Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure最新文献

{"title":"A New Approach for Diagnosing Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Proposal for a Novel Histopathological Scoring System.","authors":"Govindarajan Priyadharshini, Pratibha Ramani, Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne, Suvarna Kizhakkoottu","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_19_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_19_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) encompasses a range of architectural and cytological changes in epithelial tissue due to genetic alterations. Traditional grading methods for OED often suffer from subjectivity and lack numerical precision.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a new scoring system to objectively grade OED based on architectural and cytological features.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We analyzed 150 cases of OED from our institutional database. A scoring sheet was created to record the presence (score of 1) or absence (score of 0) of specific dysplastic features. Scores were categorized into three ranges: 1-4, 5-8, and 9-16. This new system was validated against the World Health Organization (WHO) Grading System and Binary System, with interobserver variability assessed using kappa statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Scores ranged from 1 to 4 for mild dysplasia, from 5 to 8 for moderate dysplasia, and from 9 to 16 for severe dysplasia (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The new system aligned closely with the WHO grading: 92% of cases with mild dysplasia scored 1-4, 74% of moderate dysplasia cases scored 5-8, and 92% of severe dysplasia cases scored 9-16 (<i>P</i> = <0.001). Two cases initially classified as mild and moderate dysplasia by WHO progressed to malignancy within 6-8 months and scored 12 and 9, respectively, in our system. The new system demonstrated fair interobserver agreement, with kappa scores ranging from 0.24 to 0.317.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This novel scoring system addresses limitations of existing grading methods, such as subjectivity and variability. It offers a more objective approach to diagnosing and managing OED, potentially improving the early detection and prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 3","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Utility of SMAD4 and S100P as Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas in Egyptian Patients.","authors":"Abeer Mohammed Amal, Mai Soliman Mohammed Ahmed, Amal Ahmed Mohammed Hareedy, Hany Mahmoud Helmy Khattab, Eman Khaled Mahmoud","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_71_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_71_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the seventh cause of death caused by the cancer worldwide. It mostly presents at advanced stage.</p><p><strong>Aim of the study: </strong>To analyze immunohistochemical expressions of SMAD4 and S100P in PDACs as well as correlation between their expressions and other clinical and pathological features.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty cases of Egyptian patients proved to be PDAC, 19 cases of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsies, and 41 cases of resection specimens, were collected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>S100P positive was expressed in 90% of studied cases. Most cases showed focal and strong-to-moderate nuclear expression for S100P. A statistically significant correlation between S100P expression and tumor grade was established in studied cases (<i>P</i> = 0.015). SMAD4 was lost in 81.7% of studied cases in neoplastic tissue. No scientifically significant correlations exist among SMAD4 expression and any of other clinicopathological variables. S100P and SMAD4 expressions in neoplastic tissue of studied cases were scientifically correlated with its expression in adjacent normal tissue (<i>P</i> < 0.001). S100P and SMAD4 had sensitivity of 90% and 81.70%, respectively, for the diagnosis of PDACs, with combined sensitivity of both markers was 98.30%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data suggest the role of S100P and SMAD4 in pancreatic carcinogenesis. SMAD4 could be used as the diagnostic biomarker for pancreatic adenocarcinomas. There is combined classification accuracy of 98.9%, suggesting that they are a sensitive and specific approach for adenocarcinomas in limited material of EUS-FNAs and that combined panel approach was significantly more accurate than any other individual approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 2","pages":"83-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13278251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Morphological Spectrum of Bone Marrow Aspirates in Infections: A Clinico-Hematological Analysis.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_32_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_32_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 114 in vol. 12, PMID: 39507641.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 2","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13278247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Microarray for Gynecological Pathology Studies: A Mini-Review.","authors":"Mohammad Arafa, Abd AlRahman Foda, Amany Salama, Ola Shalaby, Muna Al-Jabri, Fatma Al Hinai, Afrah Al-Rashdi, Samya Al-Husaini, Suaad Al-Badi","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_141_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_141_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tissue microarray (TMA) was created to enhance the efficiency of molecular profiling in cancer research through the rapid execution of large-scale studies. This technology facilitates the simultaneous examination of proteins or genes on a single glass slide, that contains an array of hundreds of paraffin-embedded tissue cores. TMAs can be assessed using immunohistochemistry and <i>in situ</i> hybridization techniques. They allow the analysis of both normal and cancerous tissues, making them particularly valuable for studies aimed at validating cancer biomarkers. This article will focus on the application of TMA within the field of gynecological pathology. Suggestions for careful considerations to avoid the typical challenges associated with this technology are also provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anti-angiogenic Effects of Fucoxanthin on Corneal Structural and Biochemical Changes of Streptozotocin-induced Diabetes in Rats.","authors":"Eman M El-Beltagi, Samah Kandeel, Sherine Ahmed Mohammed","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_104_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_104_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide disease with different endocrine and metabolic disorders due to hyperglycemia. Diabetic corneal complications affect more than 70% of diabetics. Fucoxanthin (FX) is a carotenoid that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-diabetic effects.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 35 Wistar rats weighted 140-160 g of 12-14 weeks were divided into control; streptozotocin (STZ): rats received a single dose (50 mg/kg) of STZ intraperitoneally; STZ + FX low dose; STZ + FX intermediate dose; and STZ + FX high dose: diabetic rats treated with FX 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, orally by an intragastric tube daily for 3 weeks. Then, blood and eye samples were managed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical evaluations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The STZ group revealed an increase in blood glucose level, plasma glycosylated hemoglobin A1c% significantly, and serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, malondialdehyde tissue levels, significantly reduced serum high-density lipoprotein, tissue superoxide dismutase, and reduced glutathione levels. In addition, severe corneal injury is seen by hematoxylin & eosin with deeply stained epithelial cell nuclei, and cytoplasm vacuolation, besides Bowman's membrane irregularities. Additionally, stromal widely separated collagen fibers, mononuclear cellular infiltrations, stromal vascularization, and swollen endothelial cells were seen. In addition, marked thickening of Bowman's and Descemet's membranes was demonstrated by periodic acid Schiff. In addition, E-cadherin diffuse cytoplasmic reaction, significantly increased immunohistochemical expression and optical density of interleukin-1β, metalloproteinase-3, and vascular endothelial growth factor, whereas significantly reduced the optical density of epidermal growth factor. The STZ-treated groups with different doses of FX showed dose-dependent improvement of the previously documented findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FX ameliorates STZ-induced corneal changes in a dose-dependent manner in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-diabetic actions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 2","pages":"70-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13278303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Ellagic Acid on Hemoglobin Ingestion, Transport, and Digestion in the Digestive Vacuole of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>.","authors":"Anjana Chamilka Thuduhena, Nurhidanatasha Abu-Bakar, Siti Nasuha Hamzah","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_96_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_96_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Malaria, caused by <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, has been a persistent threat to human health for centuries, causing significant illnesses and fatalities. The rise of drug-resistant strains has diminished the efficacy of conventional antimalarial medications, necessitating the exploration of alternative treatments. Ellagic acid has emerged as a promising candidate, demonstrating effectiveness in laboratory experiments by impeding beta-hematin (hemozoin) formation in mature <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> stages. This research endeavors to elucidate the ellagic acid's mechanism of action against malaria parasites by examining its impact on hemoglobin ingestion, transport, and digestion in both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) <i>P. falciparum</i> strains <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of ellagic acid antimalarial action against 3D7 and W2 strains of <i>P. falciparum in vitro</i> by using a transmission electron microscope.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>3D7 and W2 strains of <i>P. falciparum</i> were cultured in flasks with a complete culture medium and washed red blood cells (type O⁺) at a hematocrit of 2%. Synchronized ring-stage parasite-infected erythrocytes, approximately 2 h post-synchronization, were utilized for the antimalarial activity assay. Based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value of ellagic acid, three different sub-lethal concentrations of the compound against the 3D7 and W2 strains. Samples were prepared for real-time microscopic analysis. Samples were immediately fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 2 h. Then, the samples were washed, postfixed with 2% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M phosphate buffer for 1 h, washed with distilled water, dehydrated, infiltrated, and embedded. The sample blocks were cut by using an ultramicrotome. These thin sections were stained with 1% lead citrate and 1% uranyl acetate.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>The IC₅₀ of ellagic acid against the 3D7 and W2 parasites was analyzed using computerized GraphPad Prism 8.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings show significant inhibition by ellagic acid (<i>P</i> < 0.001) against 3D7 and W2 parasites. The IC₅₀ values were 1.0 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.1 nM, respectively, surpassing the artemisinin's effectiveness (IC_{50-3D7 parasite} = 2.2 ± 0.2 nM; IC_{50-W2 parasite} = 4.3 ± 0.3 nM). Transmission electron microscopy elucidated the ellagic acid's impact on the early trophozoite stage of 3D7 and W2 parasites, highlighting the disruption of hemoglobin metabolism within the parasites.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings underscore the ellagic acid's potential as a promising antimalarial agent, targeting hemoglobin processes in both 3D7 and W2 <i>P. falciparum</i> strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"13 4","pages":"210-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12710731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145781112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity Assessment of Local Tobacco Products Bidi and Gul of Bangladesh Using Brine Shrimp (<i>Artemia salina</i>) Lethality Assay.","authors":"Saquib Ahmad Khan, Md Hafizur Rahman, Shahima Islam, Dipta Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_55_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jmau.jmau_55_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bidi and gul are two locally produced nicotine-containing tobacco consumables with considerable negative health and environmental impacts, while at the same time, there is a dearth of published data on their toxicology. The LD50 (lethal dose, 50%) approach was employed in this investigation, which is the first study of its type in Bangladesh. As far as, the authors are aware.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>The study determined and compared the toxicity levels of nicotine present in locally manufactured bidi and gul products.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nicotine extracts from bidi and gul were tested on Artemia salina bioassay. We found that there was significant variation in the LD50 values of the different tobacco products within their respective categories. Of the bidis tested, the most toxic brand was found to have an LD50 of 40.85 ppm, while in case of gul brands, it was 45.09 ppm which is more than double of the average nicotine content in a cigarette.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicated that locally manufactured tobacco products (bidi and gul) have significant toxicity risk to health and environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 3","pages":"125-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13630370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149110995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Tissue Changes Observed with Single-Unit Dental Implants Placed in Conjunction with Platelet-Rich Fibrin: An Evaluative Study.","authors":"Bathula Hanusha, Chandrika Chinta, Tazeen Dawood, Sonal Gurunath Pillai, Mamatha Shetty, Misfer Al Wadei, Suresh Babu Jandrajupalli, Swarnalatha Chandolu, Abhishek Singh Nayyar","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_91_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_91_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advent of implants has been a big milestone in the practice of dentistry, which has largely changed the face of rehabilitative dental practice. The present evaluative study assessed the tissue changes observed with single-unit dental implants placed in conjunction with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) since there is a relative dearth of studies on this aspect in the literature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The present prospective study consisted of 12 patients with single-rooted teeth indicated for extraction for various reasons, whereas after immediate insertion of single-unit dental implants, soft and hard tissue changes were assessed at baseline and on follow-up visits of patients at 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively, and the data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. For carrying out the statistical analysis, a paired <i>t</i> test was used, whereas probability values of 0.05 or less were contemplated as being statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results in terms of mean modified plaque index and mean modified bleeding index revealed statistically significant variations in follow-up visits of patients (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Similarly, noteworthy differences were observed in terms of the mean papillary index and mean distance between the implant-bone interface (DIB) on either side on follow-up visits of patients using a paired <i>t</i> test (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The insertion of single-unit dental implants in conjunction with PRF resulted in a significantly improved height of the interdental papilla. In addition, an appreciable difference was observed in the mean DIB with no major complications after 9 months of implant insertion.</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 2","pages":"57-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13278252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Stereological and Histological Assessment of the Umbilical Cord in New-Born Rat.","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_98_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_98_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 108 in vol. 9, PMID: 34729350.].</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"12 3","pages":"169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11537361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142591003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Impact of Surface Modification with Air Abrasion (sandblasting) and Ultraviolet Radiation on the Retention Strength of Polyetherether Ketone (PEEK) Coping in Relation to the Underlying Dentin Abutments: An <i>in vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Akash Mithran, Vandana Rajput Upwanshi, Ismail Mohammed Alqahtani, Sultan Jaber M Alqahtani, Prajna P Nayak, Abdulhakim Ali Alsharif, J Suresh Babu, C Swarnalatha, Abhishek Singh Nayyar","doi":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_80_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jmau.jmau_80_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study aims to evaluate the effect of surface modifications of polyetherether ketone (PEEK) with air abrasion (sandblasting) and ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) on the retention strength of PEEK copings in relation to the underlying dentin abutments.</p><p><strong>Settings and design: </strong>The present study is an <i>in vitro</i> study design.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For the present <i>in vitro</i> study, 36 non-carious, intact maxillary premolars were collected, and the specimens were divided into three groups: including Group A, wherein surface modification was accomplished with air abrasion (sandblasting); Group B, wherein surface modification was accomplished using 172-308 nm UV radiation; and Group C, wherein surface modification was accomplished using air abrasion (sandblasting), followed by treatment with UV radiation. The PEEK copings, bonded to the underlying dentin abutments, were subjected to a pull-off test using the Hounsfield universal testing machine, while the maximum load (force) value, at which debonding of the copings from specimens was observed, was recorded and subjected to statistical analysis. Due to the non-normal distribution of the variables, subsequent multiple comparisons between different groups were performed using Kruskal-Wallis <i>H</i>-test. Also, <i>post hoc</i> analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test with Bonferroni correction applied to conduct pairwise comparisons among independent groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Kruskal-Wallis <i>H</i>-test used revealed a significant difference among all the test groups (<i>P</i> < 0.001), while variations in the median retention strength values obtained were found to be statistically significant when compared between Group A and Group C specimens (<i>P</i> = 0.033) and statistically highly significant between Group A and Group B, and Group B and Group C specimens (<i>P</i> < 0.001) on <i>post hoc</i> analysis by Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-test for pairwise comparisons among independent groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the findings obtained, it could be concluded that the median retention strength measured was highest for Group C specimens (9.045 MPa), followed by Group A specimens (8.365 MPa), and least for Group B specimens (5.36 MPa).</p>","PeriodicalId":16340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure","volume":"14 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}