Journal of Geochemical Exploration最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of lead and zinc in catchment sediments and their relationship with lead‑zinc mineralization from the Sino–Mongolian border region","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sino–Mongolian border region is one of the most important metallogenic belts in Central Asia and is an important source of Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Sn, Cu, and rare metals in southern Mongolia and northern China. The variations in Pb and Zn concentrations and their spatial distribution in the region can indirectly reflect the distribution pattern of mineral resources in the region and provide reference data for the exploration of elements associated with Pb and Zn (e.g., Au, Ag, Cu, and Mn). Moreover, Pb and Zn data are valuable in environmental research because the elements are persistent and potentially toxic heavy metals. Although numerous geological and geochemical surveys of Pb<img>Zn resources have been conducted in China, the Sino–Mongolian border region remains under studied. Therefore, in this study, we performed an integrated and comprehensive analytical study of single-element and combined Pb<img>Zn geochemical anomalies. A total of 10,452 catchment sediment samples were collected. Pb concentrations in the samples ranged from 1.90 to 494 mg/kg, while Zn concentrations ranged from 3.00 to 1940 mg/kg. Of these, the median and mean values for Pb were 19.4 mg/kg and 55.0 mg/kg, respectively, while the median and mean values for Zn were 19.9 mg/kg and 58.0 mg/kg, respectively. To characterize the concentration and spatial distribution of Pb and Zn in the study area, we conducted an exhaustive study across several dimensions, considering the geological setting, mineral development, and utilization, and explored the key factors affecting these characteristics. A total of 53 Pb, Zn geochemical anomalies (geochemical province/domain, Pb &gt; 23.1 mg/kg and Zn &gt; 75 mg/kg, &gt; Q85%), including 17 Pb<img>Zn combined geochemical anomalies, were identified in this study. The Pb<img>Zn combined geochemical anomalies were mainly concentrated in the Altai region in the west and the Daxinganling region in the east of the study area and are closely related to the distribution of known Pb<img>Zn deposits. The high-quality geochemical data produced during this study could be an important reference for future mineral exploration work and environmental change studies in the Sino–Mongolian border region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden deposit exploration using the tectono-geochemistry method in the western Xicheng ore field, China","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geochemical anomalies involve complex geological and geochemical processes. Integrating metallogenic processes into the interpretation of geochemical data can promote mineral exploration. In this study, 3080 subsamples were collected from the western Xicheng ore field and combined into 1312 composite samples using the tectono-geochemistry method. Nineteen elements were analyzed for each composite sample. Factor analysis based on the CLR-transformed data yielded four factors, including the Ag–Sb–Hg–Pb–Au–(B–Ba) association of F1, Zn–Cd–Pb association of F2, Bi–Sn–(Au–As) association of F3, and W–Sn–(Cu) association of F4. Thresholds of each factor were obtained using the concentration–number (C–N) fractal model. Six targets were delineated based on the factor anomaly maps, and one Pb–Zn and two Au deposits were discovered in Targets I and II, respectively. These discoveries and the good spatial correspondence between known deposits and anomalies provide compelling evidence for the effectiveness of the tectono-geochemistry method in the study area. More importantly, a model for the genetic relationship between geochemical anomalies and metallogenesis was constructed. The late tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal transformation dominated the geochemical pattern in the study area. The degree of interaction between the Au-rich magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and SEDEX-style Pb–Zn mineralizations yielded leakage halos with various elemental assemblages. In addition, W–Sn anomalies may serve as auxiliary exploration indicators for Au mineralizations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The science of food safety and their health impacts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive issue of food and nutrition security demands urgent attention on a global scale. This challenge affects diverse populations worldwide and is compounded by multifaceted factors. Achieving sustainable food and nutrition security for smallholders and communities necessitates a comprehensive, interdisciplinary strategy, urging collaboration among experts from various fields. Addressing this complex issue requires innovative, unconventional approaches to surmount existing challenges. Challenges such as insufficient resources, inadequate infrastructure, and limited market accesses are formidable barriers that must be dismantled for effective progress. To overcome these hurdles, it is imperative to identify existing building blocks across diverse sectors. Leveraging these building blocks can pave the way for an incremental progress strategy, steering us towards a holistic systems vision. An incremental approach allows for the integration of diverse components within the food and nutrition system. By identifying synergies and interrelated, systems-oriented strategies can enhance the resilience and efficiency of the entire food and nutrition ecosystem. A holistic and integrated perspective addresses the root causes of these issues, offering a path towards a more sustainable and equitable food system. Embracing such an approach is crucial in shaping a resilient future, safeguarding global communities against the persistent challenges of food and nutrition insecurity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding rural household migration and homestead exit intentions: Toward sustainable land use and development goals","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable development is a pressing global concern, particularly in densely populated nations like China, where rural-to-urban migration poses challenges to sustainable land use. This study examines the finite nature of land resources and suggests that encouraging farmers to relinquish rural housing land can improve economic productivity and enhance the efficient utilization of rural areas. Based in the field investigations conducted in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, employing in-depth interviews and questionnaire surveys, the research identifies three distinct stages in the rural household migration process: employment transition, residential relocation, and life integration. The findings reveal nuanced patterns: farmers in the employment transition phase exhibit lower intentions to withdraw from housing land, whereas those in the residential relocation phase demonstrate higher withdrawal intentions, which subsequently taper off during the life integration stage. Moreover, the study identifies a non-linear relationship between farmers' migration progression and their homestead withdrawal intentions, with intentions peaking at an intermediate stage before declining. The research highlights the need for policies that comprehensively address the dynamics of farmers' migration. Recommended strategies include implementing tailored compensation mechanisms and urban incentives to enhance the appeal of urban living. Such measures can facilitate smoother farmer migration and promote sustainable land use practices, contributing to overall societal sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142312981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trusted data sharing for mineral exploration and mining tenements","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mineral exploration, the exploration-discovery-mining (EDM) cycle may take 10–13 years. New and innovative approaches that can shorten the EDM cycle are fundamental to boosting the supply of mineral resources in the global market. In this paper, we propose a methodology for accelerating the EDM cycle by enabling confidentiality-preserving minerals data sharing, potentially shortening the exploration and discovery parts of the cycle. However, it is a highly challenging problem due to the need to balance diverse aspects related to the loss of confidential information and protecting competitive advantage. We investigate how data confidentiality risk assessment and data obfuscation technologies can be brought together to enable the sharing of otherwise sensitive data. We have defined several metrics to quantify the data confidentiality loss and utility gain in sharing data and developed various methods to obfuscate data by suppressing or sampling values. The confidentiality loss and utility loss caused by different obfuscation methods have been studied and empirically validated using a real-life mineral dataset provided by an Australian minerals company. Our proposed methods will enable mining and exploration companies to make informed decisions on what and how much information could be shared to achieve mutual benefits in mineral exploration at an acceptable cost of data confidentiality loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142318537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Newly discovered germanium minerals in Huize and Maoping MVT PbZn deposits in Southwest China: Implications for the germanium enrichment mechanism and exploration","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (Chuan-Dian-Qian) region represents the largest Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb-Zn-Ge metallogenic province in China, including giant Huize and Maoping deposits. Research has suggested that Ge is incorporated primarily into the sphalerite lattice in the form of element substitution, and few Ge-bearing minerals have been reported in these deposits. We identified numerous sphalerite colors in Huize and Maoping and further found Ge-bearing minerals in black (C1) sphalerite. These Ge-bearing minerals are randomly distributed and have regular mineral morphologies, suggesting potential co-precipitation with C1 sphalerite rather than formation during later metamorphism and oxidation. One Ge-bearing mineral, argutite (GeO₂), is found in Huize C1 sphalerite, which occurs in an isolated distribution or is locally associated with pyrite and hematite. Two Ge-bearing minerals, brunogeierite (GeFe₂O₄) and argutite (GeO₂), are found in the Maoping C1 sphalerite. Brunogeierite is more abundant than argutite and is commonly associated with pyrite and rarely with argutite. The petrography and elemental composition confirmed that the C1 sphalerite in Huize and Maoping is the earliest formed sphalerite with the highest formation temperature. This suggests that high temperatures favor the precipitation of argutite and brunogeierite. However, slight variations in sulfur and oxygen fugacity may have resulted in discrepancies in the occurrence of Ge-bearing minerals between the Huize and Maoping deposits. According to the fluid mixing metallogenic model in the Chuan–Dian–Qian region, we posit that Ge-oxide mineral precipitation benefited from the initial stage of fluid mixing between Ge-bearing reduced fluid and oxidized basinal brine. This is also consistent with the findings that argutite and brunogeierite are exclusively associated with C1 sphalerite. As fluid mixing progresses, Ge is incorporated into the sphalerite lattice via element substitution. The newly discovered independent Ge minerals (argutite and brunogeierite) present greater economic potential than Ge-rich sphalerite does, thereby offering significant insights into the enrichment mechanism of Ge and the further utilization of Ge resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142314304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depositional setting and hydrothermal alteration of Paleoproterozoic manganiferous metasedimentary rocks in the Ampanihy district (Southern Madagascar)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Paleoproterozoic is known to host significant sedimentary manganese accumulations deposited in peri-cratonic areas. The depositional environments, the source of Mn and the geometry of the basins are often poorly understood, although they are key aspects in understanding the origin of these strategic resources. We investigate the Mn-rich graphitic metasediments of the Ampanihy district (South Madagascar) to characterize depositional conditions and to identify potential hydrothermal alteration. The results show that the ore is predominantly composed of Mn silicates (spessartine, rhodonite) with accessory jacobsite and pyrophanite varieties rich in Zn close to the Ampanihy shear zone. Geochemical data suggest that the source material in the eastern domain (Ankara) of the district is more crustal in origin than sediments in the western part of the district (Vohidrakitsy, Bekily). The Ankara deposits have chemical characteristics that are close to many other Paleoproterozoic Mn deposits and can be considered as relatively unaltered and fits with the euxinic model. The western domain of the Ampanihy district shows strong hydrothermal overprinting, with significant enrichment in Zn, Ba and Sb, resulting from post-depositional hydrothermal alteration along the proto-Ampanihy shear zone. This event took place at some stage between the deposition of the sediments (c. 1.9‐1.7 Ga) and the suture of the Vohibory and Androyen domains (c. 0.63–0.60 Ma). Based on our data, we propose a new discrimination plot, (La/Lu)_PAAS vs Zn/Ni, which helps in the identification of sediment sources and the recognition of hydrothermal overprinting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of REY resource potential in deep-sea sediments with Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in the Pacific Ocean","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107581","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107581","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Deep-sea sediments with an abundance bioapatites and Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in the Pacific Ocean have been considered potential reservoirs of rare earth elements and yttrium (REY). However, comprehensive assessment of the resource potential of REY in deep-sea sediments with Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides throughout the Pacific Ocean is limited due to difficulties in accurately predicting the distribution of extensive Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides and the associated REY. In this study, we predicted the prospective area and resource potential of REY-rich sediments with Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides by considering multiple factors that control REY enrichment based on data from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) samples and previous research. According to the distribution map inferred by comprehensively evaluating lithology (clay sediment), hydrothermal fluid influence (δ³He), and water depth (bathymetry), deep-sea sediments with Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides, which have higher than 1000 ppm REY concentration, are distributed in the vicinity of the East Pacific Ridge within a water depth range of 4000–4600 m, and their distribution area is estimated to be approximately 1.1 million km². If the sedimentation rate (&lt;1.5 m/Myr) is considered, which is a crucial factor influencing REY enrichment, we can achieve a more precise assessment of their distribution area. Assuming a recovery depth of only 1 m, the REY resource amount was estimated to be approximately &gt;450 million tons of REY oxide. Even without accounting for REY resource amount associated with bioapatite, the minimum REY resource amount estimated in this study exceed the world's current land reserves. Furthermore, these sediments contain a significant abundance of industrially important heavy REY, accounting for 53 % of REY resources. This implies that the deep-sea sediments with Fe–Mn (oxyhydr)oxides in the Pacific Ocean are a promising resource of REY. Our findings will serve as essential information for the technological progress required in the exploration and development of REY resources in deep-sea sediments in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375674224001973/pdfft?md5=eb5d82f80ddf848787b5947f9b2a4375&pid=1-s2.0-S0375674224001973-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of regolith-hosted rare earth element deposits using reflectance spectroscopy: Framework towards an efficient and reliable field exploration tool","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With a growing demand for the rare earth elements (REE), exploration of regolith-hosted REE resources worldwide has been thriving in recent years and development of a rapid and reliable field-based tool will greatly facilitate the survey and exploration. In this study, we use visible and short-wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) reflectance spectroscopy to comprehensively evaluate the applicability of the technique to explore regolith-hosted REE resources, exemplified by three representative regolith-hosted REE deposits in China. Neodymium among the REE shows reliably detectable spectral features in the VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy down to concentrations of 10–50 ppm in field samples with heterogeneous mineral grain sizes. The Nd spectral intensity of electronic transition at the band of ∼800 nm is correlated with bulk Nd concentrations and can be used as semi-quantitative indicators for the Nd concentrations, thereby the total REE in regolith. Moreover, VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy is demonstrated to be capable of delineating favorable ore-bearing mineralogy by characterizing the abundance and type of clay minerals and Fe (oxyhydr)oxides, and the crystallinity of kaolinite-group minerals. However, the Nd spectral features of samples with high bulk Fe₂O₃ contents (&gt;3 wt%) are significantly masked due to overlapping by the strong absorption features of ferric (oxyhydr)oxides. VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy is deemed to be applicable to the exploration of regolith-hosted REE resources developed from Fe-poor felsic rocks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375674224001948/pdfft?md5=23886a07f533f0c5a3e9dc0aef032662&pid=1-s2.0-S0375674224001948-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arsenic, selenium, and mercury speciation in hypersaline lakes of the Andean Altiplano: Link between extreme levels and biodiversity repartition","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) are highly toxic contaminants whereas selenium (Se) is both an essential trace element and potentially harmful at higher concentrations. The hyper-saline lakes of southern Bolivian Altiplano, which are ecological niches for endemic species, are also expected to be enriched in these toxic trace elements. The biogeochemistry of As, Hg, and Se in such high-altitude extreme environments (e.g., high UV radiation and salt content) remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the concentrations and chemical forms (speciation) of As, Hg, and Se in sediment, water, and air samples of Lagunas Colorada (LC), Verde (LV), and Blanca (LB) in the South Lipez region (&gt;4200 m a.s.l.). We compared them with the repartition of biodiversity (invertebrates, algae, and bacteria). Extreme As concentrations were found in water (up to 82 mg L⁻¹), and the main As species was inorganic As(V), with neither biogenic methylated As nor volatile As forms being detected in water and air, respectively. Se concentrations in water were of 0.1 to 1.4 μg L⁻¹, and Se existed under different redox states, i.e., Se(IV), Se(VI), and reduced Se (0, -II), including biogenic methylated Se(-II) (trimethyl selenonium). Volatile Se compounds (e.g., dimethyl selenide) were detected in water and air samples. Hg was enriched in the surface water (6 to 30 ng L⁻¹) compared to other regional water bodies, and a significant amount of methyl-Hg and gaseous Hg(0) was detected. The drastic disparity between As, Se and Hg concentrations and speciation between lakes has important implications for their cycling in these extreme aquatic systems. While As mostly accumulated in its oxidized and non-volatile form, Hg and Se concentrations can be controlled by significant conversion to reduced and methylated forms, allowing efficient evasion to the atmosphere. Finally, the salinity, including major ions, and high levels of As were among the main drivers of biodiversity repartition between lakes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375674224001936/pdfft?md5=2bad7cd099edd9bdeb16e8bcb173b5fd&pid=1-s2.0-S0375674224001936-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}