Journal of Medicine and Life最新文献

{"title":"Patients' satisfaction with healthcare services in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ramy Hassan Agwa, Turki Alkully, Warda Othman, Sahar Abdulrahman Alghamdi, Haya Abdulaziz Alzahrani, Nada Saleh Algamdi, Yahya Saeed Al Zahrani, Abdulrhman Saleh Alzhrani","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0391","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patient satisfaction is crucial in assessing healthcare quality, encompassing factors such as continuity of care, waiting times, and physician-patient communication. This study evaluated patient satisfaction with healthcare services and determined the main reasons for low self-reported quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Al-Baha region, including Saudi adults aged 18 to 60 who visited public or private health centers. Data were collected using a modified patient satisfaction questionnaire. The Chi-square test and logistic regression were utilized. Out of 388 participants, 55.2% were women. Most were highly educated and resided in Al-Baha. Long waiting times (38.4%) and appointment difficulties (25.8%) were the most common drawbacks. Men and Al-Baha residents had higher satisfaction scores. Higher income was linked to better accessibility and convenience scores. Satisfaction was higher among patients at private hospitals. The study provides insights into patient satisfaction in Al-Baha, highlighting the need to reduce waiting times and improve appointment systems to enhance healthcare quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 2","pages":"94-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11932509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143710171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography accuracy and features in detecting open globe injuries in patients with ocular trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Ghada Aljuhani, Nahla Aljuhani","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0353","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Open globe injuries (OGIs) can have devastating impacts on patients' lives. Early detection of OGIs is crucial for improving outcomes, as any delay in treatment can result in significant consequences. Radiological imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT), aids ophthalmologists in diagnosing this condition, especially in challenging cases. This literature review aimed to evaluate the accuracy of CT scans in identifying features of OGIs based on current evidence. This systematic review adhered to the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. PubMed and EBSCOhost databases were searched using the keywords 'rupture globe' or 'open globe' and 'computed tomography' or 'CT'. Articles published in English between 1990 and 2023 were considered for inclusion, whereas review articles were excluded from the analysis. The initial search yielded 169 studies, and nine studies were included in the final screening. This review encompassed 917 eyes. The pooled specificity of the CT scan in detecting OGIs among patients with ocular trauma was 0.94 with 95% CI (0.92-0.96), and the pooled sensitivity was 0.77 with 95% CI (0.72-0.81). The area under the curve was 0.91, indicating the excellent ability of the CT scan to detect open globe injury. CT scans demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy for detecting OGI. While CT is highly effective in identifying ocular trauma, careful interpretations remain essential. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are recommended to refine its diagnostic role further.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"20-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891614/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic variants in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes associated with female breast and ovarian cancer in the Mexican population.","authors":"Flor Daniela Alday-Montañez, Daniel Dickens-Terrazas, Gloria Erika Mejia-Carmona, Elisa Robles-Escajeda, Robert Arthur Kirken, Alfonso Enrique Bencomo-Alvarez, Victor Josue Carrasco-Urrutia, Naun Lobo-Galo, Luis Fernando Plenge-Tellechea, Ángel Gabriel Diaz-Sanchez, Alejandro Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0213","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast and ovarian cancers are significant global health challenges, with inherited variations in breast cancer gene 1 (<i>BRCA1</i>) and breast cancer gene 2 (<i>BRCA2</i>) substantially increasing the risk, aggressiveness, and early onset of these diseases. This work aimed to examine pathogenic variants (PVs) in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> databases that include Mexican populations. A systematic review of literature and data mining spanning from 2002 to 2023 was conducted. Articles published in journals indexed in SCImago quartiles Q1 to Q4 were screened. Databases were paired, standardized, and enriched with data from reputable global platforms: Genome Data Viewer, dbSNP, ClinVar, gnomAD browser, Breast Cancer Information Core (BIC), ClinGen, Varsome, Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS), Bioproject, Ensembl, Gene NIH NCIB, UniProt, and BRCA Exchange. Outcomes included data from 9,026 Mexican genotypes, identifying 657 PVs. Genetic mapping revealed certain exons, notably exon 10 of <i>BRCA1</i> and exon 11 of <i>BRCA2</i>, as highly mutagenic hot spots. The most frequent alteration was a large deletion in <i>BRCA1</i> (ex9-12del), associated with a founder effect originating from a common Mexican ancestor. Finally, we constructed a genetic map containing all the single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and large rearrangements presented in the analyzed databases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891617/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The celiac ganglia and trunk: an assessment of anatomical variants and their clinical relevance.","authors":"Diana-Theodora Morgos, Lucian-George Eftimie, Horia Nicolae, Remus Iulian Nica, Constantin Stefani, Daniela Miricescu, Adrian Tulin, Florin Mihail Filipoiu","doi":"10.25122/jml-2025-0015","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2025-0015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The celiac ganglia are a network of nerve fibers that regulate various functions related to digestion, while the celiac trunk is a major artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the stomach, small intestine, and other organs in the upper abdominal region. Anatomical variants of these structures are common and can have significant implications for surgical and medical procedures. This prospective observational study was conducted over one year and included 300 patients (aged 45-75 years) with a history of peripheral arterial disease, evaluated at Dr. Carol Davila Central Military Emergency Hospital Bucharest, Romania, using a Philips Spectral CT 7500. The study identified three major anatomical variants of the celiac trunk, each associated with different positional distributions of the celiac ganglia. In cases where the celiac trunk presented as a hepatosplenic trunk with the left gastric artery originating from the abdominal aorta, the lateral position of the celiac ganglia was most prevalent. When the hepatosplenic trunk included the left gastric artery arising from the splenic artery, the postero-lateral position of the celiac ganglia was the most frequently observed. In patients with a hepatogastric trunk, where the splenic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery, the lateral position of the celiac ganglia was again the most common. Statistical analysis reveals a t-statistic of 7.391 and 11.319 with a P value of 0.002. This article reviewed the anatomical variants of the celiac ganglia and their anatomical variants, highlighting their prevalence, clinical significance, and implications for surgical and interventional procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"60-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891612/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes of pediatric patients prioritized as critical (P1/P2) by registered triage nurses from a tertiary care hospital in a low-middle-income country.","authors":"Emad Uddin Siddiqui, Noor Ul Ain, Abid Ali Jamali, Ghazala Irfan Kazi, Tooba Siddiqui","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0228","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Triage in emergency departments (EDs) is a dynamic decision-making process to prioritize patients based on their medical care needs. The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a simple-to-use, five-level triage system that categorizes ED patients according to clinical urgency. The triage nurse's ability to obtain a brief history and rapidly assess clinical urgency is crucial for ensuring safe and efficient emergency care. This study aimed to assess the ability of registered triage nurses to accurately identify pediatric patients classified as Priority 1 (P1) and Priority 2 (P2) under the ESI, ensuring timely, life-saving interventions for critically ill children. A prospective chart review was conducted over six months, including all pediatric patients (aged 0-16 years) presenting to the ED and categorized as P1 or P2. Demographic data such as age, weight, gender, presenting complaints, vital signs at presentation, treatments administered in the ED, length of stay, and final disposition (admitted or discharged) were collected. Data were presented as mean ± SD or percentages with ranges. The association between the triage category and outcomes was assessed using the chi-square test. A total of 503 pediatric cases were included, with a mean age of 2.96 ± 3.79 years. The cohort comprised 311 male (62%) and 192 female patients (38%), with 250 patients (50%) under one year of age. Most patients (<i>n</i> = 308, 61%) were categorized as P2. Respiratory difficulties and fever were identified in 167 (33%) children, followed by cough/shortness of breath (SOB), fall/road traffic accident (RTA), and seizures. Among P1 cases, 11 patients (2%) required ventilatory support. A total of 384 patients (76%) were admitted to the hospital, with 297 (60%) admitted to general wards, primarily P2 cases. Significant associations were observed between triage category and outcomes, including seizures/febrile fits (P1: 20.5% vs. P2: 11.4%, <i>P</i> = 0.005) and pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions (P1: 26.1% vs. P2: 5.1%, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Outcome measurements, like hospitalization, mode of admission (PICU or special care unit), mortality, length of stay in ED, cost of ED stays, and resources utilized, were all dependent on the initial triage categorization. The ESI triage system demonstrated its predictive value in determining urgency and guiding subsequent clinical decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"48-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological trends of HSV-1 and HSV-2 Central Nervous System Infections: A Retrospective Analysis from 2018 to 2023 from Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Abdulaziz Alhazmi, Amal Gharawi, Khalid Alameer, Bandar Abuageelah, Ehab Hakami, Taif Zogel, Abdullah Almalki, Ebhar Magrashi, Wafa Alharbi, Ramis Manni, Atheer Buayti, Ali Qasem, Tareq Khawaji, Moayad Haddad, Nabil Dhayhi","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0377","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 are significant etiologies to central nervous system (CNS) infections, leading to potential severe neurological consequences. Despite their global impact, our region's data on the epidemiology of HSV CNS infections remains limited. This study assessed the epidemiology and diagnostic trends of HSV-1 and HSV-2 CNS infections in a tertiary hospital in Southwestern Saudi Arabia from 2018 to 2023. A retrospective study was conducted using data from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients with suspected CNS infection between 2018 and 2023. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) results for detecting HSV-1 and HSV-2, performed as part of routine clinical diagnostics, were analyzed. Data on patient demographics, specimen collection times (including months and years), laboratory processing times, and seasonal trends were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and univariate analysis. Of the 280 samples, 11.0% were positive for HSV, with 10.0% positive for HSV-1 and 1.0% for HSV-2. Most HSV-positive cases were found in patients aged ≥51 years (27.0%). Peak detection occurred in 2020, with seasonal spikes in May and September. The turnaround time significantly varied, with the shortest laboratory turnaround time for PCR results recorded in 2020 (35.54 hours), while the longest was in 2021 (167.38 hours). This study reports an important burden of HSV-related CNS infections in Southwestern Saudi Arabia, indicating the importance of timely diagnosis through PCR testing. Our findings highlight the need for improved diagnostic workflows and enhanced epidemiological surveillance. Future research should explore broader regional and clinical data related to HSV CNS infection epidemiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"54-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891609/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing the complexities of horseshoe kidney: insights into embryogenesis and surgical considerations.","authors":"Ovidiu-Catalin Nechita, Daniel Badescu, Razvan-Ionut Popescu, Stefan Rascu, Razvan-Cosmin Petca, Justin Aurelian, Traian Constantin, Cristian-Valentin Toma, Viorel Jinga, Bogdan Geavlete","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0325","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is a common renal malformation with unique and complex characteristics. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Several theories have been proposed regarding HSK formation, such as the close apposition of the kidneys during ascent through an arterial fork, lateral flexion of the trunk, and caudal embryonic rotation. Emerging evidence from animal models implicates notochord signaling and the sonic hedgehog pathway in HSK formation. The isthmus, a defining feature of HSK, is hypothesized to arise from ectopic mesenchymal tissue. The surgical anatomy of HSK is complex, given the variability in location, orientation, and blood supply. Both arterial and venous anatomy exhibit significant variability, raising questions about whether anomalous blood supply is a cause or a consequence of abnormal renal position. The isthmus usually contains functional renal parenchyma and fusion between the kidneys, primarily at the lower pole. While it is often stated that the inferior mesenteric artery is \"held back\" at the L3 level, this anatomical configuration is present in only 40% of cases. The review highlights the need for further research and provides a comprehensive overview of HSK knowledge.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"10-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the efficacy and safety of bridging therapy vs. monotherapy in patients with minor stroke: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Abdulsalam Aleid, Saud Aldanyowi, Abdulmajeed Aljabr, Sami Almalki, Awn Alessa, Mostafa Alhodibi, Mohammed Alsuwaylih, Yousef Alanazi, Abbas Almutair","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0318","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0318","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The two main therapeutic approaches for stroke treatment are endovascular thrombectomy, which involves mechanically removing the thrombus, and bridging therapy, which uses intravenous thrombolytics (IVT) prior to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). This study aimed to compare monotherapy (EVT or IVT alone) with bridging therapy (IVT+EVT) in terms of efficacy and safety outcomes in patients with minor ischemic stroke. After a thorough screening, eight studies were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis, comprising a total of 3,117 patients across the treatment arms. The main outcomes of interest were the efficacy of treatment modality, the rate of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality. In terms of functional outcomes measured by the Modified Rankin Score (mRs) 0-1, no significant difference was observed when comparing IVT monotherapy with bridging therapy (IVT+EVT), with an odds ratio of 0.79 (<i>P</i> = 0.41). However, IVT was associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) compared to bridging therapy (OR = 0.51; <i>P</i> = 0.02), while EVT was associated with an increased risk of sICH compared to bridging therapy (OR = 8.33; <i>P</i> = 0.01). Mortality rates were comparable between IVT alone compared to bridging therapy and EVT alone compared to bridging therapy (<i>P</i> = 0.14). Although both treatment modalities share similar efficacy, there was a trend in favoring bridging therapy for mortality rates, but it was not statistically significant. Future randomized controlled trials and updated systematic reviews are needed within five to ten years to increase sample sizes and potentially identify statistically significant differences in mortality and other outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891610/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finite element analysis (FEA) of the stress behavior of some dental materials.","authors":"Paolo Di Francesco, Anamaria Bechir, Anca Iuliana Popescu, Manuela Victoria Chivu, Anca Monica Dobrescu, Raluca Monica Comăneanu, Mihail Târcolea","doi":"10.25122/jml-2025-0005","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2025-0005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study compared the biomechanical behavior of three widely used dental materials-zirconia, lithium disilicate (IPS e.max CAD), and 3D-printed composite (VarseoSmile CrownPlus)- for maxillary anterior bridge restorations. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to evaluate the mechanical response of these materials under normal occlusal forces, replicating real clinical conditions. Key factors analyzed included stress distribution, deformation, and potential for failure under high loads. For each material, material constants such as Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus were used in the simulations, with the values chosen from validated literature sources. The findings demonstrated that zirconia exhibited superior mechanical strength and uniform stress distribution, making it an ideal material for posterior restorations subjected to high biomechanical stresses. Lithium disilicate showed balanced stress distribution and proved to be a versatile material suitable for both anterior and moderate-load restorations, with its superior aesthetic properties making it an attractive option for anterior areas. On the other hand, 3D-printed composite materials were found to have higher stress concentrations, particularly in occlusal regions, and exhibited lower elasticity compared to the other materials, limiting their use in permanent restorations but making them suitable for temporary restorations or areas with lower mechanical demands. This study provides valuable insights into the selection of dental materials for different clinical scenarios, emphasizing the importance of FEA in optimizing material choice and restoration design. The results suggest that while zirconia is ideal for long-term durability, lithium disilicate remains the preferred choice for aesthetic requirements, with 3D-printed composites serving as a promising alternative for long-term temporary applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"29-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891613/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-organ correlations in inflammation regulation: a novel biological paradigm in a murine model.","authors":"Yehudit Shabat, Devorah Rotnemer-Golinkin, Lidya Zolotarov, Yaron Ilan","doi":"10.25122/jml-2024-0246","DOIUrl":"10.25122/jml-2024-0246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interactions between immune system constituents are mediated through direct contact or the transfer of mediators. The study aimed to assess the correlation between system components and out-of-body signals in a model of liver inflammation. In the first experiment, mice injected with Concanavalin A (ConA) were housed in a cage with a tube on top containing healthy livers or livers harvested from mice injected with ConA. In the second experiment, mice were housed in a cage with a tube that contained splenocytes harvested from naïve donors or from naïve donors treated in vitro with dexamethasone. Mice were tested for serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. External whole livers and spleens influenced the immune-mediated inflammatory response of mice. When ConA-injected mice were housed in cages with tubes containing livers harvested from naïve mice, ALT serum levels were significantly reduced. ALT serum levels were significantly elevated when mice were kept in cages with a tube containing livers harvested from ConA-injected mice. In the second part of the experiment, mice injected with ConA and housed in cages with a tube on top that contained splenocytes harvested from naïve donors had increased ALT levels. Similarly, mice with tubes containing splenocytes from dexamethasone-treated naïve donors also showed elevated ALT levels. The data suggest that correlations between immune system constituents can be established using out-of-body whole livers or spleens without contact or transfer of mediators.</p>","PeriodicalId":16386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicine and Life","volume":"18 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}