{"title":"Exploring molecular pathways in metastasis of breast cancer cells to the brain: Insights from gene expression analysis and cellular origins","authors":"Thoraia Shinawi","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_57_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_57_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136208228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Intranasal Administration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Reach and Affect the Histological Structure of Distant Organs of Aged Wistar Rat?","authors":"Ghada Galal Hamam, Nevine Bahaa, Mona H Raafat","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_78_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_78_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stem cell therapy is a highly promising strategy in various degenerative diseases. Intranasal administration of stem cells could be considered as a non-invasive treatment option. However, there is great debate concerning the ability of stem cells to reach distant organs. It is also unclear in such a case if they can alleviate age-related structural changes in these organs.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of intranasal administration of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to reach distant organs of rats at different time intervals and to investigate their effects on age-related structural changes in these organs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty-nine female Wistar rats were used in this study, seven of which were adults (6-month-old) and 42 were aged (2-year-old). Rats were divided into three-groups: Group-I (adult control), Group-II (aged), and Group-III (aged ADSCs treated). Rats of Groups I and II were sacrificed after 15 days from the beginning of the experiment. Rats of Group III were treated with intranasal ADSCs and were sacrificed after 2-h, 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 15-day. Heart, liver, kidney, and spleen specimens were collected and processed for H and E, CD105 immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescent techniques. Morphometric study and statistical analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ADSCs appeared in all organs examined after 2-h of intranasal administration. Their maximum presence was detected after 3-day of administration, after which their immunofluorescence gradually decreased and nearly disappeared from these organs by the 15<sup>th</sup> day. Improvement of some age-related deterioration in the structure of the kidney and liver occurred at day 5 after intranasal administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ADSCs effectively reached the heart, liver, kidney, and spleen after intranasal administration. ADSCs ameliorated some age-related changes in these organs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"11 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/97/a2/JMAU-11-1.PMC10153733.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9415556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Morphometric Analysis of Collagen in Different Grades of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Picrosirius Red Stain and Spectrophotometry.","authors":"Sahana Ashok, K P Ashok","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_111_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_111_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most formidable health problems for mankind. These carcinomas are characterized by invasion of epithelial tumor cells into the stroma, which get embedded in extracellular matrix and collagen producing reactive changes. Such changes in the stroma may alter the biological aggressiveness of the tumor. An attempt was made to evaluate the collagen changes in different grades of OSCC which can contribute to understanding the biologic behavior of oral cancer and predict clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To assess the quantitative changes in collagen in different grades of OSCC using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Picrosirius red (PSR) stain through spectrophotometry and to compare the efficacy of these stains for estimation of collagen.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study comprised a total sample size of 60, which were distributed under 4 different groups, each containing 15 samples. Group I to IV consisted of normal buccal mucosa, with well-, moderately-, and poorly-differentiated OSCC, respectively. The tissues of 10 μm thickness were stained with H and E and PSR for spectrophotometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The quantity of collagen decreased with increasing grades of OSCC. Comparison between two stains showed that PSR can provide a more reliable and accurate result than H and E.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collagen estimation is one of the methods to assess the progression of tumor. The method used in the present study for collagen estimation in different grades of OSCC is reliable and accurate.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"11 1","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/18/8c/JMAU-11-47.PMC10153738.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9767804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rutuja G. Vidhale, Subraj J Shetty, Aditi Vaidya, Treville Pereira
{"title":"Apocrine hidrocystoma: A chance finding","authors":"Rutuja G. Vidhale, Subraj J Shetty, Aditi Vaidya, Treville Pereira","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_42_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_42_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70800914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Anjali, Subraj J Shetty, S. Gotmare, T. Pereira
{"title":"Osteolipoma of the oral cavity: Case report and review of literature","authors":"A. Anjali, Subraj J Shetty, S. Gotmare, T. Pereira","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_6_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_6_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does a Well-Differentiated Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Always Behave Well? A Case Series.","authors":"Reema Raina, Meenakshi Singhal, Anshi Jain, Devi Charan Shetty","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_35_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_35_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most common human cancer and is usually preceded by a premalignant lesion. The patient usually presents it to the clinician at an advanced stage where there are limited treatment options available with declining survival rates. Cancer-deteriorated human lives have prepared the clinicians to take a significant step toward the better survival of patients. Hence, here, we report a case series of oral cancer using some prognostic factors that served in reaching out to conclusion and might favor a diagnostic help to clinicians and pathologists. The final diagnosis for every case was given as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, yet they all exhibited poor prognostic parameters. Predictive markers of oral carcinoma in clinical, surgical, and histopathological fields contribute to their improved status of living. Such parameters, evaluated here in this case series, might lend a helping hand in determining the patient vulnerability toward poor survival and be provided with best treatment interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"20 1","pages":"42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12063930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amira Osman, Said Mohamed Afify, Amira Frag, Sarah Mohammed Alghandour
{"title":"Histological Assessment of Systemic Toxicity Induced by Zinc oxide Nanoparticles and the Prophylactic Potency of Ascorbate in Albino Rats.","authors":"Amira Osman, Said Mohamed Afify, Amira Frag, Sarah Mohammed Alghandour","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_68_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_68_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs) are frequently implemented in cosmetics, additives, and electronic devices. Moreover, their applications extend to water treatment, drug delivery, and cancer therapy. As a result, NP toxicity became an essential subject in biosafety research.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Using histological and immunohistochemical analysis, we attempted to investigate whether ascorbate (\"vitamin C\") (VC) could protect liver, lung, and spleen tissues from ZnO-NP systemic toxicity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Rats were classified as control group, NP group injected intraperitoneally (IP), once by dissolved ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg), and NP + VC group injected IP, once by dissolved ZnO-NPs (200 mg/kg) and then ingested 100 mg/kg of VC orally. Blood samples were collected. Liver, lung, and spleen specimens were prepared for light, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In comparison to the control group, the NP group's liver enzyme, i.e. aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, values and counts of white blood cells (WBCs) were higher on the 7<sup>th</sup> day, but their red blood corpuscle (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hgb) level, platelet count, and albumin values were lower. Histopathological analysis of liver, lung, and spleen tissues showed severe toxicity manifested by cell apoptosis, mononuclear cell infiltration, dilated blood vessels, and hemorrhage. In addition, the NP group showed a significantly higher expression of Ki67 and caspase-3 immunoreactivity. The biochemical, hematological, and histopathological results of the NP + VC group improved overall, reflecting VC's protective effect against systemic toxicity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that ascorbate (VC) inhibited the systemic toxicity prompted by ZnO-NPs in lung, liver, and spleen tissues, indicating its importance for future treatment with ZnO-NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"177-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fundamentals of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Recent Update.","authors":"Akshay Dilip Nehe, Abhijeet Dattatraya Kulkarni","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_17_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_17_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The medical sciences have mirrored the rapid growth of nanotechnology in recent years. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are a good example. Owing to its unique features, for example, superparamagnetism, higher surface area, surface-to-volume fraction, facile uncoupling methods, and IONPs have recently received a great deal of focus. Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) with appropriate Surface chemistry have been created utilizing a range of physical and chemical methods. The IONPs employed in bioscience, health aid, environmental rehabilitation, and other domains were examined. The surface stabilization of IONPs with different stabilizers is explained in this review. This review discusses the necessary characterization of IONPs using multiple qualitative and quantitative methodologies in biological activity, which is beneficial owing to biodegradability and biocompatibility, simplicity of production, and magnetic behavior. This review covers practically all methods of IONP synthesis, size, and morphology, as well as their latest applications in many domains. With the present significance of Fe NPs, the current review aims to provide best of the information on the production, characterization, and uses of these NPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"113-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12499940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70800814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Satrio Adi Wicaksono, Yustina Andwi Ari Sumiwi, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita, Rina Susilowati
{"title":"ImageJ-FIJI-Assisted Estimation of Intestinal Layers' Volume: Study in Jejunum-Ileum of Rats.","authors":"Satrio Adi Wicaksono, Yustina Andwi Ari Sumiwi, Dewi Kartikawati Paramita, Rina Susilowati","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_53_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_53_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies in the digestive tract often required precision quantification of intestinal volume to observe the effect of certain intervention/condition. Application of stereological methods could bring unbiased and accurate results but commercially computer-assisted systems are not widely available. ImageJ-FIJI is an open source software, which could become an alternative choice in the stereological measurement process.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study describes simple stereological quantification methods during volume estimation of jejunum-ileum intestinal layers of the rats using a light microscope and ImageJ-FIJI stereological tool.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Six 3-months old male Sprague-Dawley rats were terminated and jejunum-ileum was harvested after perfusion. After removal of intestinal luminal content, whole jejunum-ileum weight was measured. The organ was sampled as 6-10 slabs of 1 cm length in a systematic uniformed random sampling manner. Slabs were cut longitudinally at random angles before flattened and put on filter papers for subsequent tissue processing into 2-3 paraffin blocks. One section of 3 μm thick was sampled from each block, stained using toluidine blue and documented using a light microscope connected to a microstepper apparatus. The volume of the intestinal layers was estimated using a point-counting grid on Image J-FIJI software.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We compared two sets of counting methods i.e. minimal counting (MC) and rigorous counting (RC) approaches that differ in their respective a/p value. Quantification using RC approach resulted in significantly higher estimated volume of tunica submucosa and tunica muscularis while having more preferable stereological accuracy parameters (CE<5% & CV<10%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although it required longer counting time, rigorous approaches resulted in higher accuracy while still within the range of rule of thumb criteria of 0.2 < CE<sup>2</sup>/CV<sup>2</sup> < 0.5.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11729021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Categorizing Malignant Small Round Cell Tumors in Aspiration Cytology: An Institutional Experience.","authors":"Nibedita Sahoo, Urvashi Ghosh, Debahuti Mohapatra, Priyadarshini Dehuri","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_66_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_66_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim and objectives: </strong>The study aims to categorize malignant small round cell tumors (MSRCTs) originating in various sites of the body with the objective of utilization of cytomorphological features and ancillary techniques.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>It is a cross-sectional study conducted over a time span of 3 years (2017-2020). 33 cases of tumors with round cell morphology were evaluated by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The application of cell block preparation supported by immunohistochemistry aided in the categorization of 23 cases with definite diagnosis and the rest were reported as MSRCTs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the categorized 23/33 cases, the most common diagnosis was Ewing's sarcoma (7/23) followed by 6 cases of lymphoma. There were 2 cases each of rhabdomyosarcoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and 1 case each of neuroblastoma, desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT), myeloid sarcoma, neuroendocrine tumor of pancreas, plasmacytoma, and small cell carcinoma. Histopathology confirmation was available in 24/33 cases. Among the categorized tumors (23/33), biopsy correlation was available in 19 cases, of which concordant result was seen in 17 cases (89.47%), which were 6 cases of lymphoma, 5 cases of Ewing's sarcoma (EWS), 2 of rhabdomyosarcoma, and 1 each of neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma, DSRCT, and LCH. Discordant result was seen in one case of rhabdomyosarcoma and a case of synovial sarcoma reported as extraskeletal EWS in cytology. Out of the uncategorized cases reported as MSRTCs, histopathology was available in 5 cases which were diagnosed as rhabdomyosarcoma (1 cases), lymphoma (1 case), amelanotic melanoma (1 case), and extraskeletal EWS (2 cases).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Categorization of MSRCTs should be done to implement appropriate therapeutic protocol. FNAC provides a rapid diagnosis contributing immensely for the timely management of the patient. Detailed cytomorphological evaluation serves as a guide for further evaluation by ancillary techniques leading to definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"1 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11019590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70801482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}