Journal of Medical Ethics最新文献_第2页

Defending genetic disenhancement in xenotransplantation. 为异种移植中的基因缺陷辩护。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110362

Daniel Rodger, Daniel J Hurst, Christopher A Bobier, Xavier Symons

引用次数: 0

Ethics of care challenge to advance directives for dementia patients. 护理伦理对痴呆症患者预先指示的挑战。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108475

William Jinwoong Choi

{"title":"Ethics of care challenge to advance directives for dementia patients.","authors":"William Jinwoong Choi","doi":"10.1136/jme-2022-108475","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2022-108475","url":null,"abstract":"Advance directives for withholding life-saving treatment are controversial for dementia patients whose previously expressed wishes conflict with their currently expressed desires. To illustrate this ethical dilemma, McMahan conceives a hypothetical case in which an intellectually proud creative woman signs an advance directive stipulating her refusal to receive life-saving treatment if she contracts a fatal condition with dementia. However, when she develops dementia and forgets this advance directive, she contracts pneumonia and now expresses a desire to live. In response to such dilemmas, scholars like Norman Cantor have defended the moral authority of advance directives by giving credence to one's prior competent wishes over one's current incompetent preferences. I argue that their arguments, which are rooted in the principle of respect for autonomy, operate under ableist assumptions about incompetent persons and exclude other important features of respect. I propose an ethics of care model as an alternative moral approach that reconceptualises respect as a matter of caring about people's contemporaneous interests, even if they are not competently conceived. It fosters the virtues of care by encouraging healthcare providers to recognise dementia patients as legitimate narrative agents capable of authoring their own evolving life story. I argue that the ethics of care model not only provides an ethical defence of the creative woman's current incompetent desire to live despite her advance directive, but also vindicates our moral intuitions about what it means to demonstrate respect to dementia patients.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics briefing. 道德简报。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110423

Natalie Michaux, Allison Milbrath

引用次数: 0

Fetuses are not adult humans: a response to Miller on abortion. 胎儿不是成人：对米勒堕胎问题的回应。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-109854

Ben Saunders

引用次数: 0

Self-harm in immigration detention: political, not (just) medical. 移民拘留中的自我伤害：政治问题，而不仅仅是医疗问题。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108366

Guy Aitchison, Ryan Essex

{"title":"Self-harm in immigration detention: political, not (just) medical.","authors":"Guy Aitchison, Ryan Essex","doi":"10.1136/jme-2022-108366","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2022-108366","url":null,"abstract":"Self-harm within immigration detention centres has been a widely documented phenomenon, occurring at far higher rates than the wider community. Evidence suggests that factors such as the conditions of detention and uncertainty about refugee status are among the most prominent precipitators of self-harm. While important in explaining self-harm, this is not the entire story. In this paper, we argue for a more overtly political interpretation of detainee self-harm as resistance and assess the ethical implications of this view, drawing on interviews with detainees from Australia's offshore system. Self-harm by detainees is not only a medical 'condition' arising in response to oppression but a form of political action to lessen or contest it. We first establish how self-harm could be conceptualised as resistance. We then discuss its political purpose, noting it serves at least three functions: intrinsic, instrumental and disruptive or coercive. Viewing detainee self-harm as political resistance is a supplement to (rather than a substitute for) a medical approach. However, conceptualising self-harm this way has several advantages, namely, moving away from the idea that such behaviour is 'maladaptive', recognising detainees as political agents, combatting government claims of 'manipulation' and 'blackmail' and clarifying the duties of healthcare workers who work in detention.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10444657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genetic disenhancement and xenotransplantation: diminishing pigs' capacity to experience suffering through genetic engineering. 基因强化和异种移植：通过基因工程降低猪的受苦能力。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109594

Daniel Rodger, Daniel J Hurst, Christopher A Bobier, Xavier Symons

引用次数: 0

Prioritisation and non-sentientist harms: reconsidering xenotransplantation ethics. 优先顺序和非有情主义危害：重新考虑异种移植伦理。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2024-110202

Christian Rodriguez Perez, Edwin Louis-Maerten, Samuel Camenzind, Matthias Eggel, Kirsten Persson, David Shaw

引用次数: 0

Animus: human-embodied animals. Animus：人类化身的动物。

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2022-108817

Julian Savulescu, Tsutomu Sawai

引用次数: 0

How should China set ethical guardrails for medical research? 中国应如何为医学研究设置伦理警戒线？

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109621

Jingyi Xu, Zhongxuan Liu, Jiayou Shi, Yue Wang

引用次数: 0

Why the irremediability requirement is not sufficient to deny psychiatric euthanasia for patients with treatment-resistant depression. 为什么不可救药的要求不足以拒绝为耐药抑郁症患者实施精神安乐死？

IF 3.3 2区哲学

Journal of Medical Ethics Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1136/jme-2023-109644

Marcus T L Teo

{"title":"Why the irremediability requirement is not sufficient to deny psychiatric euthanasia for patients with treatment-resistant depression.","authors":"Marcus T L Teo","doi":"10.1136/jme-2023-109644","DOIUrl":"10.1136/jme-2023-109644","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) holds centrality in many debates regarding psychiatric euthanasia. Among the strongest reasons cited by opponents of psychiatric euthanasia is the uncertainty behind the irremediability of psychiatric illnesses. According to this argument, conditions that cannot be considered irremediable imply that there are possible remedies that remain for the condition. If there are possible remedies that remain for the condition, then patients with that condition cannot be considered for access to euthanasia. I call this the irremediability requirement (IR). I argue that patients with TRD can, indeed, meet the operationalisation of irremediability in the IR. This is because the irremediability it asks for is not some global or absolute irremediability, but rather a present irremediability based on the current state of medical science. I show this by considering irremediability relating to (1) possible future treatments and (2) not trying presently available alternative treatments. I extend Schuklenk nd van de Vathorst's argument from parity to terminal malignancies, to show that (1) is an unreasonable expectation for all cases of euthanasia. Taking (2) as a more serious opponent to psychiatric euthanasia, I show how the IR, based on how it is presently operationalised, can be realistically applied to cases of TRD. I do this by further developing Tully's argument on broad-sense treatment resistance with the robust empirical data from the STAR*D trials. If my argument from Tully's is valid, then we have reasons to, again, seek parity between the operationalisations of irremediability in terminal malignancies and TRD.","PeriodicalId":16317,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Ethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139432047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0