Journal of microbiological methods最新文献

{"title":"Spawn-based pellets of Pleurotus ostreatus as an applied approach for the production of laccase in different types of water","authors":"Inoka Sanjeewani Ranamukha Hewage ,&nbsp;Oksana Golovko ,&nbsp;Malin Hultberg","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2025.107092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, oxidoreductase enzymes such as laccases have received considerable attention for their ability to degrade and eliminate organic micropollutants from contaminated water in a process known as enzyme-based wastewater treatment. Thus, methods to produce high laccase activity in water are a point of focus, with white-rot fungi being highlighted as a tool in this context. This study, therefore, explored the applied approach of direct addition of mushroom spawn of the white-rot fungi <em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> into water and its potential for laccase production under different conditions. Grain spawn was observed to be preferable to sawdust spawn, resulting in laccase activity of 53.9 ± 5.9 U/L and 4.8 ± 0.8 U/L, respectively. Laccase activity was induced by adding kraft lignin (4 g/L), and an eightfold increase to 446.3 ± 43.1 U/L was observed for grain spawn. Lignin accumulated in the spawn over time, resulting in brown pellets composed of spawn, mycelium and lignin. Our results demonstrated that high levels of laccase activity could be obtained in different types of water, including effluent municipal wastewater, using this method. No impact from the addition of inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrate, N-levels 14 mg/L, 140 mg/L) or organic nitrogen sources (urea, yeast extract, wheat bran, N-levels 14 mg/L, 140 mg/L) was observed for the treatment with grain spawn and lignin, suggesting that stable laccase activity can be expected under these nutritional conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 107092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143006978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I-dOne: A diagnostic tool in the field of identification of clinically relevant microbial strains","authors":"Giulio Camarlinghi ,&nbsp;Eva Maria Parisio ,&nbsp;Agostino Ognibene","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the performance of I-dOne, the first CE-IVD marked software for microbial species identification based on Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and compares its results with MALDI-TOF MS technology (Vitek MS, bioMérieux). A total of 410 clinical isolates were analyzed, spanning 45 species and 24 genera. I-dOne demonstrated a high agreement rate (97.3 %) with the Vitek MS, meeting CLSI standard for microbial identification accuracy. Additionally, this study explored the development of a novel algorithm within I-dOne to discriminate between <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> and <em>Bacteroides ovatus</em> strains, overcoming the current limitations in species-level differentiation. Finally, the influence of ageing under prolonged aerobic exposure on ATR-FTIR profiles was investigated, highlighting no significant spectral changes in <em>Bacteroides fragilis</em> strains under prolonged aerobic exposure. These findings underscore the accuracy of I-dOne software in microbial identification, offering a reliable alternative to conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 107083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142895527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broth microdilution protocol for determining antimicrobial susceptibility of Legionella pneumophila to clinically relevant antimicrobials","authors":"Max Sewell ,&nbsp;Caitlin Farley ,&nbsp;Edward A.R. Portal ,&nbsp;Diane Lindsay ,&nbsp;Maria Luisa Ricci ,&nbsp;Sophie Jarraud ,&nbsp;Maria Scaturro ,&nbsp;Ghislaine Descours ,&nbsp;Anne Vatland Krøvel ,&nbsp;Rachael Barton ,&nbsp;Ian Boostom ,&nbsp;Roisin Ure ,&nbsp;Darja Kese ,&nbsp;Valeria Gaia ,&nbsp;Matej Golob ,&nbsp;Susanne Paukner ,&nbsp;Christophe Ginevra ,&nbsp;Baharak Afshar ,&nbsp;Sendurann Nadarajah ,&nbsp;Ingrid Wybo ,&nbsp;Abdelrahim Zoued","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently there is no detailed, internationally agreed protocol defined to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for <em>Legionella pneumophila</em> (required to establish epidemiological cut-off value or “ECOFF” boundaries); therefore, antimicrobial resistance in these isolates cannot be defined. AST methods utilising media containing activated charcoal as an ingredient, to enable <em>Legionella</em> growth, are unreliable as noted in an internationally authored opinion paper and a new gold standard is required. Here we define a detailed protocol for broth microdilution (BMD) using defined cell culture collection-deposited control reference strains (Philadelphia-1 and Knoxville-1) as well as two accessible reference strains with moderately (<em>lpeAB</em>-carrying) and markedly (23S <em>rRNA</em> mutation-carrying) elevated azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The defined protocol enables up to eight <em>L. pneumophila</em> strains to be set up on a single 96-well plate per antimicrobial tested. Initial ranges to routinely capture an MIC for these reference strains using clinically relevant antimicrobials azithromycin (0.01–0.25 mg/L), levofloxacin (0.008–0.03 mg/L), lefamulin (0.01–2 mg/L), rifampicin (0.0002–0.0008 mg/L) and doxycycline (0.25–16 mg/L) following incubation for 48 h at 37 °C in a shaking incubator have been empirically determined. Establishment of this internationally agreed protocol sets the scene for the next step: validation and comparison of antimicrobial ranges between international <em>Legionella</em> reference laboratories to establish putative resistance cut-off thresholds for these clinically relevant antimicrobials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 107071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142872025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex allele-specific PCR and DNA chromatography to identify genotypes of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variants","authors":"Nobuo Arai ,&nbsp;Yukino Tamamura-Andoh ,&nbsp;Taketoshi Iwata ,&nbsp;Ayako Watanabe-Yanai ,&nbsp;Masahiro Kusumoto","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We constructed a simple genotyping method combining multiplex allele-specific PCR and DNA chromatography for <em>Salmonella enterica</em> subsp. <em>enterica</em> serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variant. The developed method can be used to estimate the genetic background of isolates, and it facilitates easy identification of several epidemic clades among these serotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 107082"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of phytoplasma associated with wilt disease in coconut and approaches for its sensitive diagnostics","authors":"Natesan Boopathi ,&nbsp;Gandhi Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;Muthurajan Raveendran ,&nbsp;Iruthayasamy Johnson ,&nbsp;Subbaiyan Maruthasalam ,&nbsp;Thulasy Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Ramaswamy Manimekalai","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coconut wilt associated with phytoplasma presence is a serious disease that threatens the coconut plantations in South India. Symptoms progress rapidly and cause complete destruction of coconut palm which results in severe economic loss to farmers. Survey in the areas of Thanjavur and Coimbatore districts revealed disease incidence upto 2.5 % and the affected palms exhibited unique symptoms, which differ from the root wilt disease symptoms reported so far. Nested PCR with universal primers and multilocus characterization of <em>tuf</em> and certain <em>rp</em> genes confirmed the presence of phytoplasmas. The 16S rRNA ribosomal gene sequence-based identification assigned the coconut wilt phytoplasma to the ‘<em>Candidatus</em> Phytoplasma asteris’ species. To achieve timely management of the disease and also to check its spread, Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and real-time LAMP diagnostics by targeting the 16S rRNA gene, were established for rapid and specific detection of phytoplasma presence. PCR with LAMP outer primers was carried out and sequence analysis confirmed the amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of phytoplasma. LAMP assay positive samples showed the color shift from violet to blue and was further confirmed by the ladder-like bands produced during the amplification. Diseased samples also generated a unique annealing peak at 87 ± 0.5 °C in the real-time LAMP assay. The LAMP protocol devised will be useful for quick and sensitive detection of this phytoplasma and it has potential application to detect phytoplasma presence in suspected coconut palms and to allow screening of nursery seedlings to ensure disease free planting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 107072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142729702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New vectors and optimal conditions for allelic exchange in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Mia E. Van Allen ,&nbsp;Dakshayini G. Chandrashekarappa ,&nbsp;X. Renee Bina,&nbsp;James E. Bina","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is a significant global health threat that has led to increased morbidity and mortality. This resistance also hinders basic research, as many strains are no longer susceptible to antibiotics commonly used in microbial genetics. Addressing this requires the development of new genetic tools with alternative selective markers. In this report, we introduce new allelic exchange vectors for use in drug-resistant strains. These vectors feature a conditional R6K origin of replication, an origin of transfer, SacB counter-selection, and alternative selectable markers. We validated the vectors by generating unmarked deletions in the <em>K. pneumoniae</em> KPPR1S <em>bla</em> (β-lactamase) and <em>lacZ</em> (β-galactosidase) genes. During this process, we defined optimized conditions for SacB-mediated allelic exchange in KPPR1S, significantly enhancing the efficiency of mutant generation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that <em>lacZ</em> is dispensable for virulence and that the <em>lacZ</em> mutant can serve as a surrogate for wild-type strains in competition assays using the <em>Galleria mellonella</em> infection model. Our findings provide new tools for the efficient genetic manipulation of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and other drug-resistant bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 107070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142681726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concordance in molecular methods for detection of antimicrobial resistance: A cross sectional study of the influent to a wastewater plant","authors":"Kezia Drane ,&nbsp;Roger Huerlimann ,&nbsp;Rhondda Jones ,&nbsp;Anna Whelan ,&nbsp;Madoc Sheehan ,&nbsp;Ellen Ariel ,&nbsp;Robert Kinobe","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methods that are used to characterise microbiomes and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater are not standardised. We used shotgun metagenomic sequencing (SM-Seq), RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and targeted qPCR to compare microbial and ARG diversity in the influent to a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Australia. ARGs were annotated with CARD-RGI and MEGARes databases, and bacterial diversity was characterised by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and SM-Seq, with species annotation in SILVA/GreenGenes databases or Kraken2 and the NCBI nucleotide database respectively. CARD and MEGARes identified evenly distributed ARG profiles but MEGARes detected a richer array of ARGs (richness = 475 vs 320). Qualitatively, ARGs encoding for aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin and multidrug resistance were the most abundant in all examined databases. RNA-seq detected only 32 % of ARGs identified by SM-Seq, but there was concordance in the qualitative identification of aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide, phenicol, sulfonamide and multidrug resistance by SM-Seq and RNA-seq. qPCR confirmed the detection of some ARGs, including <em>OXA</em>, <em>VEB</em> and <em>EREB</em>, that were identified by SM-Seq and RNA-seq in the influent. For bacteria, SM-Seq or 16S rRNA gene sequencing were equally effective in population profiling at phyla or class level. However, SM-Seq identified a significantly higher species richness (richness = 15,000 vs 3750). These results demonstrate that SM-Seq with gene annotation in CARD and MEGARes are equally sufficient for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in wastewater. For more precise ARG identification and quantification however, MEGARes presented a better resolution. The functionality of detected ARGs was not confirmed, but general agreement on the putative phenotypic resistance profile by antimicrobial class was observed between RNA-Seq and SM-Seq.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 107069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Speckle Image analysis for identifying the minimum lethal concentration of ampicillin in Escherichia coli liquid cultures","authors":"Kiran Philip Isaac ,&nbsp;Priya Krishnamurthy ,&nbsp;Sujatha Narayanan Unni ,&nbsp;Sudha Narayani Rao ,&nbsp;Krupakar Parthasarathy","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding a pathogen's sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs through Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) is crucial for effective treatment planning for bactericidal drugs. In this paper, we propose a novel approach using Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI) to determine the MLC of <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>), a common pathogenic bacterial species. LSI enables the capture and analysis of the dynamic changes in speckle patterns caused by alterations in optical scattering and shape alterations of bacterial cells as a response to antibiotic treatments through a label-free approach. The observed speckle pattern changes are correlated with the gold standard method to determine the MLC, representing the lowest concentration at which <em>E. coli</em> is lethally affected. The results demonstrate the potential of LSI as a reliable and rapid method for determining the MLC of <em>E. coli</em>. This method has much potential for antimicrobial research since it provides a quick, non-destructive evaluation of bacterial responses to various bactericidal antibiotic doses without requiring labor-intensive processes like pour plate tests to calculate the MLC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 107068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142622188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a MALDI-TOF MS model for differentiating haemorrhagic septicaemia-causing strains of Pasteurella multocida from other capsular groups","authors":"Kelli Maddock ,&nbsp;Brianna L.S. Stenger ,&nbsp;Jill C. Roberts ,&nbsp;Emily L. Wynn ,&nbsp;Michael L. Clawson ,&nbsp;John Dustin Loy","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pasteurella multocida</em> capsular types A, D, and F cause disease in many animal hosts, including bovine respiratory disease in cattle, which is one of the most globally significant animal diseases. Additionally, <em>P. multocida</em> capsular types B and E cause haemorrhagic septicaemia, a devastating disease primarily of cattle, water buffalo, and bison that develops rapidly with high mortality. Haemorrhagic septicaemia mostly occurs in developing countries and has potential to emerge elsewhere in the world. The diagnosis of haemorrhagic septicaemia currently requires recognition of compatible gross or histologic lesions and serotyping or molecular characterization of strains. In this study, we performed genomic characterization of 84 <em>P. multocida</em> strains, which were then used to develop and validate a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) biomarker-based method for differentiating non-haemorrhagic septicaemia strains of <em>P. multocida</em> from haemorrhagic septicaemia-causing strains. Haemorrhagic septicaemia strain types B:2,5, E:2,5, and B:3,4 were used to maximize diversity. Three automated classification models were generated and then used to develop an assisted model, which utilized two peaks (6419 and 7729 <em>m/z</em>) to accurately differentiate non-haemorrhagic septicaemia-causing strains from haemorrhagic septicaemia-causing strains of <em>P. multocida.</em> The assisted model performed with 98.2 % accuracy for non-haemorrhagic septicaemia strains, 100 % accuracy for classic B:2,5 and E:2,5 strains, and 84.4 % accuracy for combined haemorrhagic septicaemia-causing strains (B:2,5, E:2,5, and B:3,4) with an overall accuracy of 96.9 %. Our results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS may be used to routinely screen <em>P. multocida</em> isolated from diagnostic cases for initial identification of haemorrhagic septicaemia-causing strains, and to determine whether additional characterizations are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 107067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR: New promising biotechnological tool in wastewater treatment","authors":"L.S. Mamatha Bhanu ,&nbsp;Sampriti Kataki ,&nbsp;Soumya Chatterjee","doi":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mimet.2024.107066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for water resources with increase in population has sparked interest in reusing produced water, especially in water-scarce regions. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology is an emerging genome editing tool that has the potential to trigger significant impact with broad application scope in wastewater treatment. We provide a comprehensive overview of the scope of CRISPR-Cas based tool for treating wastewater that may bring new scope in wastewater management in future in controlling harmful contaminants and pathogens. As an advanced versatile genome engineering tool, focusing on particular genes and enzymes that are accountable for pathogen identification, regulation of antibiotic/antimicrobial resistance, and enhancing processes for wastewater bioremediation constitute the primary focal points of research associated with this technology. The technology is highly recommended for targeted mutations to incorporate desirable microalgal characteristics and the development of strains capable of withstanding various wastewater stresses. However, concerns about gene leakage from strains with modified genome and off target mutations should be considered during field application. A comprehensive interdisciplinary approach involving various fields and an intense research focus concerning delivery systems, target genes, detection, environmental conditions, and monitoring at both lab and ground level should be considered to ensure its successful application in sustainable and safe wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16409,"journal":{"name":"Journal of microbiological methods","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 107066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}