Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access最新文献

{"title":"Enteropathy endoscopic findings in small intestine in patients with severe COVID-19","authors":"M. Torres-Ruiz, D. Garrido-Rodríguez, G. Blanco Velasco, A. Peralta-Prado, Isabel León-Rodríguez, J. C. Lara-Muñoz, William C. Lara-Vazquez, Dulce María López-Sánchez Dulce María López-Sánchez, Gonzalo Salgado-Montes de Oca, S. Ávila-Ríos, Center of Rese","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00520","url":null,"abstract":"Background and aim: Small intestine study is a challenge in the field of clinical research. However, capsule endoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive alternative. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this endoscopic procedure acquires added value. Although SARS-CoV-2 has mainly respiratory manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms are observed in 30% of cases. ACE-2 used by SARS-CoV-2 to infect cells is highly expressed in the brush border of enterocytes. This enzyme transports essential amino acids in the small intestine and regulates intestinal inflammation through antimicrobial peptides production. Here we describe the endoscopic changes in the mucosa of the small intestine secondary to severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with and without gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods: We performed a prospective and observational study in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Capsule endoscopy and detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces were performed in each participant. Each capsule was reviewed separately by two trained endoscopists. Results: Twenty individuals were enrolled. Diarrhea was observed in 78% of participants. In 45% of capsule endoscopy studies, changes characterized by shortening of villi, atrophy or denuded areas accompanied by red spots or patches, hyperemia or edema were found. Individuals showing these changes in the intestinal mucosa were positive for SARS-CoV-2 in stool. Conclusions: Here we provide evidence of macroscopic changes along the small intestine in COVID-19 patients. We proposed the term of COVID-19 enteropathy to denote involvement of the mucosa and in the villi of the small intestine in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Longitudinal follow-up will be valuable for a better understanding of COVID-19 enteropathy.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117078834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmunity to extracellular matrix in inflammatory bowel disease: antibody to intestinal epithelial basement membrane and renal tubules in severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease","authors":"Konovich Ea, Khalif Il, Shapina Mv, Sukhina Ma","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00519","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122266517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir for chronic hepatitis C – a clinical review","authors":"Alireza Fakhri Ravari, Minh Hien Chau Nguyen, R. Garcia","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2021.12.00473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2021.12.00473","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has a significant global burden with complications that include hepatocellular carcinoma, decompensated cirrhosis, and the need for liver transplantation to avoid death. Although many treatment options are available for treatment of HCV infections, treatment often requires at least 12 weeks of therapy, which may be complicated by HCV genotype, the need for addition of ribavirin, presence of advanced liver disease, end-stage kidney disease, prior treatment failure, and presence of resistance-associated substitutions. Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir is a pangenotypic, ribavirin-free treatment option approved for ages 3 years or older. This regimen can be used in patients with end-stage kidney disease, has a high-barrier to resistance, and has a shorter treatment duration of 8 weeks for most patients. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this regimen in adults and children who are infected with HCV, which may be the only treatment option for certain patients.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127994558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of delayed luminal carbodhydrate uptake via α-glucosidase inhibition on plasma glycemic parameters and lipid profiles in adult wistar fatty rats","authors":"O. Tulp","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00518","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127351442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strangulated transomental hernia: case report and literature review","authors":"F. Bensardi, M. Bouali, Abdelilah Elbakouri Abdelilah Elbakouri, Khalid Elhattabi Khalid Elhattabi, Abdelaziz Fadil Abdelaziz Fadil","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00517","url":null,"abstract":"Internal hernias are a rare cause of acute intestinal obstruction and are defined as an incarceration of the small bowel through a natural or abnormal intra-abdominal orifice. Transomental internal hernias represent 1 to 4% of all reported internal hernias and are generally observed after the age of 50years old. Imaging is still of interest in the diagnosis of obstruction, but only 8% of transomental hernias would be diagnosed pre-operatively. Their surgical management is done urgently, either by laparotomy or by laparoscopy. We report a case of a patient with an occlusive syndrome and whose diagnosis of a strangulated transomental hernia was per operative.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121747612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seropositivity to viral hepatitis in blood donors in north Darfur state-Sudan","authors":"Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed, Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelrahman, Nahla Ahmed Mohammed Abdelrahman, Marawa Ahmed Mohammed Abdelrahman","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2021.12.00467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2021.12.00467","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate the sero-prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection among apparently healthy volunteer blood donors, as well as the relationship between serological evidence of viral hepatitis and age and demographic characteristics. Methods: A retrospective study of sequential blood donation findings from January to December 2017 was performed in North Darfur, Western Sudan. The descriptive quantities were calculated using Chi-square test. Results: A total of 4527 respondents showed an interest in donating blood. All of them were between the ages of 17 and 49 years. A total of 247 (5.5%) and 19 (0.4%) donors tested positive for HBV and HCV, respectively, while 4280 (94.5%) and 4508 (99.6%) donors tested negative for HBV and HCV, respectively. On both HBV and HCV, there was a strong association between serological evidence of viral hepatitis and age (P =0.000). In comparison to the other age categories, the prevalence of HBV and HCV was higher in age group (35-39) and (40 or more) years, (76/247) 30.8 % and (171/247) 69.2 % for HBV and (7/19) 36.8% and (12/19) 62.2 % for HCV. Conclusions: Blood donors in North Darfur have been shown to have a high prevalence of HBV infection and a low frequency of HCV. There was a statistically significant relationship between viral hepatitis and age, but a negative statistically significant relationship between occupancy and age.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"13 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portal vein thrombosis and pylephlebitis following laparoscopic appendectomy in a patient with esophageal varices","authors":"David Kelter David Kelter, Alexandria L. McGowan, Hsu-Tsai Chi","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00507","url":null,"abstract":"Pylephlebitis is defined as infectious suppurative thrombosis of the portal vein. The etiologies of pylephlebitis are variable, however, nearly all cases represent a rare albeit serious complication of an intraabdominal infectious process due to the regional portal venous system drainage. Appendicitis is a well-documented cause of pylephlebitis. A 1995 review of 19 cases of reported pylephlebitis demonstrated appendicitis as the second most common pre-disposing etiology in the development of pylephlebitis, with Bacteroides and E. coli being the most commonly cultured organisms. The utility of therapeutic anticoagulation following diagnosis is presently undetermined. We describe a case of pylephlebitis presenting 5 days status post laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in a 62-year-old adult male with a history of cirrhosis and esophageal varices. Considering the patient’s history of cirrhosis and resultant esophageal varices, this uncertainty regarding the use of anticoagulation was particularly problematic. Given the lack evidence-based guidelines, a multidisciplinary approach weighing the risks and benefits of systemic anticoagulation was employed. Ultimately, the decision was made to proceed with therapeutic anticoagulation under close supervision with serial imaging to identify thrombus propagation and/or recanalization. While the patient did not demonstrate evidence of recanalization after 58 days of therapy, the throm-bus did indeed fail to propagate further. Clarification regarding the utility of anticoagulation in the setting of pylephlebitis in conjunction with risk stratification based on individual patient factors is certainly warranted to optimize future clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125561219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on medicinal plants with reference to antihepatotoxicity activity","authors":"H. Saleem, Qasim Farooq","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00506","url":null,"abstract":"Liver is one of the most vital organ of the body that performs various functions in maintain the health. Any damage to this organ leads to serious body complication. Recently there is a rise in liver based diseases. Therefore there is a dire need to study plant based medicines that have been used since centuries to overcome this issue. Therefore this review focuses on medicinal plants that have certain anti-hepatotoxicity components.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126557732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infection with the Hepatitis B virus: Knowledge and attitudes among central Sudanese individuals","authors":"Gwahir Ebrahim Osman IbnIdriss, Abdel Wahid Ali Abdel Wahid Mohamed, Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00505","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis B is the most frequent blood-borne viral infection on the globe, with 2 billion infections, 350 million carriers, and 6 million deaths annually. Infections with the hepatitis virus are the leading cause of liver disease all over the world. Sudan is one of the countries with the highest seroprevalence of the hepatitis B virus. The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen ranged from 6.8% in central Sudan to 26% in southern Sudan, indicating that exposure to the virus ranged from 47% to 78%. Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is most common in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Sudan. However, there is a scarcity of published studies on the degree of awareness and attitudes concerning HBV infection among Sudanese people. The focus of this research was to determine the awareness and attitude levels of inhabitants in Almanagil, Gezira State, in Central Sudan regarding HBV infection. Materials and methods: The current research is a cross-sectional, descriptive, community-based study. During the months of April and May 2021, 500 Sudanese people were recruited from the Almanagil was one of the eight localities that made up Gezira State, and it was located in the state's south-western section, data was collected by interviewing respondents through close ended questionnaire. The statistical package for social science (IBM SPSS version 20.0) for Windows software package was used to analyze the data. Result: The participants in the research ranged in age from twenty to sixty, with 255 females and 245 More than 40% of the study's participants learned about hepatitis B via social media 205/500, with over 200 individuals participating. Respondents had a broad range of responses and were clearly mystified as to how viral hepatitis is contracted. Participants cited surgical operations 78%, blood transfusions 87%, mother-child transmission 70%, blood-contaminated devices 85%, needle stick injuries 94%, and sexual contact as examples 76%. According to some participants, virus hepatitis is communicated \"through teeth brushing and handshakes 82%,31% respectively,\" while others believe it is disseminated \"via insect bite 38%.\" Others believed that viral hepatitis might be contracted and transmitted by sharing towels 54% and using nail clippers 68%. Others were skeptical about the hepatitis B virus's ability to be acquired and spread. Hepatitis B virus vaccine is believed to exist by more than 70% of the research participants. Conclusion: According to the results of the current community-based study, a significant portion of the study participants had a sufficient understanding of the hepatitis B virus in terms of risk factors and transmission routes between communities, as well as the provision of vaccination to those who were most susceptible to diseases. Using the resources at hand, promoting health education and community awareness. In terms of disseminating information among society's members, social media is incredibly effective.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132217325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taper up-off treatment of opium may reverse some dysregulations of gene expression patterns caused by four type of leukemia, AML, ALL, CML and CLL; a pilot animal model study","authors":"H. Dezhakam, Ani Dezhakam, Arvin Haghighatfard","doi":"10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ghoa.2022.13.00502","url":null,"abstract":"Leukemia is a group of lethal diseases characterized by hematological neoplasm with complex and abnormalities in proliferation of bone marrow stem cells, that cause sever loss of functional capacity of hematopoietic tissue. Four most common types of leukemia are included acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It has been reported that opium besides of pain killer effects, may have positive effects on cardiovascular disease treatments. Opium may consider as a potential treatment method in cancer. The present study aimed to assess the gene expression pattern alterations in the rat models of four types of Leukemia (ALL, AML, CLL, and CML) under taper up-off treatment method with of opium. Present study was included twelve group, referred to four type of Leukemia (ALL, AML, CLL, and CML) that each type studied in three group. Group one contented normal rats, group two rat model of each type of leukemia with no treatment and group three the rat model of that type of leukemia with 26 days period of opium taper up-off treatment. After the scarification of rats, the bone marrow tissue were extracted. Then, RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis had been conducted on bone marrow tissues. Whole genome expression profiling was conducted by using the Affymetrix GeneChip Array Platform. Microarray results were confirmed by Real time PCR. Microarray analysis detected that hundreds of genes which were involved in Ontogenesis and apoptosis, humoral immune system, tool like receptors, natural killer cells regulators and metabolic pathways and were deregulated in leukemic models, were partially reregulated in treatment groups. Results showed that opium may have positive effects on reregulation of affected gene expression patterns in all types of leukemia. It may suggest that opium taper up-off treatment could be consider as re-regulator of immune system and a novel potential treatment for leukemia with low side effects and high viability.","PeriodicalId":163845,"journal":{"name":"Gastroenterology & Hepatology: Open Access","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116599961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}