Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"First report of <i>Pratylenchus penetrans</i> (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae) associated with artichokes in Vietnam.","authors":"Thi Duyen Nguyen, Huu Tien Nguyen, Thi Mai Linh LE, Quang Phap Trinh","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0060","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pratylenchus penetrans</i> is one of the world's most common and destructive root-lesion nematodes and can parasitize more than 400 plant species. <i>P. penetrans</i> has been reported to cause serious damage to artichokes in several countries, such as Greece, Brazil, and France. Until now, there have been no reports of <i>P. penetrans</i> associated with artichokes in Vietnam. In this study, we recorded this species in artichoke fields in Lam Dong province, Vietnam with an average density of 50 nematodes/100g of soil (frequency of appearance at 64.7%). This nematode was associated with symptoms such as yellowing leaves, stunt, and root necrosis of artichokes in Vietnam, indicating its high damaging potential and a need for suitable control strategies. The identification of this species in our study was confirmed by morphology, morphometric data, and molecular characterization of 18S and 28S rRNA regions. Our study also provides the first molecular data of <i>P. penetrans</i> in Vietnam. The inclusion of molecular data for <i>P. penetrans</i> in Vietnam represents a significant contribution to the scientific community and a pivotal advancement in addressing nematode-related challenges in agriculture. This dataset serves as an invaluable reference for various molecular-focused endeavors, including but not limited to molecular identification, pathogenicity studies, and the development of effective management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805579/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. in Eucalypts - Reproduction and Damage to Seedling Growth.","authors":"José Olívio Lopes Vieira, Renata Cunha Pereira, Mariana Zandomênico Mangeiro, Ricardo Moreira Souza","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0059","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eucalypts are cultivated worldwide, but little is known about their status as hosts of root-knot nematodes (RKN) (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.). Moreover, information is scarce regarding the nature of the damage caused by RKN to eucalypt seedlings and trees. To investigate these aspects, we separately inoculated <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i>, <i>M. javanica</i> and <i>M. incognita</i> in seedlings of the world's most cultivated eucalypts: <i>Eucalyptus dunni</i>, <i>E. grandis</i>, <i>E. cloeziana</i>, <i>E. camaldulensis</i>, <i>E. saligna</i>, <i>Corymbia citriodora</i>, and the hybrid <i>E. grandis</i> × <i>E. urophylla</i>. After six months of greenhouse cultivation, we assessed nematode reproduction and variables that expressed the seedlings' shoot and root growth. We observed a diverse pattern of host statuses to RKN among the eucalypts, and all three <i>Meloidogyne</i> species reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) the root system mass, volume and length of <i>E. grandis</i>, <i>E. saligna</i> and the hybrid <i>E. grandis</i> × <i>E. urophylla</i>. Our results reaffirm previous reports indicating that RKN can delay the growth of seedlings in nurseries, who should thus adopt appropriate sanitary measures to avoid RKN establishment and spread. Moreover, the damage caused by RKN to eucalypts after just six months of cultivation suggests that the growth of eucalypt trees may be affected over the course of several years of cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Morphological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Filenchus multistriatus</i> n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchidae) and Data on a Known Species of the Genus from Bushehr Province, Southern Iran.","authors":"Somayeh Monemi, Mohammad Reza Atighi, Joaquín Abolafia, Pablo Castillo, Majid Pedram","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2023-0008.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230046"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11015699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140865319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i>-induced Changes in Guava Root Exudates Are Associated With Root Rotting Caused by <i>Neocosmospora falciformis</i>.","authors":"Ricardo M Souza, Denilson F Oliveira, Vicente M Gomes, Abraão J S Viana, Geraldo H Silva, Alan R T Machado","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0055","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the worldwide importance of disease complexes involving root-feeding nematodes and soilborne fungi, there have been few in-depth studies on how these organisms interact at the molecular level. Previous studies of guava decline have shown that root exudates from <i>Meloidogyne enterolobii</i>-parasitized guava plants (NP plants), but not from nematode-free plants (NF plants), enable the fungus <i>Neocosmospora falciformis</i> to rot guava roots, leading to plant death. To further characterize this interaction, NP and NF root exudates were lyophilized; extracted with distinct solvents; quantified regarding amino acids, soluble carbohydrates, sucrose, phenols, and alkaloids; and submitted to a bioassay to determine their ability to enable <i>N. falciformis</i> to rot the guava seedlings' roots. NP root exudates were richer than NF root exudates in amino acids, carbohydrates, and sucrose. Only the fractions NP-03 and NP-04 enabled fungal root rotting. NP-03 was then sequentially fractionated through chromatographic silica columns. At each step, the main fractions were reassessed in bioassay. The final fraction that enabled fungal root rotting was submitted to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and computational calculations, leading to the identification of 1,5-dinitrobiuret as the predominant substance. In conclusion, parasitism by <i>M. enterolobii</i> causes an enrichment of guava root exudates that likely favors microorganisms capable of producing 1,5-dinitrobiuret in the rhizosphere. The accumulation of biuret, a known phytotoxic substance, possibly hampers root physiology and the innate immunity of guava to <i>N. falciformis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population dynamics of <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i> in soil in different types of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems in Hunan Province, China.","authors":"Zhuhong Yang, Lu Zhang, Xinwen Li, Yufeng Lin, Shan Ye, Zhong Ding","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0040","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rice root-knot nematode <i>Meloidogyne graminicola</i> is increasingly widely distributed in China and has had a severe incidence in Hunan Province. It is thus necessary to investigate its population dynamics in paddy fields. This study was conducted to ascertain the effect of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems on the population dynamics of <i>M. graminicola</i> and root gall development in rice. The results indicated that the population density of <i>M. graminicola</i> in soil was markedly influenced by the agroecosystem, rainfall and temperature. The population density of <i>M. graminicola</i> J2, and eggs in the soil and root galls, were significantly larger in the dry aerobic rice agroecosystem and in the rain-fed upland agroecosystem than in the lowland double-rice cropping sequence agroecosystem. As it can affect soil moisture rainfall was the key factor affecting the density of nematodes in both the rain-fed upland agroecosystem and the dry aerobic rice agroecosystem. Field flooding was still an effective way to reduce the population density of <i>M. graminicola</i>. In addition, we observed that <i>M. graminicola</i> can lay eggs outside rice roots under laboratory conditions. Therefore, we propose a hypothesis that <i>M. graminicola</i> lays egg masses within roots when the soil moisture is high, but lays eggs outside when the soil moisture is suitable. By clarifying the population dynamics of <i>M. graminicola</i> in different types of direct-seeded rice agroecosystems, this study is conducive to controlling rice root-knot nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230040"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10805519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Morphological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Paratylenchus vandenbrandei</i> (Rhabditida: Tylenchulidae) in Iran.","authors":"Abbas Abdolkhani, Sedighe Azimi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Paratylenchus vandenbrandei</i>, has been recovered from the rhizospheric soil of Euphrates poplar (<i>Populus euphratica</i>) in the Karkheh protected area of Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. The species was identified as <i>P. vandenbrandei</i> by the presence of three lines in the lateral fields; conoid rounded lip region; presence of submedian lobes, a stylet 24.0-28.8 μm long; an excretory pore at the level of the anterior part of the pharyngeal bulb; a round-to-oval spermatheca; presence of vulval flaps; and a conoid tail, with a terminus that is rounded or slightly pointed in some specimens. Males have a conoid tail, with a rounded-to-slightly-pointed terminus. The phylogenetic relationships of the species were reconstructed and investigated using partial sequencing of the D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunits, as well as internal transcribed spacer regions (LSU D2-D3 and ITS rDNA) based on Bayesian inference (BI). <i>P. vandenbrandei</i> has formed a clade with <i>P. neonanus</i>, <i>P. minor</i>, <i>P. nainianus</i>, <i>P. chongqinjensis</i>, <i>P. pedrami</i>, <i>P. baldaccii</i>, <i>P. leptos</i> and <i>P. rostrocaudatus</i> with maximal support (BPP = 1.00). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>P. vandenbrandei</i> in Iran and the first molecular characterization of the species worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138801677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification of entomopathogenic nematodes with insights into their distribution in the Syrian coast regions and virulence against <i>Tuta absoluta</i>.","authors":"Mai Ali, Nada Allouf, Mohammad Ahmad","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the Syrian coast regions remain relatively uncharted. To address this gap in our knowledge, an extensive survey of these ecosystems was essential. This study aims to isolate and identify EPNs from diverse ecosystems within the coastal regions. The distribution of EPNs in cultivated and natural environments was analyzed according to habitat, altitude, and sampling season factors. Between 2017 and 2020, EPNs were recovered from 27 out of 821 soil samples (3.28%) and collected from 24 out of 375 sampling sites (6.4%). Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular (ITS) characteristics, four EPN species were identified: <i>Heterorhabditis indica</i> (51.85%), representing the first report of its occurrence in the coastal regions, <i>H. bacteriophora</i> (33.33%), <i>H. pakistanense</i> (7.4%), which is also reported for the first time in Syria, and <i>Steinernema affine</i> (7.4%). There were statistical differences in the abundance and recovery frequency of EPNs in each type of habitat. Additionally, there were statistical differences in the altitude and sampling season recovery frequency. Co-inertia analysis revealed correlation between the distribution and occurrence of EPNs in vegetation habitats, altitude, and sampling seasons, as well as some soil characteristics. <i>H. indica</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i> were associated with citrus orchards, low-altitude ranges, moderate organic matter, and acidic soil. More specifically, <i>H. indica</i> isolates were correlated with olive orchards, vegetable fields, autumn season, and clay, sandy, and sandy loam soils. Meanwhile, <i>H. bacteriophora</i> isolates were correlated with tobacco fields, grasslands, alkaline pH, spring season, silty loam, and clay loam soils. <i>H. pakistanense</i> was linked to pear orchards, vineyards, moderate pH, and low organic matter. <i>S. affine</i> occurred in walnut orchards, silty soil, higher altitudes, and winter season. The virulence levels of three native EPN isolates (<i>S. affine</i>, <i>H. indica</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i>) were evaluated against 3^rd and 4^th instar larvae (outside and inside mines) and pupae of <i>T. absoluta</i>, a destructive pest in Syria. All three native EPN species exhibited ability to infect and kill the insect, with observed significant differences in their virulence. This study provides an understanding of EPN occurrence, distribution, and their potential for application in sustainable pest control strategies in Syria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10689052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Radopholus similis</i>, <i>Pratylenchus araucensis</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. and their interaction on <i>Musa</i> AAB 'Dominico Hartón' seedlings.","authors":"O A Guzmán-Piedrahita, C Zamorano-Montañez, J Leguizamon-Caycedo, B L Castro-Caicedo, H D Lopez-Nicora","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of <i>Radopholus similis</i>, <i>Pratylenchus araucensis</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp., and their interaction was evaluated in seedlings of <i>Musa</i> AAB 'Dominico Hartón'. The study was conducted in a nursery in Palestina, Caldas department, Colombia. Forty-day-old plantain seedlings were infected separately with 750, 1,500, 2,250 and 3,000 of each species of nematodes/plant. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the damage of <i>R. similis</i>, <i>P. araucensis</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. and the mixture of 750 <i>R. similis</i> + 750 <i>P. araucensis</i> + 750 <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. compared with the mixture of different proportions (1,500, 2,250 and 3,000 of each species of nematodes). Noninfected plants were included as a control treatment, for a total of 17 treatments in a randomized complete block design with ten replications. Twelve weeks after inoculation, all nematodes, both alone and in combination, reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) plantain dry root and shoot weight. In two experiments, <i>R. similis</i>, <i>P. araucensis</i>, and <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. alone, each with a population density of 3,000, reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) root dry weight by 32.5%, 9.5% and 49%, respectively, and decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) shoot dry weight by 21.5%, 23%, and 31.5%, respectively, compared to the control. The interaction of nematodes with the lowest population decreased root (33%) and shoot (21%) weight. We conclude that the growth of 'Dominico Hartón' seedlings was affected by plant-parasitic nematodes, but the greatest damage occurred with concomitant nematode infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite load effects on sex ratio, size, survival and mating fitness of <i>Heleidomermis magnapapula</i> in <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>.","authors":"Bradley A Mullens, Katherine A Luhring","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0052","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Heleidomermis magnapapula</i> parasitizes the blood-feeding midge <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>. Most (84%) single mermithid infective second stage juveniles (J2) developed into adult females, while parasitism by multiple J2 yielded 97% male adults. Nematodes emerged from the midge larval host as adults and mated immediately; females were ovoviviparous. Host larvae were exposed to nematode J2 and examined intact microscopically to score initial parasite load. Midge hosts were reared individually. Premature midge death, nematode survival within the host, and emerging adult nematode sex ratio and size as a function of load and host size were all tracked. Higher nematode loads produced smaller adult nematode males. The higher loads also increased and accelerated premature host death. Emergence of > 7-9 adult nematode males was rare, but up to 19 tiny males emerged from a single host. Larger midges supported higher parasite loads and a larger total volume of emerged nematode biomass. Virgin adult nematode males then were paired with females of variable, known sizes (volume) and held to determine size effects on fertility (egg hatch), and male survival (longevity). Tested adult males ranged in size from 0.0025 - 0.0334 mm³ and females from 0.0121 - 0.1110 mm³. Logistic regression indicated female nematode fertility was positively influenced by male nematode size, while nematode load and female nematode size had no significant effect. While fertility was reduced statistically in smaller males, even some of the smallest male and female individuals could be fertile. Findings are related to field studies in this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic Nematode Compatibility with Vineyard Fungicides.","authors":"Raquel Campos-Herrera, Elizabeth Carpentero, Miguel Puelles, José Luis Ramos Sáez de Ojer, Rubén Blanco Pérez","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0057","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals, this agroecosystem faces environmental challenges, including soil and water pollution. Sustainable viticulture, driven by eco-friendly practices and cost reduction, has gained prominence, underlining the importance of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). EPNs naturally occurr in vineyard soils and play a crucial role in controlling pest damage. Ensuring compatibility between EPNs and the commonly used vineyard fungicides is critical, as these applications constitute the predominant pest-management practice during the productive grapevine cycle. This study assessed the impact of authorized grapevine fungicides on EPNs, focusing on the survival of populations and sublethal effects on their virulence. We investigated the compatibility of two EPN populations (<i>Steinernema feltiae</i> 107 and <i>S. carpocapsae</i> 'All') with three organic production-approved products (<i>Bacillus pumilus</i>, sulfur, and copper oxychloride) and two synthetic chemicals (Trifloxystrobin and Mancozeb). Our findings revealed that the viability of <i>S. feltiae</i> 107 was reduced when exposed to sulfur and copper oxychloride, and its virulence was affected by copper oxychloride and Mancozeb, although only two days after exposure and with no significant differences for larval mortality at five days. In contrast, <i>S. carpocapsae</i> 'All' exhibited full compatibility with all five fungicides, with no impact on its viability or virulence. Consequently, our results suggested that the evaluated fungicides could be co-applied on both EPN populations if they were employed on the same day. However, further research on multi-target interactions is needed to ensure the successful implementation of this kind of co-application.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}