 ± 0.24 μg/mL. Methanol extract of M. oleifera leaves showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Bacillus cereus, and Klebsiella pneumonia (ATCC700603). In-vitro antidiabetic activity was performed by a starch-iodine method using α-amylase enzyme and methanol extract showed significant antidiabetic activity (IC50 value 31.78 ± 0.52 μg/mL). The results of this study corroborate the potential application of the plant in traditional medicine and the drug discovery process.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86384734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical and Instrumental Analysis of Limestone and Red Clay from Makwanpur District for Cement Production","authors":"Rupesh Dubey, Bishan Datta Bhatta","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53340","url":null,"abstract":"Limestone and red clay are widely used in construction as primary raw materials since they are readily available and economically viable. The present work has been carried out primarily to explore the fresh reserves of acceptable raw materials in the Makawanpur district for producing cement. Four limestone and four red clay samples were collected from different locations in the Makwanpur district. The samples were analyzed using chemical (titrimetric and gravimetric) and instrumental (wave dispersive X-ray fluoroscopy, WDXRF) methods. Chemical, as well as instrumental methods, were utilized not only to authenticate the results but also to evaluate the merits of these methods. Loss on ignition (LOI), determined gravimetrically, ranged from 41.98 to 39.03% for limestone samples and from 9.24 to 7.82% for red clay samples.Chemical analysis of limestone samples revealed the presence of 40.72 to 48.53% CaO, 0.97 to 1.96% Fe2O3, 1.83 to 3.64% Al2O3 and 5.69 to 12.84% SiO2. Chemical analysis of red clay revealed the presence of 2.26 to 3.27% CaO, 9.54 to 14.20% Fe2O3, 12.90 to 19.68% Al2O3 and 46.70 to 61.50% SiO2. The WDXRF analysis of limestone revealed the presence of 39.37 to 50.46% CaO, 0.8 to 2.29% Fe2O3, 1.34 to 3.01% Al2O3 and 4.75 to 17.03% SiO2. The WDXRF analysis of red clay revealed the presence of 1.98 to 3.59% CaO, 9.89 to 13.96% Fe2O3, 12.45 to 19.82% Al2O3 and 47.62 to 60.94% SiO2.\u0000The analyzed compositions were found to lie within the range allowed by the Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology (NBSM) for the manufacture of high-quality cement. The results from the chemical methods were found to be in good agreement with the results from the instrumental method. This research is expected to contribute to the cement industry not only by providing insight into raw material compatibility but also by evaluating the merits of these methods.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85733941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content, Antidiabetic, and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves and Seeds Extracts of Eucalyptus robusta Sm. and Ageratina adenophora Spreng","authors":"Sarala Regmi, K. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53817","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed at the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content and biological activities of Eucalyptus robusta (Sm.) and Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) growing in Kathmandu Nepal. People have been using these medicinal plants for many years against infectious diseases and to control diabetes. The extraction of plant secondary metabolites was done by the cold percolation method. The total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid content (TFC) were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric method. The α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity was performed to evaluate the antidiabetic property of plant extracts. The antioxidant potential of plant extracts was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The methanol extract of Ageratina adenophora Spreng leaves is found rich in plant secondary metabolites of a yield percentage 36.83% whereas Eucalyptus robusta Sm. leaves and seeds have a yield percentage of 30.75% and 27.12% respectively. The extract of E. robusta leaves showed the highest phenolic content (200.89±6.67 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dry extract) and A. adenophora Spreng. leaves extract showed the flavonoid content (0.49±0.02 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract) among the three samples studied, respectively. The extract of E. robusta Sm. seeds showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of 110.8±1.73 μg/mL. The extract of A. adenophora Spreng. was found potent towards α-amylase enzyme inhibition activity of IC50 16.05±0.24 μg/mL whereas E. robusta Sm. leaves and seeds extracts showed IC50 21.93±1.24 mg/mL and 21.82±0.09 mg/mL respectively. This study showed the leaves and seeds extracts of these two medicinal plants are found rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. These medicinal plants could be used to isolate the natural antioxidant and antidiabetic compounds that may be potential drug candidates in the future drug discovery process. This study supports providing scientific validation for using these medicinal plants against diabetes.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80842266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Terminalia chebula Retz. Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Biological Activities","authors":"R. Giri, K. Sharma","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46957","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles have been used in various fields of science and technology ranging from material science to biotechnology. The formation of nanoparticles has been confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy (at 420 nm) by the change of color representing surface plasmon resonance. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a biogenic method is a novel approach due to its cost-effective, eco-friendly, and large-scale production possibilities. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (TC-AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using Terminalia chebula Retz. (T. chebula) leaf extract. Characterization of green synthesized silver nanoparticles was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The formation of nanoparticles has been confirmed through UV-visible spectroscopy (at 420 nm) by the change of color representing surface plasmon resonance. The crystalline face-centred cubic property of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was established using XRD analysis. The XRD data gave the average particle size of 6.1 nm.  The functional groups such as -OH, C=O, =NH were found responsible for reducing silver ions and helping to stabilize nanoparticles which were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. As the silver nanoparticles possess diverse applications, TC-AgNPs were investigated for antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxic activity. The results showed TC-AgNPs showed potential antioxidant (IC50=312.8 ± 2.28 µg/mL) and antibacterial activities against four pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli. Also, the silver nanoparticles exhibited moderate cytotoxicity (LC50= 477.53 ± 0.684 µg/mL) against brine shrimps nauplii in a dose-dependent manner. ","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72776558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of intumescent flame retardant based on THEIC-based oligomeric ester as char forming agent on thermal，mechanical and flame retardant properties of HDPE composites","authors":"S. Khanal","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46952","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a new phosphor-ester (TPE) was prepared by one-spot polycondensation of tris (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC) and phenyl phosphonic dichloride (PPDC) and used as a charring agent in combination with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to develop new intumescent flame retardant (IFR) for high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The thermal and flame retardant properties of composites were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index measurement (LOI), and cone calorimetry (CCT). At the same time, the morphology and chemical structure of the char residue were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy. The results showed the LOI value of the composite HD/APP/TPE containing 25 wt. % of APP/THE reaches 28.2 %. The CCT test suggested that the peak heat released rate (PHRR) of the flame retardant composite is decreased by 37 % compared to that of pure HDPE. The use of IFR based on APP and TPE produces a compact char residue that acts as a barrier for heat, oxygen, and volatile combustibles and protects the underlying polymer. Besides TPE can produce the PO-type radicals that show some gas phase flame retardant action. However, the tensile strength of the composites is still lower than that of pure polymer.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76890155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibition Activities of Sarcococca coriacea Hook. And Sarcococca wallichii Staph. of Nepalese Origin","authors":"J. Baral, D. Shrestha, A. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46950","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is being severe health problem globally with an increasing number of patients every day. Due to the lack of effective and non-toxic medicine to cure diabetes, plants that are used in ethnomedicine may be a good source for antidiabetic drug discovery.  Plants of the Sarcococca genus are medicinally important and are used by local people for managing many diseases including diabetes. In the course of our continuous search of antidiabetic plants and pure compounds,  in vitro α-glucosidase, and α-amylase inhibition activity along with the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of S. coriacea leaf ( Sc-A), S. coriacea stem (Sc-B), and dichloromethane fraction of methanolic extract of Sarcococca wallichi (Sw-D) were carried out. The research revealed dicholoromethane fraction of S. wallichii (Sw-D) with good inhibition of α- amylase enzyme (IC50= 53.79 ± 2.50), whereas Sc-B inhibits α-glucosidase (20.97±2.37) effectively. Similarly, Sc-A showed significant antioxidant activity with IC50=24.56±3.3. The total phenolic content on Sc-A and Sc-B was calculated as 151.35±4.42 mg GAE/g and 86.22±1.59 mg GAE/g whereas the total flavonoid content on Sc-A and Sc-B was found to be 21.61±4.88 mg QE/g and 24.09±4.02 mg QE/g respectively. Similarly, total phenolic and total flavonoid content on Sw-D were found to be 85.26±3.16 mg GAE/g and 21.57±1.26 mg QE/g. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition activity in these plants. This research work has scientifically supported the use of these plants to manage diabetes by local people and has explored new plants for antidiabetic drug discovery research.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82472511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological and Chemical Studies of Essential Oil and Extracts of Rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn","authors":"Rajesh Timilsina, Pooja Tandukar, Ishwor Pathak","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46962","url":null,"abstract":"The essential oil (EO) of the rhizome of Acorus calamus Linn. was isolated by using a Clevenger apparatus and extracts were prepared by cold percolation technique using the solvents hexane and methane. The chemical constituents of EO were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. A total number of nine chemical compounds were identified and quantified occupying 100% of the total oil composition. The major chemical constituent was reported to be β-asarone (84.87%). Acid value, saponification value, and iodine number of the oil were measured and found to be 0.24 mg KOH/g, 0.42 mg KOH/g, and 31.75 g I2/100gm,  respectively. The antibacterial activity of the hexane and methanol extract was examined against two bacteria by the agar well diffusion method. The hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against E. coli with a zone of inhibition(ZOI)of 10 mm, and. subtilis with ZOI of 7 mm. The methanol extract showed antibacterial activity against B. subtilis only, with a ZOI of 4 mm. Hexane and methanol extract also showed significant antifungal activity against fungi C. albicans with a ZOI of 6 mm and 5 mm, respectively.DPPH assay showed that the percentage of free radical scavenging activity increased with an increase in the concentration of the extract. The total phenolic content of the methanol extract of A. calamus was found to be 48.36 mg/g GAE.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75155342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ligational aspects of some 4f metal complexes of a mesogenic Schiffbase, N,N’- di-(4-dodecyloxysalicylidene)-1’,3’-diaminopropane: Synthesis and spectral studies","authors":"Prem Shrestha, P. Shakya","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46958","url":null,"abstract":"A liquid crystalline (smectic-F and smectic-A phases)Schiff base, N,N′-di-(4-dodecyloxysalicylidene)-1′,3′-diaminopropane(abbreviated as H2L) and a series of lanthanide (III) complexes of the type [Ln2(LH2)3(NO3)4](NO3)2, (Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy and Ho) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectral techniques. The IR spectral data imply bidentate chelation of the Schiff base in its zwitterionic form (as LH2) to the LnIII ions through two phenolate oxygens, rendering the overall geometry of the complexes possibly to distorted mono-capped octahedra. The optical and thermal behavior studies (POM & DSC techniques) reveal that despite H2L being mesogenic, none of the LnIII complexes synthesized under this study exhibits mesomorphism. Fluorescence studies show emissions of H2L and SmIII complexx.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"2012 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87881489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geopolymerization Behaviour of Red and White Clays","authors":"A. Pathak, Arpana Ranjit, B. Dhakal","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46997","url":null,"abstract":"Construction is one of the most important activities increasing the demand for Portland cement resulting significant amount of CO2 emission, natural resources degradation, and a high amount of energy consumption. The use of geopolymer has been studied as a potential substitute for Portland cement. Geopolymers are environmentally-friendly binding materials that are produced by the polymerization of alumino-silicates in presence of alkali polysilicates forming Si-O-Al bonds, which are used for several building applications. In this study, red and white clays which contain solid alumino-silicate have shown reactive in presence of an alkaline activator. The addition of lime has shown improvement in the mechanical and physical properties of the geopolymer products. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of the product have shown the formation of aluminosilicate gel in the geopolymeric product. The maximum compressive strength of the geopolymer products RCW and RWL were achieved to be 15.91 and 20.30 MPa, respectively. Such geopolymer products are in good agreement with cementitious products and can be used in building applications.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76682179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of the ammonium ion adsorption from wastewater by the activated carbon obtained from waste tire","authors":"R. Ghising, V. Jha","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i1.46998","url":null,"abstract":"The activated carbons were prepared from waste tire using a pyrolysis technique in different environments, namely: activated carbon in the open air (AC-O), nitrogen gas (AC-N), nitrogen gas and water steam (AC-NW), and a composite of tire and aluminum hydroxide in nitrogen and steam atmosphere (AC-COM), in order to study the change in specific surface area and making the composite of activated carbon and alumina. The X-ray diffraction study revealed the presence of quartz, alumina, zinc sulfide, and activated carbon. Methylene blue adsorption isotherm showed that the highest specific surface area of 218m2/g was found in the case of activated carbon prepared in an oxygen atmosphere and subsequently used for ammonium ion adsorption. The adsorption isotherm and kinetic behavior were studied with optimum pH 9. The adsorption isotherm fitted well to the Freundlich Model than that of Langmuir and the equilibrium monolayer adsorption capacity calculated from Langmuir was 277.8mg/g at room temperature. The adsorption reached equilibrium in 120 minutes, and kinetic data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order model with a rate constant value 5.3×10-3 L g/(mg·min). Real water samples from different places within Kathmandu valley were subjected to ammonium ion adsorption onto the active carbon and were worked for the adsorption smoothly","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85830989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}