Journal of nematology最新文献

{"title":"First Morphological and Molecular Characterization of <i>Paratylenchus vandenbrandei</i> (Rhabditida: Tylenchulidae) in Iran.","authors":"Abbas Abdolkhani, Sedighe Azimi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0058","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Paratylenchus vandenbrandei</i>, has been recovered from the rhizospheric soil of Euphrates poplar (<i>Populus euphratica</i>) in the Karkheh protected area of Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. The species was identified as <i>P. vandenbrandei</i> by the presence of three lines in the lateral fields; conoid rounded lip region; presence of submedian lobes, a stylet 24.0-28.8 μm long; an excretory pore at the level of the anterior part of the pharyngeal bulb; a round-to-oval spermatheca; presence of vulval flaps; and a conoid tail, with a terminus that is rounded or slightly pointed in some specimens. Males have a conoid tail, with a rounded-to-slightly-pointed terminus. The phylogenetic relationships of the species were reconstructed and investigated using partial sequencing of the D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunits, as well as internal transcribed spacer regions (LSU D2-D3 and ITS rDNA) based on Bayesian inference (BI). <i>P. vandenbrandei</i> has formed a clade with <i>P. neonanus</i>, <i>P. minor</i>, <i>P. nainianus</i>, <i>P. chongqinjensis</i>, <i>P. pedrami</i>, <i>P. baldaccii</i>, <i>P. leptos</i> and <i>P. rostrocaudatus</i> with maximal support (BPP = 1.00). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>P. vandenbrandei</i> in Iran and the first molecular characterization of the species worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10721524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138801677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, identification of entomopathogenic nematodes with insights into their distribution in the Syrian coast regions and virulence against <i>Tuta absoluta</i>.","authors":"Mai Ali, Nada Allouf, Mohammad Ahmad","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0056","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the Syrian coast regions remain relatively uncharted. To address this gap in our knowledge, an extensive survey of these ecosystems was essential. This study aims to isolate and identify EPNs from diverse ecosystems within the coastal regions. The distribution of EPNs in cultivated and natural environments was analyzed according to habitat, altitude, and sampling season factors. Between 2017 and 2020, EPNs were recovered from 27 out of 821 soil samples (3.28%) and collected from 24 out of 375 sampling sites (6.4%). Based on morphological, morphometric, and molecular (ITS) characteristics, four EPN species were identified: <i>Heterorhabditis indica</i> (51.85%), representing the first report of its occurrence in the coastal regions, <i>H. bacteriophora</i> (33.33%), <i>H. pakistanense</i> (7.4%), which is also reported for the first time in Syria, and <i>Steinernema affine</i> (7.4%). There were statistical differences in the abundance and recovery frequency of EPNs in each type of habitat. Additionally, there were statistical differences in the altitude and sampling season recovery frequency. Co-inertia analysis revealed correlation between the distribution and occurrence of EPNs in vegetation habitats, altitude, and sampling seasons, as well as some soil characteristics. <i>H. indica</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i> were associated with citrus orchards, low-altitude ranges, moderate organic matter, and acidic soil. More specifically, <i>H. indica</i> isolates were correlated with olive orchards, vegetable fields, autumn season, and clay, sandy, and sandy loam soils. Meanwhile, <i>H. bacteriophora</i> isolates were correlated with tobacco fields, grasslands, alkaline pH, spring season, silty loam, and clay loam soils. <i>H. pakistanense</i> was linked to pear orchards, vineyards, moderate pH, and low organic matter. <i>S. affine</i> occurred in walnut orchards, silty soil, higher altitudes, and winter season. The virulence levels of three native EPN isolates (<i>S. affine</i>, <i>H. indica</i> and <i>H. bacteriophora</i>) were evaluated against 3^rd and 4^th instar larvae (outside and inside mines) and pupae of <i>T. absoluta</i>, a destructive pest in Syria. All three native EPN species exhibited ability to infect and kill the insect, with observed significant differences in their virulence. This study provides an understanding of EPN occurrence, distribution, and their potential for application in sustainable pest control strategies in Syria.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10689052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of <i>Radopholus similis</i>, <i>Pratylenchus araucensis</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. and their interaction on <i>Musa</i> AAB 'Dominico Hartón' seedlings.","authors":"O A Guzmán-Piedrahita, C Zamorano-Montañez, J Leguizamon-Caycedo, B L Castro-Caicedo, H D Lopez-Nicora","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2023-0054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of <i>Radopholus similis</i>, <i>Pratylenchus araucensis</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp., and their interaction was evaluated in seedlings of <i>Musa</i> AAB 'Dominico Hartón'. The study was conducted in a nursery in Palestina, Caldas department, Colombia. Forty-day-old plantain seedlings were infected separately with 750, 1,500, 2,250 and 3,000 of each species of nematodes/plant. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the damage of <i>R. similis</i>, <i>P. araucensis</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. and the mixture of 750 <i>R. similis</i> + 750 <i>P. araucensis</i> + 750 <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. compared with the mixture of different proportions (1,500, 2,250 and 3,000 of each species of nematodes). Noninfected plants were included as a control treatment, for a total of 17 treatments in a randomized complete block design with ten replications. Twelve weeks after inoculation, all nematodes, both alone and in combination, reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) plantain dry root and shoot weight. In two experiments, <i>R. similis</i>, <i>P. araucensis</i>, and <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp. alone, each with a population density of 3,000, reduced (<i>p</i> < 0.05) root dry weight by 32.5%, 9.5% and 49%, respectively, and decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) shoot dry weight by 21.5%, 23%, and 31.5%, respectively, compared to the control. The interaction of nematodes with the lowest population decreased root (33%) and shoot (21%) weight. We conclude that the growth of 'Dominico Hartón' seedlings was affected by plant-parasitic nematodes, but the greatest damage occurred with concomitant nematode infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10672890/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasite load effects on sex ratio, size, survival and mating fitness of <i>Heleidomermis magnapapula</i> in <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>.","authors":"Bradley A Mullens, Katherine A Luhring","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0052","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Heleidomermis magnapapula</i> parasitizes the blood-feeding midge <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>. Most (84%) single mermithid infective second stage juveniles (J2) developed into adult females, while parasitism by multiple J2 yielded 97% male adults. Nematodes emerged from the midge larval host as adults and mated immediately; females were ovoviviparous. Host larvae were exposed to nematode J2 and examined intact microscopically to score initial parasite load. Midge hosts were reared individually. Premature midge death, nematode survival within the host, and emerging adult nematode sex ratio and size as a function of load and host size were all tracked. Higher nematode loads produced smaller adult nematode males. The higher loads also increased and accelerated premature host death. Emergence of > 7-9 adult nematode males was rare, but up to 19 tiny males emerged from a single host. Larger midges supported higher parasite loads and a larger total volume of emerged nematode biomass. Virgin adult nematode males then were paired with females of variable, known sizes (volume) and held to determine size effects on fertility (egg hatch), and male survival (longevity). Tested adult males ranged in size from 0.0025 - 0.0334 mm³ and females from 0.0121 - 0.1110 mm³. Logistic regression indicated female nematode fertility was positively influenced by male nematode size, while nematode load and female nematode size had no significant effect. While fertility was reduced statistically in smaller males, even some of the smallest male and female individuals could be fertile. Findings are related to field studies in this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic Nematode Compatibility with Vineyard Fungicides.","authors":"Raquel Campos-Herrera, Elizabeth Carpentero, Miguel Puelles, José Luis Ramos Sáez de Ojer, Rubén Blanco Pérez","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0057","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vineyards, covering over seven million hectares worldwide, hold significant socio-cultural importance. Traditionally reliant on conventional practices and agrochemicals, this agroecosystem faces environmental challenges, including soil and water pollution. Sustainable viticulture, driven by eco-friendly practices and cost reduction, has gained prominence, underlining the importance of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). EPNs naturally occurr in vineyard soils and play a crucial role in controlling pest damage. Ensuring compatibility between EPNs and the commonly used vineyard fungicides is critical, as these applications constitute the predominant pest-management practice during the productive grapevine cycle. This study assessed the impact of authorized grapevine fungicides on EPNs, focusing on the survival of populations and sublethal effects on their virulence. We investigated the compatibility of two EPN populations (<i>Steinernema feltiae</i> 107 and <i>S. carpocapsae</i> 'All') with three organic production-approved products (<i>Bacillus pumilus</i>, sulfur, and copper oxychloride) and two synthetic chemicals (Trifloxystrobin and Mancozeb). Our findings revealed that the viability of <i>S. feltiae</i> 107 was reduced when exposed to sulfur and copper oxychloride, and its virulence was affected by copper oxychloride and Mancozeb, although only two days after exposure and with no significant differences for larval mortality at five days. In contrast, <i>S. carpocapsae</i> 'All' exhibited full compatibility with all five fungicides, with no impact on its viability or virulence. Consequently, our results suggested that the evaluated fungicides could be co-applied on both EPN populations if they were employed on the same day. However, further research on multi-target interactions is needed to ensure the successful implementation of this kind of co-application.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10669929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stringent <i>in-silico</i> identification of putative G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of the entomopathogenic nematode <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i>.","authors":"Artha Kundu, Nisha Jaiswal, Uma Rao, Vishal Singh Somvanshi","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0038","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) <i>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</i> find and infect their host insects in heterogeneous soil ecosystems by sensing a universal host cue (CO₂) or insect/plant-derived odorants, which bind to various sensory receptors, including G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Nematode chemosensory GPCRs (NemChRs) bind to a diverse set of ligands, including odor molecules. However, there is a lack of information on the NemChRs in EPNs. Here we identified 21 GPCRs in the <i>H. bacteriophora</i> genome sequence in a triphasic manner, combining various transmembrane detectors and GPCR predictors based on different algorithms, and considering inherent properties of GPCRs. The pipeline was validated by reciprocal BLAST, InterProscan, GPCR-CA, and NCBI CDD search. Functional classification of predicted GPCRs using Pfam revealed the presence of four NemChRs. Additionally, GPCRs were classified into various families based on the reciprocal BLAST approach into a frizzled type, a secretin type, and 19 rhodopsin types of GPCRs. Gi/o is the most abundant kind of G-protein, having a coupling specificity to all the fetched GPCRs. As the 21 GPCRs identified are expected to play a crucial role in the host-seeking behavior, these might be targeted to develop novel insect-pest management strategies by tweaking EPN IJ behavior, or to design novel anthelminthic drugs. Our new and stringent GPCR detection pipeline may also be used to identify GPCRs from the genome sequence of other organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230038"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10670001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of barley root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne naasi</i> from turfgrass in Idaho, with multigene molecular characterization.","authors":"Andrea M Skantar, Zafar A Handoo, Mihail R Kantor, Maria N Hult","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0051","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Barley root-knot nematode, <i>Meloidogyne naasi</i> Franklin, 1965, is one of the most important pest nematodes infecting monocots (Franklin, 1965). Two-inch core soil samples collected from a golf course in Ada County, Idaho were submitted for identification in November of 2019. A high number of <i>Meloidogyne</i> sp. juveniles were recovered from both soil samples using sieving and decantation followed by the sugar centrifugal flotation method. They were examined by light microscopy, morphometric measurements, and multiple molecular markers, including the ribosomal 28S D2-D3 and intergenic spacer 2 (IGS-2) regions, mitochondrial markers cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the interval from COII to 16S, and the protein-coding gene Hsp90. Morphometrics as well as BlastN comparisons with other root-knot nematode sequences from GenBank were consistent with identification as <i>M. naasi</i>. Phylogenetic trees inferred from 28S, IGS-2, COI, or Hsp90 alignments each separated the Idaho population into a strongly supported clade with other populations of <i>M. naasi</i>, while the COII-16S interval could not resolve <i>M. naasi</i> from <i>M. minor</i>. This report represents the first morphological and molecular characterization of <i>Meloidogyne naasi</i> from turfgrass in Idaho.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10659252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GABA Immunoreactivity and Pharmacological Effects vary Among Stylet-Bearing Nematodes.","authors":"Hannah M Reed, Ziduan Han, Nathan E Schroeder","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0049","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-parasitic nematodes conduct a series of sophisticated behaviors to complete their life cycles. Among these, locomotion behaviors, including finding the host and migrating to the feeding site, directly affect the success of parasitism. Thus, disrupting locomotion behaviors has the potential to control these parasites. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter in nematodes. GABA-immunoreactive neurons are mostly found in motor neurons, where they regulate behaviors in the model nematode <i>C. elegans</i>. However, the GABA system in most stylet-bearing nematodes has received little attention. Using immunohistochemistry, we found variation in the pattern of GABA-immunoreactivity among two major plant-parasites and a fungal feeder. Some of these GABA-immunoreactive neurons lack clear homologs to <i>C. elegans</i>. Pharmaceutical assays showed that applying GABA, its agonist, and its antagonist, can disrupt the locomotion behaviors of these nematodes, although sensitivity to a given compound varied between species. Our data suggest that the GABA system is a potential target for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230049"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10657207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First reports of <i>Hemicycliophora poranga</i>, <i>Helicotylenchus dihystera</i> and <i>Tylenchorhynchus zeae</i> (Tylenchomorpha) from Greece and further records of four other nematode species.","authors":"Ilenia Clavero-Camacho, Alba N Ruiz-Cuenca, Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete, Antonio Archidona-Yuste, Ioannis Giannakou, Maria Kormpi, Juan E Palomares-Rius, Pablo Castillo, Emmanuel A Tzortzakakis","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0044","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nematode samplings in various areas and crops of Greece were carried out and the recovered nematode species were characterized using morphological and molecular data. Seven species of plant-parasitic nematodes were recovered, three of which are reported for the first time in Greece, including <i>Hemicycliophora poranga</i>, <i>Helicotylenchus dihystera</i> and <i>Tylenchorhynchus zeae</i>. Four other recovered species had already been reported in Greece, including <i>Bitylenchus hispaniensis</i>, <i>Helicotylenchus microlobus</i>, <i>Nanidorus minor</i> and <i>Scutellonema brachyurus</i>. D2-D3 segments of 28S rRNA gene for all of these nematode species are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230044"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10657206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, molecular, and histopathological studies on <i>Hadjelia truncata</i> from <i>Columba livia domestica</i> and its role as an environmental biological indicator.","authors":"Mohammed Albeshr, Rajwa Alsharief, Fatimah Al-Otibi, Esam M Al-Shaebi, Osama B Mohammed, Rewaida Abdel-Gaber","doi":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0050","DOIUrl":"10.2478/jofnem-2023-0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeons are a cosmopolitan group of birds with abundant and large populations associated with human activities. This study focused on determining parasitic infections within domestic pigeons (<i>Columba livia domestica</i>). Forty-eight pigeons were examined for infections, of which 29.16% were infected with a nematode parasite, identified as <i>Hadjelia truncata</i> (Habronematidae), under the koilin layer of their gizzards. The population of nematodes in infected gizzards did not exceed 20 adult worms. DNA from the gizzard worms was extracted and subjected to PCR using primers that amplify the partial 18S rDNA and cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COX I) regions. Identification of this parasite based on microscopic study revealed the presence of trilobed lips with cephalic papillae and amphidial pores, as well as other characteristic features. In males, spicules were unequal with the presence of six pedunculated pairs of caudal papillae (4 pre- and 2 post-anal) and a tail surrounded with caudal ala. In females, the vulva was a rounded aperture located in front of the posterior end of the esophagus and uteri, which was filled with numerous embryonated eggs. DNA Sequences from partial 18S rDNA were homologous to sequences obtained from <i>H. truncata</i> in GenBank with a high percentage of identity. DNA sequences from mitochondrial gene COX I, however, were unique, and they were the first sequenced for <i>H. truncata</i>, since no sequences for this taxon were previously available in GenBank. Histopathological examination revealed enlargement of infected gizzards in comparison to non-infected ones, with the presence of necrosis and interstitial infiltration in the koilin layer. Concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, and Co) were measured using inductivity-coupled plasma in tissues (liver, muscles, and gizzards) from infected and non-infected pigeons as well as their parasites. Results showed different affinities of metals to tissues. Recovered parasites can minimize element concentration from their pigeon tissues. In Saudi Arabia, this study was considered the first report identifying pigeon nematodes and evaluating of the effects of their pathogenicity on the animals' welfare, as well as their application as a useful tool for monitoring environmental pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":16475,"journal":{"name":"Journal of nematology","volume":"55 1","pages":"20230050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10656277/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138460476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}