Journal of Medicinal Plants Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparative study of wild chamomile plants from the north-west of Morocco: Bioactive components and total antioxidant activity","authors":"Amina EL Mihyaoui, M. C. Castillo, A. Cano, J. Hernández-Ruiz, A. Lamarti, M. B. Arnao","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7159","url":null,"abstract":"Morocco presents numerous plants due its localization between the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean and the variability of its mountainous terrain, with a rich range of medicinal plants. Cladanthus mixtus (L.) Oberpr. & Vogt and Matricaria chamomilla L., two Asteraceae (Compositae) from Beni Hassane region in north-western Morocco are both used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different ailments. The phenolic and flavonoid contents of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of both species were determined by using the Folin Ciocalteu and the aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of their aqueous and organic compounds was performed applying the robust and widely used method ABTS radical scavenging assay. C. mixtus had a higher phenolic content (115.25 mg GAE g -1 DW) than M. chamomilla (82.99 mg GAE g-1 DW). However, flavonoid content of both plants was very close (33.53 and 32.45 mg QE g-1 DW in M. chamomilla and C. mixtus, respectively). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was high in flowers of both plants. Generally, for all the studied organs of the chosen plants, hydrophilic antioxidant activity was significantly higher than the lipophilic antioxidant activity. The correlation results show that these bioactive components in both plants are the main factor influencing the antioxidant activity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cladanthus mixtus, Matricaria chamomilla, Asteraceae, phenolic content, flavonoid content, antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"431-441"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42887471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical survey on medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of intestinal parasitosis of animals and humans in Northern Benin","authors":"Lissette H. Degla, P. Olounladé, L. Lagnika, Sabbas Attindéhou, A. M. Amoussa, C. Dansou, B. Konmy, E. B. V. Azando, S. Hounzangbé-Adoté","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7138","url":null,"abstract":"Parasitic nematodes of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract remain a major threat to both human beings and livestock. The aim of this study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of intestinal parasitosis in the small ruminants and humans. Information relating to the different plants used in the treatment of human intestinal parasitosis and small ruminants was collected through an ethnobotanical survey carried out in the DONGA Department of Benin. On subjecting the traditional healers and small ruminant breeders to a questionnaire, it appears that intestinal parasitosis is manifested mainly by transit disorders (vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea). Forty-four species belonging to twenty-two families were documented and used in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis. Fabaceae is the most represented family and species common to traditional human and veterinary medicine have been reported. Khaya senegalensis was the most cited species used in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis by traditional healers (9%) and small ruminant breeders (27%). A brief review of the literature provided summary of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of intestinal parasitosis. It also made it possible to bring a resemblance between human traditional medicine and veterinary medicine. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Intestinal parasitosis, Indigenous knowledge, Medicinal plants, Ethnobotanical survey, Benin.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"466-478"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43564100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical, elemental and functional group analyses of herbal material and extracts of Cassia sieberiana used in herbal drug formulation","authors":"M. Archer, Micheal Odoi Kyene, D. Kumadoh, G. Yeboah, F. Ayertey, S. Mintah, Henry Brews-Daniels, Tonny Asafo Agyei, A. Appiah, Peter Atta-Adjei Jnr","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7161","url":null,"abstract":"Cassia sieberiana is used traditionally for the treatment of several ailments. The lack of knowledge in the levels of essential mineral contents and heavy metal constituents of C. sieberiana normally collected from various sites for preparation of herbal products can pose serious health risks to consumers. The elemental contents (Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, Hg, Pb, As, Ni, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, N, S and C) of a mixture of the stem and root barks (CSR) of Cassia sieberiana collected from Agomeda in the Eastern Region of Ghana and its extracts (absolute ethanol (CSE 1), 70% ethanol (CSE 2))  were investigated in this study. For the purposes of identification and characterization of CSR, CSE 1 and CSE 2, FT-IR and phytochemical analyses were conducted. The quantity of metals in all test samples were within the acceptable WHO permissible limits except for Cl, Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd contents in CSR. It is mostly the extract of CSR which is consumed traditionally. The quantity of powdered CRS consumed during treatment of ailment may be too low to cause Cl, Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd toxicity. FTIR studies showed similar functional groups in CSR, CSE 1 and CSE 2. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of reducing sugar, saponins, polyphenols, anthracenosides and triterpenes in CSR, CSE 1 and CSE 2.  The elements found in Cassia sieberiana and extracts are vital for human health. Their reported contents indicate CSE 1 and CSE 2 may be suitable for use in drug formulation. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: Cassia sieberiana, herbal medicine, macronutrients, trace elements, heavy metals, functional groups, WHO/FAO.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"490-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48746269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing checkerboard, isobologram and CCD methods for drug combination: A case study of ciprofloxacin and plant extracts on Escherichia coli and Shigella","authors":"G. A. Kemegne, S. Kamdem, M. Nyegue, C. Menut, F. Etoa","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7139","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the interactive antimicrobial activity of conventional antibiotics, namely ciprofloxacin and Mangifera indica bark ethanol extract, Psidium guajava leaves essential oil against two Gram-negative bacteria using checkerboard, isobologram, and central composite design (CCD) methods. The checkerboard method was used for the determination of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) value needed for the interpretation of the interaction. The isobologram was constructed and the geometrical disposition of the combinations used to define the type of interaction. The CCD experimental plan was used to obtain the bactericidal probability. In general the results indicated that the methods do have few similarities in their output for the same combination. According to the results, the isobologram method can be considered as more adapted and can be confirmed using the CCD method for antimicrobials combination because of the flexibility in the testing ratio of antimicrobials to be used. This study brings into light the fact that isobologram and CCD methods should be compared when studying drug interaction. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibiotics, central composite design, checkerboard, isobologram, plant extracts, Escherichia coli, Shigella species.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"479-489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49471996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of n-hexane extract of baobab (Adansonia digitata) fruit on biochemical parameters of l-ng-nitro arginine methyl ester induced hypertension in rats","authors":"Ediale Joshua Richard, I. Abi, O. Adeniyi","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7160","url":null,"abstract":"L-NG-Nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) was used to induce hypertension in this experiment and the intervention plant extract was Adansonia digitata fruit. A total of 30 rats were used for this research and divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each. Group 1 was control (water and feed ad libidum), group 2 (L-NAME), group 3 (ramipril 10 mg/kg), group 4 (A. digitata 200 mg/kg), group 5 (A. digitata 400 mg/kg) and group 6 (A. digitata 400 mg/kg no induction). Extract administration lasted 21 days after which animals were anesthetized and blood samples taken for analyses. Prior to this, recordings of blood pressure and weights were recorded. The fruits extract of the baobab plant was found to significantly reduce (P<0.05) the blood pressure in the hypertensive animals compared to the control and test drug. The Na and Cl concentrations in blood were significantly reduced compared to the control and L-NAME group at dose of 400 mg/kg. It was also found to prevent hyperkalemia and normalized creatinine as well as serum protein levels. The extract also significantly reduced the body weight of the animals at same dose. In conclusion, the extract reduced blood pressure in this experiment by reduction of Na (salt) concentration. It is a promising plant that will help sufferers from hypertension. Further studies are needed to study about molecular mechanisms involved in its activities. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: L-name, adansonia digitata, hypertension, Nacl, antioxidant.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"423-430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47292285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piper multinodum C.DC. (Piperaceae) essential oils chemical variation and biological activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis","authors":"Ygor Jessé Ramos, C. Costa-Oliveira, I. Fonseca, Diego da Silva Marcelino, M. Heggdorne-Araújo, E. Lassounskaia, M. Muzitano, G. Queiroz, E. Guimarães, D. Moreira","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7168","url":null,"abstract":"Piper multinodum C.DC. belongs to the Piperaceae family, and is known as “Jaborandi-manso”. This species has no reported botanical, chemical, pharmacological and/or toxicological scientific studies, and has restricted occurrence in degraded Brazilian biomes. The Piper genus is known to be aromatic, the essential oils (EO) obtained from different organs have demonstrated significant biological activities, and can be an important tool for chemophenetic and ecological definitions. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of the EO from different parts of P. multinodum and their activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC, 25618). The EO were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by GC-MS and GC-FID. Chemical composition of the volatile mixture showed a great diversity of compounds that diverged between the vegetative and reproductive parts. The α-pinene compound was identified as being the most predominant in the leaves, infructescences and inflorescences (32.49, 67.23 and 40.23%, respectively). The branches (secondary stem) showed to be rich in sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes: α-copaene (13.24%), E-caryophyllene (12.32%), α-pinene (20.34%), and myrcene (11.23%). The chemical profile of stems and roots showed a low percentage of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, but a high percentage of arylpropanoids, with E-methyl-isoeugenol (77.58%) registered in the stems and euasarone (81.34%) in the root. The antimycobacterial activity showed the highest activities recorded for the EO from roots (78.51 µg/mL) and infructescences (85.91 µg/mL). In addition to the findings related to biological activity, the determination of chemical diversification between the different parts of P. multinodum may help to understand the ecological issues of the Piperaceae family as well as to improve the chemotaxonomic knowledge of the genus Piper. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Piper multinodum; essential oils; antimycobacterial activity; chemical composition.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"413-422"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41807489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical investigation, toxic potential and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of Parkia platycephala leaf and seed extracts","authors":"Debby Rachel, Angélica María, Farinelli Panontin Juliane, R. Daniela, Maia de Morais Selene, Mendes Soares Ilsamar, Scapin Elisandra","doi":"10.5897/jmpr2021.7158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/jmpr2021.7158","url":null,"abstract":"1 Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology BIONORTE, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil. 2 Environmental Engineering Course, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil 3 Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences CIAMB, Federal University of Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil 4 Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, Center for Science and Technology, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil 5 Degree Course in Biological Sciences, Federal Institute of Tocantins, Araguatins, TO, Brazil","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45828122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of leaf extracts of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. and Leucosidea sericea Eckl. Zeyh. for genotoxicity and the modulation of EMS-induced genotoxicity","authors":"A. Okorie, S. Magama, M. Nthabiseng","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7097","url":null,"abstract":"A battery of short-term in vitro assays for apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity are used to screen and establish the efficacy of medicinal plants. This study evaluated three concentrations (0.1, 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml) of methanolic leaf extracts of Artemisia afra and Leucosidea sericea and their individual mixtures with Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) (0.15 mg/ml) for induction of those end points using the in vivo Allium cepa assay. Cytotoxicity was measured by the mitotic index, genotoxicity was expressed as the number of aberrant mitotic cells per 100 mitotic cells and modulatory effect (ME) was calculated as: ME = (B - C) - (A - C) / (A - C) and the value, positive or negative, indicated the number of units of the mutagen-induced genotoxicity (A) that equaled the mixture-induced genotoxicity (B). The three concentrations of A. afra extract tested did not induce cell cycle arrest and were not cytotoxic. The 0.4 mg/ml concentration and its mixture with EMS were genotoxic. The concentrations of L. sericea extract tested did not induce cell cycle arrest, were not cytotoxic nor genotoxic to the A. cepa root tip cells. The mixture of either 0.2 or 0.4 mg/ml L. sericea extract with EMS was genotoxic. The mixture of 0.4 mg/ml L. sericea extract with EMS was significantly more (ME = 4.40>2) genotoxic than EMS alone. Leaf extracts of A. afra and L. sericea lacked cell-cycle arrest activity, were non-toxic but lacked antigenotoxic activity against EMS-induced genotoxicity. High concentrations of A. afra were genotoxic whereas high concentrations of L. sericea interacted synergistically with EMS. Chromosomal abnormalities observed included sticky chromosomes, c-mitosis, chromosome largards, chromosome fragments, anaphase and telophase bridges.    \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Anti-genotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, safety of medicinal plants of Lesotho.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"269-282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activity of Buchholzia coriacea and Psychotria microphylla leaf extracts on bacterial pathogens isolated from aquatic environments in Nigeria","authors":"I. Ude, I. Moses, C. Okoronkwo, K. Ovia, C. Okafor, C. Chukwunwejim, O. D. Okata-Nwali, C. Iroha, S. Akuma, I. Peter, Uzoeto Ho, J. Ngwu, A. L. Onuorah, B. N. John-Onwe, I. Iroha","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7052","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants as alternative therapy for the treatment of microbial infections is significant in the maintenance of good health, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Buchholzia coriacea and Psychotria microphylla leaf extracts on bacteria isolated from aquatic environments in Nigeria. Exactly 736 water samples from boreholes, ponds, rivers, streams, and wells respectively were collected for this study. Antimicrobial activity of B. coriacea and P. microphylla leaf extracts were determined using standard microbiological techniques. Phytochemical and chemical constituents of the herbal extracts were determined using standard analytical techniques. Bacteria isolated from the water samples were Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 103), Escherichia coli (n = 118), and Vibrio cholerae (n = 87). extracts of B. coriacea and P. microphylla showed appreciable antibacterial activities. B. coriacea and P. microphylla leaf extracts showed the presence of minerals, alkaloids, protein, terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, and vitamins. Plant extracts used in this study exhibited an amazing antibacterial activity against bacterial isolates from the water bodies. Thus, B. coriacea and P. microphylla plants should be further explored to determine the active component(s) responsible for their antibacterial activity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antimicrobial activity, B. coriacea, P. microphylla, leaf extracts, bacteria, aquatic environments, phytochemical composition.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"232-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49020521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of different parts of Adansonia Digitata","authors":"A. Quartey, I. Ayensu, E. Orman, N. Mireku-Gyimah, Yakubu Jibira, P. Goku","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7079","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to investigate the anti-inflammatory property of the different parts of Adansonia digitata (Malvaceae) extracts. A. digitata is an important medicinal plant to West Africa including Ghana. The plant is used effectively in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases such as joint disorders, asthma, toothache and painful swelling. Carrageenan-induced pedal oedema in 7-day old chicks was was the model used to determine the anti-inflammatory property of the extracts obtained from six different parts of A. digitata. The extracts were also assessed for their acute toxicity. The results from the acute toxicity test showed there were no behavioural changes, toxic signs, or death in the rats when given the highest dose (3000 mg/kg) of the extracts orally. The six extracts demonstrated varying degrees of anti-inflammatory effects, in a dose-dependent manner; with the stem extract giving the most potent activity with an ED50 of 145.3 ± 7.6 mg/kg, followed by the flower (167.5 ± 10.42 mg/kg), leaves (169.7 ± 8.76 mg/kg), root bark (187.8 ± 11.2 mg/kg), fruit pulp (218.8 ± 6.86 mg/kg), and the seed (267.1 ± 12.3 mg/kg) as compared to the positive control (diclofenac, ED50 = 55.08±6.11 mg/kg) (p < 0.0001). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Adansonia digitata, carrageenan-induced pedal oedema, anti-inflammatory activity, traditional medicine, acute toxicity.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"252-259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45114066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}