Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Using game performance measure to assess upper limb motor function in children with neuromotor disorders: a systematic review.","authors":"Kevin Rose-Dulcina, Stéphane Armand, Marine Cacioppo","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01699-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01699-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper limb impairments affect children with neuromotor disorders, limiting daily activities and participation. Videogames (ex: virtual reality, computer-based games) have emerged as promising tools for upper limb rehabilitation, offering better engagement and effects on upper limb movements. The capacity of video games to be used for assessing upper limb function with game-based metrics has not yet been explored, and their validation remains unclear. This systematic review aims to determine if game-based metrics can serve as relevant measures to evaluate upper limb impairments in children with neuromotor disorders.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42024550469) was conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane according to PRISMA guidelines. Articles published from inception to the 26th of May 2025 were screened according to inclusion/exclusion criteria and data were extracted focusing on game characteristics, outcomes measured, and their measurement properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening, 26 studies on 1092 articles were included. In total, 443 children, mostly with cerebral palsy (n = 394), mean age 10.1 ± 2.4 years, underwent videogames with quantitative measurements. A total of 112 upper limb game-based outcomes were identified, measured either from the game itself or external instruments. These outcomes included kinematics (60%), game scores (24%), actimetry data (10%), electromyography (5%), and kinetics (>1%). Only 3 studies reported reliability data, with test-retest reliability ranging from poor to excellent across 7 outcomes. For discriminant validity, 8 studies included control participants, assessing 20 outcomes, of which 13 demonstrated the ability to differentiate between groups. Regarding responsiveness, pre-/post-therapy component was investigated through 12 studies across 52 outcomes. Only 29 showed significant improvements after intervention. Convergent validity, explored in 6 studies, reported moderate to high correlations with clinical assessments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present systematic review identified a wide range of game categories and upper limb game performance outcomes, involving different instrumented tools, and covering an interesting range of gestures. Despite the relevance of the game context and the use of instrumented outcomes, there is a lack of validation. To be used as research outcomes and to guide therapies in clinical practice, important work on the measurement properties has to be done.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"177"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of mild cognitive impairment using a virtual reality-based stroop task: a cross-sectional study of embodied behavioral markers.","authors":"Jin-Hyuck Park","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01714-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01714-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Executive dysfunction is commonly impaired in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Traditional tools like the Stroop test are widely used to evaluate this domain but lack ecological validity. Virtual reality (VR)-based cognitive assessments, grounded in embodied cognition, may offer a more immersive and sensitive approach to detecting subtle executive dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study developed and validated a novel VR-based Stroop Test (VRST) that simulates a real-life clothing-sorting task involving incongruent word-color stimuli. A total of 413 older adults (224 healthy controls and 189 with MCI) completed the VRST using a hand-held controller. Behavioral metrics including task completion time, 3D(three-dimensional) trajectory length, and hesitation latency were collected. Participants also underwent traditional assessments: the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K), the paper-based Stroop test, and the Corsi Block Test (CBT). Receiver operating characteristic curves and Spearman correlations were used to analyze discriminant power and construct validity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All VR-derived behavioral markers effectively differentiated older adults with MCI from HCs, with 3D trajectory length showing the highest area under the curve (0.981), followed by hesitation latency (0.967). These surpassed the MoCA-K (0.962). Significant correlations were observed between VRST outcomes and global cognition (MoCA-K), inhibition (Stroop), and working memory (CBT), supporting convergent validity. Importantly, baseline motor abilities did not significantly differ between groups, suggesting that executive function could contributed to performance differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The VRST provides a valid, reliable, and scalable means of detecting MCI-related executive dysfunction through embodied cognitive-motor interaction. Its ability to capture subtle behavioral changes in a realistic context suggests strong potential for use in both clinical and community-based cognitive screening settings.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was retrospectively registered in the Thai Clinical Trial Registration with identifier TCTR 20250625011.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"176"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced gastrocnemius-mimicking lower limb powered exoskeleton robot.","authors":"Tianchi Chen, Zhi Liu, Chaoyang Li, Xiaoan Chen, Jianjun Hu, Ye He","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01703-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01703-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Lower limb muscle bionic devices have attracted significant attention in rehabilitation and assistive sports technology. Despite advancements in mimicking human movement, current devices still face challenges in enhancing strength and movement capabilities. These devices often focus on monoarticular muscles, overlooking the synergistic effects of biarticular muscles and their role in energy transfer, which limits the overall improvement in movement performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents an enhanced gastrocnemius-mimicking exoskeleton robot (EGME), leveraging the biarticular characteristics of the muscle. The device delivers force spanning both the knee and ankle joints to provide vertical support and forward propulsion in an underactuated manner during locomotion. Its effectiveness was evaluated through experimental trials involving five volunteers performing level walking and squat holding tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Experimental results showed that the EGME significantly reduced gastrocnemius activation, improved exercise endurance, and enhanced ankle stability. Activation decreased by up to 46.4% during walking and by an average of 59.8% during the short-duration squat holding task, while endurance time in the long-duration squat holding task increased by a factor of 7.79 with the exoskeleton.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the strong potential of biarticular exoskeletons to enhance muscle function and movement performance, offering new insights into bionic device design. These findings suggest broad applicability in performance enhancement and rehabilitation. Future research should further explore their effects on inter-joint coordination and kinematic coupling to refine the design and functionality of such systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"175"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323188/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Use of the non-paretic arm reflects a habitual behaviour in chronic stroke.","authors":"Sebastian Sporn, E Bonyadi, R Fathana, L Tedesco Triccas, M Coll, S Bestmann, N S Ward","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01708-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01708-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12323109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-intensity interval training with robot-assisted gait therapy vs. treadmill gait therapy in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jiae Kim, Jungwha Do, Cho Rong Bae, Young Hoon Mo, Ji Hye Kim, Dae Yul Kim","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01674-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01674-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability, significantly impacting patients' mobility and quality of life. Robot-assisted gait therapy (RAGT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have individually shown potential in improving gait function in chronic stroke patients. This study investigated the potential effectiveness of combining high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with robot-assisted gait therapy (RAGT) to enhance gait, balance, and lower limb function in patients with chronic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 48 patients with chronic stroke, of whom 44 patients (91.7%) completed the study. Participants were randomly assigned to a control group (treadmill-based gait therapy) or an intervention group (RAGT with HIIT using an end-effector robot). Both groups trained for 30 min, three times weekly, over 8 weeks. HIIT alternated between moderate and high intensities. Outcomes included the 10-meter walk test (10MWT), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment- Lower Extremity (FMA-LE), VO₂max, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and lean body mass.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between-group comparisons showed significant improvements in the intervention group in 10MWT (p < 0.001, d = 1.2), FAC (p = 0.009), BBS (p = 0.015), 2MWT (p = 0.005), and FMA-LE (p < 0.001) scores. Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated enhanced 2MWT (p < 0.001) and VO₂max (p = 0.005) within group; however, lean body mass within-group changes were minor in both groups. The superior outcomes in the intervention group highlight the potential combined benefits of combining HIIT with RAGT for intensive, repetitive, and task-specific training.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HIIT integrated with RAGT may be an effective approach for improving the gait and functional outcomes of patients with chronic stroke. This novel combination shows promise for enhancing rehabilitation strategies, with potential implications for optimizing functional recovery and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered with the Clinical Research Information Service (KCT0007659).</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"iTBS on RDLPFC improves performance of motor imagery: a brain-computer interface study combining EEG and fNIRS.","authors":"Jialin Chen, Quan Liu, Gengbin Chen, Guiyuan Cai, Junbo Jiang, Xueru Yang, Chunqiu Tan, Cailin Zhang, Guangqing Xu, Yue Lan","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01688-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01688-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Some individuals using brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) exhibit ineffective control during motor imagery-based BCI (MI-BCI) training. MI-BCI performance correlates with the activation in the frontoparietal attention network, premotor-parietal network, and supplementary motor area (SMA). This study aimed to enhance motor imagery ability and MI-BCI performance by modulating the excitability of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC) through intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS), inducing neuroplastic changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-two healthy right-handed participants were randomly assigned to either the iTBS or sham group. They undertook two MI-BCI training sessions, with electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) used to assess acute neuroplasticity changes. The intervention was administered between sessions. Corticospinal excitability and motor imagery vividness were assessed using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (spTMS) and the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire-20 (KVIQ-20) before and following the trial.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The iTBS group significantly improved motor state percentage (MSP). Significant µ event-related desynchronization (µ-ERD) was observed at the F4 electrode in the iTBS group. Functional connectivity (FC) analyses revealed decreased connectivity among several electrodes during the post-intervention period. The hemodynamic response function (HRF) indicated significant activation in the right PMC and SMA, with reduced FC among motor areas. No significant differences in MEP, CSP, and KVIQ-20 scores were found between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>iTBS targeting the RDLPFC may improve MI-BCI training performance and address the \"BCI inefficiency\" problem. RDLPFC stimulation induced changes in FC of brain regions associated with motor imagery and increased the activation of motor areas, suggesting that the RDLPFC could be a promising target for enhancing motor imagery and optimizing BCI systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12312247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects and neural mechanisms of a brain-computer interface-controlled soft robotic glove on upper limb function in patients with subacute stroke: a randomized controlled fNIRS study.","authors":"Xiang Ji, Xia Lu, Yi Xu, Wenbin Zhang, Han Yang, Chenghui Yin, Hewei Wang, Caili Ren, Yingying Ji, Yongqiang Li, Guilan Huang, Ying Shen","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01704-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01704-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The brain-computer interface-based soft robotic glove (BCI-SRG) holds promise for upper limb rehabilitation in subacute stroke patients, yet its efficacy and neural mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and neural mechanisms of BCI-SRGs by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty subacute stroke patients with left-sided hemiparesis were randomized into the BCI-SRG (n = 20) and soft robotic glove (SRG) (n = 20) groups. Both groups received 20 sessions of intervention over 4 weeks in addition to conventional rehabilitation. The BCI-SRG group was trained using a soft robotic glove controlled by a brain‒computer interface (BCI), whereas the SRG group used the same soft robotic glove without BCI control. The clinical outcomes included the Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb (FMA-UL), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores. In addition, fNIRS was used to explore potential clinical brain mechanisms. All assessments were performed before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 39 participants completed the intervention and clinical assessments (BCI-SRG: n = 20; SRG: n = 19). Compared with the SRG group, the BCI-SRG group showed greater improvements in the ARAT (Z = - 2.139, P = 0.032) and FMA-UL (Z = - 2.588, P = 0.010), with no notable difference in the MBI (Z = - 1.843, P = 0.065). fNIRS data were available for 35 participants (BCI-SRG: n = 17; SRG: n = 18). Within-group comparisons revealed significant postintervention increases in cortical activation in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) in the BCI-SRG group, whereas no significant changes were observed in the SRG group. Between-group comparisons further revealed significantly greater changes in HbO concentrations in the BCI-SRG group than in the SRG group across the same cortical regions. Moreover, changes in prefrontal activation (post-pre) were positively correlated with improvements in ARAT scores, with significant correlations observed in the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) (Ch9, r = 0.592, P = 0.012; Ch25, r = 0.488, P = 0.047) and right dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (RDLPFC) (Ch19, r = 0.671, P = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BCI-SRG training significantly enhances upper limb function and facilitates bilateral motor and sensory cortical reorganization. PFC activation is correlated with functional improvements, suggesting a potential mechanism underlying the benefits of rehabilitation in stroke patients.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This trial was registered under the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400082786) and was retrospectively registered on April 8, 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"171"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144707789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation enhances structural and functional remodeling in sensorimotor networks following intracerebral hemorrhage in rats.","authors":"Jun Zhang, Zengyu Zhang, Lichao Wei, Dewen Ru, Meihua Wang, Pengfei Fu, Weijian Yang, Gang Wu, Lei Yang, Caihua Xi, Xiangru Ye, Yuwen Zhang, He Wang, Jin Hu, Qiang Yuan","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01700-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01700-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) leads to severe neurological deficits by disrupting brain structure and function, particularly in the sensorimotor cortex. Effective interventions to promote post-ICH brain remodeling remain limited. This study investigated the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on structural and functional remodeling in the sensorimotor networks of rats with ICH, using multi-scale analyses spanning micro-, meso-, and macro-levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rat model of left basal ganglia ICH was established, followed by taVNS intervention. Structural remodeling was assessed through histology, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. Functional remodeling was evaluated using fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and degree centrality (DC) analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>taVNS enhanced myelin repair and axonal remodeling, indicated by increased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression, reduced dephosphorylated neurofilament protein (SMI-32), and partial restoration of synaptic ultrastructure. Functional imaging showed significant longitudinal increases in zfALFF and zDC values in sensorimotor regions, including the primary and secondary motor cortices, which negatively correlated with modified neurological severity scores (mNSS).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>taVNS promotes structural and functional remodeling in the sensorimotor cortex after ICH, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"170"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12278549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation influences cognitive-motor dual-task performance in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled study.","authors":"Jingyi Zhao, Tingting Peng, Liru Liu, Lu He, Jingbo Zhang, Yuan Zhang, Qingfen Hou, Hongyu Zhou, Xubo Yang, Kaishou Xu","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01702-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01702-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with cerebral palsy (CP) may face challenges when engaging in activities that require simultaneous cognitive and motor efforts. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has the potential to improve motor and cognitive functions in some populations. However, the effect of rTMS on the performance of cognitive-motor dual-task in children with CP remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the efficacy and safety of rTMS on the performance of cognitive-motor dual-task in children with CP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized controlled trial, forty-four children with CP (aged 6-12 years) were recruited. They were randomly allocated to receive 3 consecutive sessions of active or sham rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Participants were asked to perform the Box and Block Test (BBT) and Serial Subtraction Test (SST) separately or simultaneously before and immediately after each rTMS session.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty participants completed the study (22 in the active rTMS group). On day 3, significant enhancements were observed in SST scores for the active rTMS group compared to the sham group (single-task:14.4 ± 1.6 vs. 8.89 ± 1.8, p = 0.024; dual-task: 9.36 ± 1.0 vs. 3.89 ± 1.1, p = 0.001). Under the dual-task condition, the active rTMS group displayed a greater improvement in BBT scores than the sham group on day 3 (8.91 ± 1.03 vs. 3.83 ± 1.14, corrected p = 0.003). There were no notable differences between the two groups in the improvement of BBT scores under the single-task condition. No serious adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rTMS applied to the left DLPFC is safe and effective in improving the performance of cognitive-motor dual-task in children with CP.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for deep brain stimulation electrode-guided neurofeedback for symptom mitigation in neurological and psychiatric disorders.","authors":"Oliver Bichsel, Lukas Imbach, Roger Gassert","doi":"10.1186/s12984-025-01701-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12984-025-01701-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurological and psychiatric disorders are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. With our increasing understanding of brain circuit malfunctions leading to clinical manifestations, neuromodulation techniques intervening directly at the circuit level have gained popularity as a complement to pharmacological intervention. These approaches include deep brain stimulation (DBS) and, more recently, neurofeedback. Currently, neurofeedback mainly relies on non-invasive neuroimaging but is either confined to the experimental setting or only provides nebulous cortical feedback. Interestingly, some recent DBS systems can stream electrophysiological recordings, providing a unique opportunity for neurofeedback to self-regulate ongoing brain activity at deep brain targets. Herein, we review recent studies showing rapid learning of DBS electrode-guided neurofeedback in individuals with Parkinson's disease, with some studies supporting improved motor outcome. We provide a perspective on further applications of DBS electrode-guided neurofeedback, which encompass a wide range of disorders currently investigated with neurofeedback, focusing on other movement disorders, epilepsy, stroke and pain. The successful translation of this novel therapy approach to clinical practice still depends on technological hurdles that need to be overcome as well as larger cohorts demonstrating a meaningful benefit. As an adjunct treatment, this technique could ultimately alleviate symptoms and reduce long-term dependence on medication and DBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation","volume":"22 1","pages":"166"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12273401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144667740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}