Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice最新文献

{"title":"Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in immunocompromised children - A single-center study from South India.","authors":"Sudeep Gaddam, Rajesh Kodandapani, Nikhita Mani, Dhaarani Jayaraman, B Nikitha Abirami","doi":"10.25259/JNRP_390_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JNRP_390_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study describes the profile of children diagnosed with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in the pediatric hematology oncology unit and highlights the clinical features of PRES in immunosuppressed children. This retrospective study included 10 children diagnosed with PRES with a mean age of 6.8 years. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most common primary diagnosis followed by post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Most cases of PRES occurred within one month of treatment initiation. Hypertension was noted in all at the time of diagnosis. Neuroimaging revealed bilateral lesions with parietal and occipital lobe involvement being the most common. All patients received corticosteroids as part of treatment for primary diagnosis. Controlling blood pressure was critical in managing PRES. Consideration of PRES as a clinical possibility in pediatric hematology oncology unit in children presenting with symptoms such as headache, seizures, and visual disturbances will aid in early diagnosis after ruling out other causes of these symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"365-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: A case of anterior cerebral artery A1 segment hypoplasia syndrome presenting with right lower limb monoplegia, abulia, and urinary incontinence.","authors":"","doi":"10.25259/JNRP_157_2024","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JNRP_157_2024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.4103/0976-3147.168438.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation-efficacy in mild cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis.","authors":"G Sandhya, Palash Kumar Malo, Thomas Gregor Issac","doi":"10.25259/JNRP_629_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JNRP_629_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition state in which individuals have cognitive abilities that are in between those of normal aging and dementia. Although not everyone with MCI develops dementia, the risk of progression to dementia is higher in people with MCI. Interventions at this stage can prevent or delay the onset of dementia. In recent years, studies on non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have gained momentum for cognitive enhancement in MCI. Since there are very few studies that also report varied results, it becomes important to analyze the effect of tDCS in MCI. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available evidence about using tDCS for MCI and to assess its efficacy using meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eight single- or double-blinded randomized controlled trials were included in the study. Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) for global cognition; and digit span test forward and backward, trail-making test (TMT) A and B; and logical memory test (LMT) assessing specific cognitive domains were considered. A random-effects model was used wherein the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence intervals were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The effect of the active tDCS (MoCA [SMD 0.37, 95% CI -0.22-0.95], MMSE [SMD 0.26, 95% CI 0.25-0.77], TMT-A [SMD -0.01, 95% CI -0.42-0.40], and LMT [SMD 0.80, 95% CI -0.24-1.83]) when compared with the sham tDCS was statistically insignificant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current meta-analysis identified insignificant improvement in cognitive performance with active tDCS treatment as compared to sham tDCS among people with MCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"194-202"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral microbleeds: Causes, clinical relevance, and imaging approach - A narrative review.","authors":"Amit Agarwal, Pranav Ajmera, Preetika Sharma, Sangam Kanekar","doi":"10.25259/JNRP_351_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JNRP_351_2023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, there has been increased identification of microbleed/microhemorrhage across different population ages, but more commonly in the older age group. These are defined as focal areas of signal loss on gradient echo MRI sequences (T2* and susceptibility-weighted images), which are usually <5 mm in size representing hemosiderin deposition with wide ranges of etiologies. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has become a routine MRI sequence for practices across the globe resulting in better identification of these entities. Over the past decade, there has been a better understanding of the clinical significance of microbleeds including their prognostic value in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and hypertension are the two most common causes of microbleeds following peripheral and central pattern, respectively. In the younger age group, microbleeds are more common due to familial conditions or a wide range of hypercoagulable states. This review outlines the pathophysiology, prevalence, and clinical implications of cerebral microhemorrhage along with a brief discussion about the technical considerations of SWI.</p>","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"169-181"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with rituximab treatment.","authors":"Hiroshi Yokota, Yoshihiko Hoshida, Kotaro Watanabe, Tomonori Yamada","doi":"10.25259/JNRP_434_2023","DOIUrl":"10.25259/JNRP_434_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"15 2","pages":"396-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11090539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ApoE ε4 genotype and attentional function in non-demented, middle-aged, and older adults from rural India","authors":"Pooja Rai, Jonas S. Sundarakumar, Nimisha Basavaraju, R. Kommaddi, T. Issac","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_272_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_272_2023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Several genetic factors have been associated with cognitive decline in aging. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 has been widely studied in the risk for pathological cognitive decline, including dementia. However, the association between ApoE ε4 and cognitive functioning in the healthy aging Indian population has been understudied, and the results are ambiguous.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to examine the role of the ApoE genotype with attentional function in aging adults (≥45 years) in a rural Indian population. Cross-sectional (baseline) data (n = 2100) was utilized from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study on aging (Srinivaspura Aging, Neurosenescence, and Cognition study). Participants hailed from villages of Srinivaspura in Karnataka, southern India. Participants were categorized based on ApoE-ε4 status into three categories: No ε4, heterozygous ε4, and homozygous ε4. Attentional function was assessed using the auditory and visual attention subtests from a computerized neurocognitive test battery. Linear regression was performed adjusting for age, gender, and education.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In model 1 (unadjusted), we did not find an association between ApoE and attention function. In the partially adjusted model 2 (adjusting for age), ApoE ε4 with age was significantly associated with the attention function. Further, with increasing age, there was a decline in attention among homozygous ε4 individuals. Model 3 (model 2 + gender) found that ApoE ε4, age, and gender explained a significant variance in attention function. In addition, with increasing age, males had poor attention in the homozygous as compared to heterozygous group. Model 4 (model 3+ education) explained a significant variance in attention and also revealed that with increasing age, attention declined in the illiterate and low literacy groups in both homozygous and heterozygous groups among both genders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Although ApoE ε4 alone was not associated, it interacted with age, gender, and education to affect attention function in this rural Indian population. Longitudinal cognitive monitoring will yield insights into understanding whether the ApoE ε4 genotype influences the rate of cognitive decline in this rural, aging population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"38 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139442830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between pesticide exposure with biomarkers of stroke risk factors in farmers","authors":"Ismail Setyopranoto, A. Panggabean, E. Dwianingsih, C. T. S. Setyaningrum, S. Sutarni, R. Malueka, Mawaddah Ar Rochmah","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_157_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_157_2023","url":null,"abstract":"The extensive use of pesticides may cause acute and chronic intoxication. Therefore, this study aimed to reveal the associations between pesticide exposure and serum markers for stroke risk factors in farmers. A cross-sectional study was conducted with farmers, who used chemical pesticides in Seloprojo Village, Ngablak District, Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. A questionnaire containing demographics, pesticide use, and aspects related to work was employed. Measurements of serum cholesterol, uric acid, glucose, cholinesterase, and fibrinogen levels were also conducted. Of the 106 subjects, 31 (29.2%) used organophosphates as chemical pesticides. There was a significant difference between organophosphate and nonorganophosphate groups in plasma fibrinogen levels. The organophosphate group had higher levels of fibrinogen (292.29 ± 67.56 mg/dL) than the non-organophosphate group (255.24 ± 38.90 mg/dL). Of the studied risk factors for stroke, there is a significant association between organophosphate exposure and increased plasma fibrinogen levels.","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"54 49","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blind after first chemotherapy","authors":"J. Finsterer","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_568_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_568_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"29 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139447495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical seeding of a chordoma into the temporal muscle","authors":"A. Hosmann, Basant K Misra","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_430_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_430_2023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"2 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the tubercular zone: A poor prognostic finding on neuroimaging","authors":"Himanshu Kaushal, Gourav Goyal","doi":"10.25259/jnrp_476_2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jnrp_476_2023","url":null,"abstract":"Central nervous system tuberculosis accounts for approximately 1–2% of cases but with a high morbidity and mortality burden. A 37-year-old female presented with fever and headache for 15 days followed by altered sensorium with associated dystonic posturing of both upper limbs and lower limbs (left>right side). The patient’s condition deteriorated despite optimal antitubercular treatment and other supportive measures for two weeks. An MRI brain was suggestive of areas of diffusion restriction in the right caudate nucleus, anterior limb of internal capsule, genu, and anteromedial thalamus. The patient ultimately succumbed to death. Tubercular zone infarctions carry an ominous prognosis and can be considered an indicator of morbidity and mortality in patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM).","PeriodicalId":16443,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice","volume":"47 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139383608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}