Journal of Medical Ethics最新文献_第2页

Ethical preparedness and developments in genomic healthcare. 基因组保健的伦理准备和发展。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108528

Bobbie Farsides, Anneke M Lucassen

引用次数: 0

Disclosing the undisclosed: are radiographers and healthcare scientists required to communicate a provisional diagnosis when asked? 披露未披露的信息：是否要求放射技师和医护科学家在被询问时告知临时诊断？

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109417

Michal Pruski, Daniel Rodger, James E Hurford

{"title":"Disclosing the undisclosed: are radiographers and healthcare scientists required to communicate a provisional diagnosis when asked?","authors":"Michal Pruski, Daniel Rodger, James E Hurford","doi":"10.1136/jme-2023-109417","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2023-109417","url":null,"abstract":"Patients need to be given the relevant information to be able to give informed consent, which might require the disclosure of a provisional diagnosis. Yet, there is no duty to give information to a patient if that patient is aware that this information exists but chooses not to request it. Diagnostic radiographers and healthcare scientists are often responsible for ensuring that patients have given informed consent for the investigations they undertake, but which were requested by other clinicians. Here we examine if they have a duty to disclose a patient's provisional diagnosis made by a referring clinician if the patient asks for this information as part of the informed consent process to a diagnostic investigation. We first consider aspects of UK law, professional guidance and salient ethical principles, emphasising that while professional codes of practice highlight the need to act in the patient's best interest, they do not require giving patients information they do not require for the examination or have not requested. We then propose that diagnostic radiographers and healthcare scientists placed in such a position use a 'minimally necessary disclosure' framework. This framework fulfils their commitment to their patient and the principle of veracity, while respecting the boundaries of their professional duties. The framework ensures that enough detail is given to the patient for them to be able to give informed consent, while shouldering the diagnostic professional from making a full disclosure, which is the duty of the referring clinician.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"182-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Argument for allowing first-in-human cardiac xenotransplantation clinical trials in paediatric patients. 允许在儿科患者中进行首次人类心脏异种移植临床试验的论据。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110452

Daniel J Hurst, Anthony Merlocco, Luz A Padilla, Chris Bobier

引用次数: 0

Tsunami-tendenko follows the antiextinction principle, not utilitarianism. Tsunami-tendenko遵循的是反灭绝原则，而不是功利主义。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109674

Susumu Cato, Ken Oshitani

{"title":"Tsunami-tendenko follows the antiextinction principle, not utilitarianism.","authors":"Susumu Cato, Ken Oshitani","doi":"10.1136/jme-2023-109674","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2023-109674","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the concept of 'tsunami-tendenko,' a guideline suggesting that individuals prioritise their own safety over aiding others during large-scale disasters. Kodama defends tsunami-tendenko against accusations of egoism by arguing that the principle can be justified ethically on consequentialist (or more precisely, utilitarian) grounds. Kodama asserts that attempting to assist others during such disasters heightens the risk of 'tomo-daore,' where both the rescuer and the victim may perish. He claims that having people focus solely on saving themselves can maximise the overall number of lives saved. However, we challenge Kodama's assertion that utilitarianism inherently favours tsunami-tendenko over mutual assistance during disasters. Instead, this paper proposes an alternative ethical foundation for tsunami-tendenko grounded in the 'antiextinction principle,' which prioritises minimising the potential for catastrophic outcomes. When considering the ethics of responding to disaster, it is important to distinguish between maximising the number of lives saved (utilitarianism) and minimising the risk of tomo-daore (antiextinction principle). This distinction may be overlooked if the distribution of probabilities is not considered. We conclude that the antiextinction principle aligns more naturally with tsunami-tendenko, emphasising the avoidance of catastrophic outcomes-a concern not always addressed by utilitarianism. Therefore, tsunami-tendenko should be regarded as a societal guideline aimed at preserving community sustainability by averting total destruction.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"203-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139983072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Getting rights right: implementing 'Martha's Rule'. 正确对待权利：实施 "玛莎规则"。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109650

Mackenzie Graham, Isabel Hanson, James Hart, Peter Young, Sapfo Lignou, Michael J Parker, Mark Sheehan

引用次数: 0

Words matter: 'enduring intolerable suffering' and the provider-side peril of Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada. 言辞很重要：在加拿大，"忍受无法忍受的痛苦 "和临终医疗协助的提供方危险。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109555

Christopher Lyon

{"title":"Words matter: 'enduring intolerable suffering' and the provider-side peril of Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada.","authors":"Christopher Lyon","doi":"10.1136/jme-2023-109555","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2023-109555","url":null,"abstract":"Enduring intolerable suffering, an essential eligibility criterion in Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) in Canada and elsewhere, is a contradiction in terms, in that suffering must be tolerable to be endured. Cases of people who were approved for MAiD but who elected to die naturally, thus tolerating their suffering, bear out the unreliability of this central safeguard. The clinical assessment of intolerable suffering may be strengthened by adopting a definition of intolerable suffering centred on clinically evidenced physical and psychological decompensation. This argument also raises important questions about the risks of MAiD clinicians subjectively defining, approving and providing MAiD in ways that deviate from accepted legal and clinical concepts and ethics. Examples show some prolific clinicians describe MAiD in terminology that differs from such norms, as a personal mission, as personally pleasurable, and as a rights-based service. These alternative views are explored for their risks in assessing and providing MAiD for intolerable suffering. This further demonstrates the need for conceptual clarity in legislation, improved vetting and monitoring of clinicians, and a different assessment process to protect patients and clinicians.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"187-194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Xenotransplantation and the way forward.

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-110800

César Palacios-González

引用次数: 0

A rebuttal on externalism. 对外部主义的反驳。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110100

Hane Htut Maung

{"title":"A rebuttal on externalism.","authors":"Hane Htut Maung","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110100","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-110100","url":null,"abstract":"In a recent paper, I argued that an externalist understanding of mental disorder from the philosophy of psychiatry presents an ethical challenge to the practice of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) for psychiatric illness, because it highlights the ways in which the suffering associated with psychiatric illness is sustained by features of the external environment wherein the person is embedded, including social barriers and injustices. In a response to my paper, Harry Hudson argues that addressing social inequality lacks relevance to the immediate permissibility of psychiatric MAiD and that the issue of psychiatric MAiD should be informed by 'pragmatic politics' rather than by 'obfuscatory philosophy'. Herein, I contend that Hudson's response misconstrues my position and ascribes to me views I neither express nor endorse. My paper does not claim that psychiatric MAiD should be denied to people who are presently in intolerable distress. Rather, it suggests that the provision of psychiatric MAiD comes along with social responsibilities of the state to attend to the barriers and injustices that sustain and exacerbate psychiatric illness, as well as ethical responsibilities of clinicians to consider a wider range of presently available psychological and social interventions which may have been neglected under a traditional internalist approach.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"199-200"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cardiac xenotransplantation: between experimental therapy and palliative care. 心脏异种移植：介于实验治疗和姑息治疗之间。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110487

Marta Szabat

引用次数: 0

Reassessing the role of informed decision-making in cardiac xenotransplantation. 重新评估知情决策在心脏异种移植中的作用。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110496

Alberto Aparicio, Peyton Swanson, Daniel Aillaud De Uriarte

引用次数: 0