Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility最新文献

{"title":"Utility of the burmese Python as a model for studying plasticity of extreme physiological systems.","authors":"Yuxiao Tan, Thomas G Martin, Brooke C Harrison, Leslie A Leinwand","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09632-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10974-022-09632-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-traditional animal models present an opportunity to discover novel biology that has evolved to allow such animals to survive in extreme environments. One striking example is the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), which exhibits extreme physiological adaptation in various metabolic organs after consuming a large meal following long periods of fasting. The response to such a large meal in pythons involves a dramatic surge in metabolic rate, lipid overload in plasma, and massive but reversible organ growth through the course of digestion. Multiple studies have reported the physiological responses in post-prandial pythons, while the specific molecular control of these processes is less well-studied. Investigating the mechanisms that coordinate organ growth and adaptive responses offers the opportunity to gain novel insight that may be able to treat various pathologies in humans. Here, we summarize past research on the post-prandial physiological changes in the Burmese python with a focus on the gastrointestinal tract, heart, and liver. Specifically, we address our recent molecular discoveries in the post-prandial python liver which demonstrate transient adaptations that may reveal new therapeutic targets. Lastly, we explore new biology of the aquaporin 7 gene that is potently upregulated in mammalian cardiac myocytes by circulating factors in post-prandial python plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10149580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons learned from comparative and extreme physiology.","authors":"Avril Somlyo","doi":"10.1007/s10974-023-09645-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-023-09645-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"37-38"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10563546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of maximal oxygen consumption.","authors":"Peter D Wagner","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09636-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-022-09636-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article lays out the determinants of maximal O₂ consumption (VO₂max) achieved during high intensity endurance exercise. It is not a traditional topical review but rather an educational essay that intertwines chance observations made during an unrelated research project with a subsequent program of stepwise thought, analysis and experimentation to reveal how O₂ is delivered to and used by the mitochondria. The centerpiece is the recognition that O₂ is delivered by an inter-dependent system of transport components functioning as a \"bucket brigade\", made up of the lungs, heart, blood and circulation, and the muscles themselves, each of which affects O₂ transport by similar amounts as they change. There is thus no single \"limiting factor\" to VO₂max. Moreover, each component is shown to quantitatively affect the performance of the others. Mitochondrial respiration is integrated into the O₂ transport system analysis to reveal its separate contribution to VO₂max, and to show that mitochondrial PO₂ at VO₂max must be extremely low. Clinical application of the O₂ transport systems analysis is described to separate central cardiopulmonary from peripheral tissue contributions to exercise limitation, illustrated by a study of patients with COPD. Finally, a short discussion of why muscles operating maximally must endure an almost anoxic state is offered. The hope is that in sum, both the increased understanding of O₂ transport and the scientific approach to achieving that understanding described in the review can serve as a model for solving other complex problems going forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"73-88"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10544120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations for extremely high muscular power output: why do muscles that operate at intermediate cycle frequencies generate the highest powers?","authors":"Graham N Askew","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09640-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10974-022-09640-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pectoralis muscles of the blue-breasted quail Coturnix chinensis generate the highest power output over a contraction cycle measured to date, approximately 400 W kg^- 1. The power generated during a cyclical contraction is the product of work and cycle frequency (or standard operating frequency), suggesting that high powers should be favoured by operating at high cycle frequencies. Yet the quail muscles operate at an intermediate cycle frequency (23 Hz), which is much lower than the highest frequency skeletal muscles are capable of operating (~ 200 Hz in vertebrates). To understand this apparent anomaly, in this paper I consider the adaptations that favour high mechanical power as well as the trade-offs that occur between force and muscle operating frequency that limit power. It will be shown that adaptations that favour rapid cyclical contractions compromise force generation; consequently, maximum power increases with cycle frequency to approximately 15-25 Hz, but decreases at higher cycle frequencies. At high cycle frequencies, muscle stress is reduced by a decrease in the crossbridge duty cycle and an increase in the proportion of the muscle occupied by non-contractile elements such as sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Muscles adapted to generate high powers, such as the pectoralis muscle of blue-breasted quail, exhibit: (i) intermediate contraction kinetics; (ii) a high relative myofibrillar volume; and (iii) a high maximum shortening velocity and a relatively flat force-velocity relationship. They are also characterised by (iv) operating at an intermediate cycle frequency; (v) utilisation of asymmetrical length trajectories, with a high proportion of the cycle spent shortening; and, finally, (vi) relatively large muscles. In part, the high power output of the blue-breasted quail pectoralis muscle can be attributed to its body size and the intermediate wing beat frequency required to generate aerodynamic force to support body mass, but in addition specialisations in the contractile and morphological properties of the muscle favour the generation of high stress at high strain rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mammalian organ regeneration in spiny mice.","authors":"Daryl M Okamura, Elizabeth D Nguyen, Sarah J Collins, Kevin Yoon, Joshua B Gere, Mary C M Weiser-Evans, David R Beier, Mark W Majesky","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09631-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10974-022-09631-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fibrosis-driven solid organ failure is a major world-wide health burden with few therapeutic options. Spiny mice (genus: Acomys) are terrestrial mammals that regenerate severe skin wounds without fibrotic scars to evade predators. Recent studies have shown that spiny mice also regenerate acute ischemic and traumatic injuries to kidney, heart, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle. A common feature of this evolved wound healing response is a lack of formation of fibrotic scar tissue that degrades organ function, inhibits regeneration, and leads to organ failure. Complex tissue regeneration is an extremely rare property among mammalian species. In this article, we discuss the evidence that Acomys represents an emerging model organism that offers a unique opportunity for the biomedical community to investigate and clinically translate molecular mechanisms of scarless wound healing and regeneration of organ function in a mammalian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12154453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10544116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation and performance characteristics in half-marathon run: a brief narrative review.","authors":"Pantelis Theodoros Nikolaidis,&nbsp;Beat Knechtle","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09633-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-022-09633-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Half-marathon (HM) is a running sport of increasing popularity in both sexes and in all age groups worldwide during the last years. Many studies have examined several aspects of HM, such as performance and participation trends, sex and age differences, physiological correlates, and training; however, no comprehensive review has ever been contacted to summarize the recently accumulated knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to review all previous research in this sport, focusing on participation and performance aspects. It was shown that HM runners had similar anthropometric and physiological characteristics as full-marathon runners which should be attributed to the affinity of these two races in terms of metabolic demands. Performance in HM was related with superior scores in aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen uptake, anaerobic threshold and running economy) and training characteristics (sport experience, weekly distance, training speed, frequency of sessions and long single endurance run distance), and lower scores in adiposity-related scores (e.g. body mass, body mass index, body fat percentage and skinfold thickness). Considering the popularity of HM race and the lack of many original studies (compared to FM race), this is an exciting field for scientific research with a large potential for practical applications, since the majority of HM runners are amateur runners in need of sex-, age- and performance-tailored exercise prescription.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10329575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10191783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cardiovascular challenges in giraffes.","authors":"Christian Aalkjær,&nbsp;Tobias Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09626-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-022-09626-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Giraffes are the highest living animals on Earth and therefore are challenged by gravity more than any other species. In particular the cardiovascular system needs to adapt to this challenge. Giraffes have a mean blood pressure around 200 mmHg, which ensures a mean arterial pressure near the head of 100 mmHg when the giraffe is standing with the neck in a near vertical position. This immediately raises several questions. How do giraffes avoid edema in the legs where the arterial pressure is 300 mmHg or higher? How does the heart produce a pressure of 200 mmHg, and what is the energy required for this endeavor? How can the kidney tolerate a pressure of about 200 mmHg and does this mean that giraffes have a high glomerular filtration rate? What is the arterial pressure in the head of giraffes when they drink, and how is perfusion of the brain maintained when they lift their head after drinking? In this short review, we present some answers to these questions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 2","pages":"53-60"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10194592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six weeks of high-load resistance and low-load blood flow restricted training increase Na/K-ATPase sub-units α2 and β1 equally, but does not alter ClC-1 abundance in untrained human skeletal muscle.","authors":"Jakob Wang,&nbsp;Emil Rindom,&nbsp;Thomas Groennebaek,&nbsp;Peter Sieljacks,&nbsp;Jesper Emil Jakobsgaard,&nbsp;Jean Farup,&nbsp;Kristian Vissing,&nbsp;Thomas Holm Pedersen,&nbsp;Frank Vincenzo de Paoli","doi":"10.1007/s10974-023-09644-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-023-09644-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contractile function of skeletal muscle relies on the ability of muscle fibers to trigger and propagate action potentials (APs). These electrical signals are created by transmembrane ion transport through ion channels and membrane transporter systems. In this regard, the Cl^- ion channel 1 (ClC-1) and the Na⁺/K^--ATPase (NKA) are central for maintaining ion homeostasis across the sarcolemma during intense contractile activity. Therefore, this randomized controlled trial aimed to investigate the changes in ClC-1 and specific NKA subunit isoform expression in response to six weeks (18 training sessions) of high-load resistance exercise (HLRE) and low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE), respectively. HLRE was conducted as 4 sets of 12 repetitions of knee extensions performed at 70% of 1 repetition maximum (RM), while BFRRE was conducted as 4 sets of knee extensions at 30% of 1RM performed to volitional fatigue. Furthermore, the potential associations between protein expression and contractile performance were investigated. We show that muscle ClC-1 abundance was not affected by either exercise modality, whereas NKA subunit isoforms [Formula: see text]² and [Formula: see text]¹ increased equally by appx. 80-90% with BFRRE (p < 0.05) and 70-80% with HLRE (p < 0.05). No differential impact between exercise modalities was observed. At baseline, ClC-1 protein expression correlated inversely with dynamic knee extensor strength (r=-0.365, p = 0.04), whereas no correlation was observed between NKA subunit content and contractile performance at baseline. However, training-induced changes in NKA [Formula: see text]² subunit (r = 0.603, p < 0.01) and [Formula: see text]¹ subunit (r = 0.453, p < 0.05) correlated with exercise-induced changes in maximal voluntary contraction. These results suggest that the initial adaptation to resistance-based exercise does not involve changes in ClC-1 abundance in untrained skeletal muscle, and that increased content of NKA subunits may facilitate increases in maximal force production.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 1","pages":"25-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9693879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay promote C2C12 cell proliferation by targeting PIK3R5.","authors":"Zhenzhou Huang,&nbsp;Yishu Peng,&nbsp;Yuhui Wei,&nbsp;Yanjie Tan","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09639-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-022-09639-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved RNA quality control system, which can specifically clear abnormal mRNA and play an important role in tumorigenesis. Myoblast proliferation plays an important role in the repair of skeletal muscle injury and the development of myosarcoma, and is controlled by a variety of transcription factors and signals. The molecular mechanism by which NMD regulates the proliferation of myoblast cells is not completely clear. In this study, we found that the NMD activity of skeletal muscle is high in 1-week-old mice but decreases gradually with age, corresponding to a weakening capacity for muscle growth and regeneration. Here, we provide evidence that NMD plays an important role in myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. In addition, we found that PIK3R5 is an NMD substrate gene which can inhibit AKT activity and C2C12 cell proliferation. Therefore, NMD can target PIK3R5 to enhance AKT activity, which in turn promotes C2C12 cell proliferation. This study provides new insights into NMD regulatory mechanisms in muscular development and into potential novel therapeutic strategies for muscle atrophy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 1","pages":"11-23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9681332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preservation of shortening velocity and power output in single muscle fibres from patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.","authors":"Franclo Henning,&nbsp;Tertius Abraham Kohn","doi":"10.1007/s10974-022-09638-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10974-022-09638-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune disorders of skeletal muscle causing weakness and disability. Utilizing single fibre contractility studies, we have previously shown that contractility is affected in muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs. For the current study, we hypothesized that a compensatory increase in shortening velocity occurs in muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs in an effort to maintain power output. We performed in vitro single fibre contractility studies to assess force-velocity relationships and maximum shortening velocity (V_max) of muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs (25 type I and 58 type IIA) and healthy controls (66 type I and 27 type IIA) and calculated maximum power output (W_max) for each fibre. We found significantly higher V_max (mean ± SEM) of fibres from individuals with IIMs, for both type I (1.40 ± 0.31 fibre lengths/s, n = vs. 0.63 ± 0.13 fibre lengths/s; p = 0.0019) and type IIA fibres (2.00 ± 0.17 fibre lengths/s vs 0.77 ± 0.10 fibre lengths/s; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, W_max (mean ± SEM) was maintained compared to fibres from healthy controls, again for both type I and type IIA fibres (4.10 ± 1.00 kN/m²·fibre lengths/s vs. 2.00 ± 0.16 kN/m²·fibre lengths/s; p = ns and 9.00 ± 0.64 kN/m²·fibre lengths/s vs. 6.00 ± 0.67 kN/m²·fibre lengths/s; p = ns respectively). In addition, type I muscle fibres from individuals with IIMs was able to develop maximum power output at lower relative force. The findings of this study suggest that compensatory responses to maintain power output, including increased maximum shortening velocity and improved efficiency, may occur in muscle of individuals with IIMs. The mechanism underlying this response is unclear, and different hypotheses are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16422,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility","volume":"44 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9689613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}