Journal of Medical Ethics最新文献_第2页

The Case against compulsory vaccination: the failed arguments from risk imposition, tax evasion, 'social liberty', and the priority of life. 反对强制疫苗接种的理由：从风险强加、逃税、"社会自由 "和生命优先等方面提出的失败论据。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110236

Uwe Steinhoff

{"title":"The Case against compulsory vaccination: the failed arguments from risk imposition, tax evasion, 'social liberty', and the priority of life.","authors":"Uwe Steinhoff","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2024-110236","url":null,"abstract":"Arguments for mandatory or compulsory vaccination must justify the coercive infringement of bodily integrity via the injection of chemicals that permanently affect a body's inner constitution. Four arguments are considered. The allegedly libertarian argument declares unvaccinated persons a threat; accordingly, vaccination could take the form of justifiable defence of self and others. This argument conflates material and statistical threats. The harsh coercive measures permissible in defence against the former are not permissible in prevention of the latter. The argument from tax evasion claims that people can be permissibly coerced into bearing their fair financial burdens of community life and likens this to sharing burdens in the face of a viral threat. The argument fails to demonstrate that vaccination would be fair, permissible in spite of potential lethal side-effects, and sufficiently similar to taxation despite the categorical difference between temporary deprivation of money and permanent deprivation of one's original inner bodily constitution. The argument from 'social liberty' claims that the loss of freedom due to mandatory vaccination is only apparent, namely outweighed by corresponding gains in freedom. This argument conflates freedom as the absence of coercion with freedom as the presence of options for action. It fails to give the former its due weight and to demonstrate that persons may be coerced into increasing the options of others. The argument from the priority of life elevates the protection of life to an absolute value. This is unwarranted and leads to counterintuitive implications. Without better arguments, mandatory vaccination must be rejected.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142545945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

(Un)equal treatment in the 'tobacco-free generation'. (无烟一代 "的（不）平等待遇。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110209

Johannes Kniess

引用次数: 0

Gestation most certainly matters, but it need not involve an 'emotional relationship'. 妊娠当然重要，但不一定涉及 "情感关系"。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110412

Heloise Robinson

引用次数: 0

Critical dialogue method of ethics consultation: making clinical ethics facilitation visible and accessible. 伦理咨询的批判性对话方法：让临床伦理促进工作变得可见和可及。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109927

Clare Delany, Sharon Feldman, Barbara Kameniar, Lynn Gillam

{"title":"Critical dialogue method of ethics consultation: making clinical ethics facilitation visible and accessible.","authors":"Clare Delany, Sharon Feldman, Barbara Kameniar, Lynn Gillam","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-109927","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-109927","url":null,"abstract":"In clinical ethics consultations, clinical ethicists bring moral reasoning to bear on concrete and complex clinical ethical problems by undertaking ethical deliberation in collaboration with others. The reasoning process involves identifying and clarifying ethical values which are at stake or contested, and guiding clinicians, and sometimes patients and families, to think through ethically justifiable and available courses of action in clinical situations. There is, however, ongoing discussion about the various methods ethicists use to do this ethical deliberation work. In this paper, we make visible and accessible seven steps of facilitation used in the critical dialogue method of ethics consultation.We describe how the facilitation techniques serve two overall purposes. First, to identify ethically justified responses to ethical questions. Second, to assist participants to gain greater moral clarity, understanding and confidence to respond to ethical challenges as independent moral agents.By describing in detail facilitation steps for clinical ethics consultation, we aim to advance the scholarship of 'clinical ethics facilitation methods' and to demystify the ethical deliberation work undertaken by clinical ethicists.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141558957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Total lockdown and fairness towards the sufferer: an egalitarian response to Savulescu and Cameron. 全面封锁与公平对待患者：对萨武列斯库和卡梅伦的平等主义回应。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109886

Jesús Mora

{"title":"Total lockdown and fairness towards the sufferer: an egalitarian response to Savulescu and Cameron.","authors":"Jesús Mora","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-109886","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-109886","url":null,"abstract":"Savulescu and Cameron supported selectively locking down the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic on two grounds: first, that preserving total lockdown would entail levelling down and, second, that levelling down is wrong. Their first assumption has been thoroughly addressed, but more can be said about their wider antiegalitarian point that levelling down is simply wrong. Egalitarians are not defenceless against the levelling-down objection. Even though some consider it the most serious challenge to supporters of equality, egalitarianism possesses sound reasons to assert, not only that something valuable is preserved when we level down, but also that preserving it may be, in certain circumstances, preferable to pursuing other fundamental moral goals. Although troublesome from a well-being maximising standpoint, levelling down ensures that healthcare policy reflects a commitment with the idea that people are equal in moral worth. That commitment is important enough to trump certain improvements in individual well-being. In the case of pandemic lockdowns, not all the interests protected by free movement are as fundamental as to pursue them at the cost of equality. Savulescu and Cameron's framework is so reliant on the view that levelling down is wrong that it fails to account for the valuable loss that having the elderly suffer alone represents.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"770-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140891849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limits of advance directives in decision-making around food and nutrition in patients with dementia. 预先指示在痴呆症患者食物和营养决策中的局限性。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109652

Wayne Shelton, Cynthia Geppert

引用次数: 0

Proceeding with care. 谨慎行事。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110207

James J Cordeiro

引用次数: 0

Defending genetic disenhancement in xenotransplantation. 为异种移植中的基因缺陷辩护。