Journal of Medical Ethics最新文献_第2页

Pretty good as it is: against central planning in bioethics. 尽管它很好：反对生物伦理学的中央计划。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111290

Zeljka Buturovic

引用次数: 0

Rebutting Avraham Steinberg's response to Shahvisi: on responsibility for health scarcity in Gaza. 反驳亚伯拉罕·斯坦伯格对Shahvisi的回应：关于加沙卫生短缺的责任。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111044

Zohar Lederman

引用次数: 0

A consequentialist case for permitting conscientious objection in healthcare. 在医疗保健中允许良心反对的结果主义案例。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111262

Steve Clarke

{"title":"A consequentialist case for permitting conscientious objection in healthcare.","authors":"Steve Clarke","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-111262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1136/jme-2025-111262","url":null,"abstract":"Prominent consequentialists who write about conscientious objection (CO) in healthcare, Julian Savulescu and Udo Schüklenk, both argue for the 'incompatibility thesis'-the view that healthcare professionals ought never to be entitled to exercise a CO to absolve themselves of the responsibility to perform professional duties. I argue, contra Savulescu and Schüklenk, that consequentialists should advocate for a compromise position under which healthcare professionals are entitled to conscientiously object to providing some services under some circumstances. The compromise advocated differs dramatically from the most prominent compromise position in the academic literature on CO in healthcare, Brock's 'conventional compromise'. The conventional compromise relies on referral, and I show that this is a problematic tool for consequentialists to rely on. I argue that the best approach to managing CO, from a consequentialist point of view, is to set up a system of region-based registers of available healthcare professionals who lack COs to procedures for which COs are permitted. Patients and healthcare professionals in the given region would be able to access-and be encouraged to consult-the register for their region before receiving any form of healthcare for which COs are permitted, thereby eliminating the need for referral in most circumstances.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145149404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The virtue of disagreeing about how to disagree: a commentary on 'Bioethics and the value of disagreement' by Parker. 不同意如何不同意的美德：帕克对“生命伦理学和不同意的价值”的评论。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111212

Thomas Donaldson

引用次数: 0

AI may be systematically adversarial to adversarial cooperation. 人工智能可能在系统上对抗对抗性合作。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111196

Thomas F Burns

引用次数: 0

Harms of the current global anti-FGM campaign. 当前全球反女性生殖器切割运动的危害。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-110961

Fuambai Sia Nyoko Ahmadu, Dina Bader, Janice Boddy, Mamasa Camara, Natasha Carver, Rosie Duivenbode, Brian D Earp, Birgitta Essén, Ellen Gruenbaum, Saida Hodžić, Sara Johnsdotter, Saffron Karlsen, Sophia Koukoui, Cynthia Kraus, MariaCaterina La Barbera, Lori Leonard, Carlos D Londoño Sulkin, Ruth M Mestre I Mestre, Sarah O'Neill, Christina Pantazis, Maree Pardy, Juliet Rogers, Nan Seuffert, Arianne Shahvisi, Richard A Shweder, Lotta Wendel

{"title":"Harms of the current global anti-FGM campaign.","authors":"Fuambai Sia Nyoko Ahmadu, Dina Bader, Janice Boddy, Mamasa Camara, Natasha Carver, Rosie Duivenbode, Brian D Earp, Birgitta Essén, Ellen Gruenbaum, Saida Hodžić, Sara Johnsdotter, Saffron Karlsen, Sophia Koukoui, Cynthia Kraus, MariaCaterina La Barbera, Lori Leonard, Carlos D Londoño Sulkin, Ruth M Mestre I Mestre, Sarah O'Neill, Christina Pantazis, Maree Pardy, Juliet Rogers, Nan Seuffert, Arianne Shahvisi, Richard A Shweder, Lotta Wendel","doi":"10.1136/jme-2025-110961","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2025-110961","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional female genital practices, though long-standing in many cultures, have become the focus of an expansive global campaign against 'female genital mutilation' (FGM). In this article, we critically examine the harms produced by the anti-FGM discourse and policies, despite their grounding in human rights and health advocacy. We argue that a ubiquitous 'standard tale' obscures the diversity of practices, meanings and experiences among those affected. This discourse, driven by a heavily racialised and ethnocentric framework, has led to unintended but serious consequences: the erosion of trust in healthcare settings, the silencing of dissenting or nuanced community voices, racial profiling and disproportionate legal surveillance of migrant families. Moreover, we highlight a troubling double standard that legitimises comparable genital surgeries in Western contexts while condemning similar procedures in others. We call for more balanced and evidence-based journalism, policy and public discourse-ones that account for cultural complexity and avoid the reductive and stigmatising force of the term 'mutilation'. A re-evaluation of advocacy strategies is needed to ensure that they do not reproduce the very injustices they aim to challenge.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting medical oaths: how student-driven ethical codes reflect changing values. 重新审视医学誓言：学生驱动的道德规范如何反映不断变化的价值观。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110460

Michael Stein, Shaun Evan Gruenbaum, Alan Jotkowitz

{"title":"Revisiting medical oaths: how student-driven ethical codes reflect changing values.","authors":"Michael Stein, Shaun Evan Gruenbaum, Alan Jotkowitz","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110460","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-110460","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medical oaths and ethical codes play a crucial role in guiding physicians through their professional responsibilities. This study extends prior research on ethical codes created by students at the Medical School for International Health (MSIH) by analysing codes from the years 2007 to 2022.Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate changes in the ethical principles emphasised by MSIH students over time and to compare these with previous cohorts.Methods: Ethical codes from MSIH classes (2007-2022) were analysed using the framework developed by Baker. This framework categorises oaths into four sections: preamble, covenant, code of duties to patients and peroration. The focus was primarily on the code of duties to patients. Quantitative analysis was used to assess the prevalence of specific ethical principles.Results: The study found an increased emphasis on principles such as 'respect for patients' and 'cultural competence/sensitivity', while traditional values like 'benevolence' and 'honesty' were mentioned less frequently. New themes, including 'patient autonomy' and 'cultural competence', emerged, reflecting a shift towards patient-centred care and justice, though emerging issues like artificial intelligence ethics were not addressed.Conclusions: MSIH students' ethical codes have evolved to emphasise patient respect and cultural competence. The findings suggest a maturation in the ethical perspectives of medical students, though gaps remain in addressing contemporary challenges. Future studies should explore how ethical codes can incorporate emerging issues in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"679-683"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How (not) to define 'assisted dying'. 如何（不）定义“协助死亡”。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110415

David Albert Jones

{"title":"How (not) to define 'assisted dying'.","authors":"David Albert Jones","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110415","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-110415","url":null,"abstract":"In the last 20 years 'assisted dying' (and/or its variants 'assisted death', 'assistance in dying', 'aid in dying') has become increasingly prevalent as a term to denote the intentional ending of the life of a patient by or with the assistance of a doctor. However, there is no agreed definition. This paper focuses on the debate over the definition of this term in the UK. It notes that, broadly speaking, there are two ways in which 'assisted dying' has been defined. There are generic definitions, which cover a variety of practices, including self-administration of a lethal drug (assisted suicide) and administration by a healthcare professional (euthanasia) with or without specific eligibility criteria. In contrast, there are stipulative definitions which limit the term to a particular practice, for example, assisted suicide (not euthanasia) of adults (not minors) who are terminally ill (not those with chronic conditions). Examples of the former kind of definition are provided by the British Medical Association in its 2020 members' survey and the POSTbrief on Assisted dying. Examples of the latter are provided by the British Medical Journal and the British Broadcasting Corporation. This paper argues that stipulative definitions are problematic in that they exclude practices that are widely referred to as 'assisted dying'. The attempt to restrict the definition leads to the term being used inconsistently. Stipulative definitions can be used consistently if it is acknowledged that they are secondary to the generic sense. This matters because clarity of terminology is a prerequisite of rational debate.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"657-661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

When understanding fails: how diverging norms in medicine and research led to informed consent failures during the pandemic. 当理解失败时：大流行期间医学和研究规范的分歧如何导致知情同意失败。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110440

Daniel Pinto

{"title":"When understanding fails: how diverging norms in medicine and research led to informed consent failures during the pandemic.","authors":"Daniel Pinto","doi":"10.1136/jme-2024-110440","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2024-110440","url":null,"abstract":"During the COVID-19 pandemic, there were many vaccine trials which had significant purposes which participants needed to understand to validly consent. For example, participants needed to understand that the purpose of dose-escalation vaccine trials was to give incremental doses of a vaccine until participants became ill. Likewise, participants needed to understand that even if they received placebos, they could not take a genuine vaccine to preserve the integrity of the trials. Yet, these intuitive judgements about what participants need to understand to validly consent are rejected by recent accounts of consent. According to these accounts, as long as participants were given a good opportunity to learn these purposes, they do not need to actually understand them to consent. In this paper, I reject this consensus, and I argue that participants who failed to understand these aims associated with vaccine trials failed to provide legitimate consent. I defend this claim by developing and defending a new understanding condition for valid consent. According to this understanding condition, a participant must understand when a consent transaction has features which violate the norms which govern the medical practice with which they are acquainted. I argue that this condition is independently plausible and best explains why participants needed to understand these aims associated with vaccine trials to validly consent.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":" ","pages":"668-671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reimagining regulation, placebos and other issues in medical ethics. 重新构想监管、安慰剂和其他医学伦理问题。

IF 3.4 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2025-111346

Kenneth Boyd

引用次数: 0