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Heteroskedastic supply and demand estimation: Analysis and testing 异方差供求估计：分析与测试
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103817
Matthew Grant , Anson Soderbery
{"title":"Heteroskedastic supply and demand estimation: Analysis and testing","authors":"Matthew Grant ,&nbsp;Anson Soderbery","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2023.103817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Feenstra (1994) method is widely used in the international trade literature to estimate supply and demand elasticities. The method is mechanically an IV strategy, and we demonstrate that this has important implications for its application and reliability. The assumptions needed for it to yield unbiased estimates are stronger than previously understood, and in practice, estimates are subject to bias due to both weak instruments and violations of the exclusion restriction. We illustrate how these arise in context and show that standard tests identify estimates that are likely to be biased. In an application to U.S. import data, estimates of import demand and export supply elasticities are substantially lower among goods that pass standard tests relative to those that fail. We find evidence that this difference in elasticities reflects reduction of bias as well as some selection in the set of goods that tend to pass both tests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103817"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140052070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Firm input choice under trade policy uncertainty 贸易政策不确定性下的企业投入选择
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103909
Kyle Handley , Nuno Limão , Rodney D. Ludema , Zhi Yu
{"title":"Firm input choice under trade policy uncertainty","authors":"Kyle Handley ,&nbsp;Nuno Limão ,&nbsp;Rodney D. Ludema ,&nbsp;Zhi Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the role of trade policy uncertainty (TPU) in shaping the import decisions of firms. In a model where firms must incur sunk costs to adopt new imported varieties of an input, a reduction in TPU for a given input increases imports of that input (a substitution effect) and possibly other inputs (a scale effect). We explore this in the context of China’s accession to the WTO, which bound China’s tariffs. We find that, controlling for current tariffs, the threat of reversion to past high tariffs reduces imports, but much less so after WTO accession, consistent with lower TPU. The current-tariff trade elasticity also increases after WTO entry, reflecting a greater perceived permanence of current tariffs. We find evidence of both substitution and scale effects for imports, and post accession, firms were more likely to adopt products previously subject to higher tariff risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140138435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accounting for trade patterns 贸易模式核算
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103910
Stephen J. Redding , David E. Weinstein
{"title":"Accounting for trade patterns","authors":"Stephen J. Redding ,&nbsp;David E. Weinstein","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We develop a quantitative framework for decomposing trade patterns. We derive price indexes that determine comparative advantage and the aggregate cost of living. If firms and products are imperfect substitutes, we show that these price indexes depend on variety, average appeal (including quality), and the dispersion of appeal-adjusted prices. We show that they are only weakly related to standard empirical measures of average prices. We find that 40 percent of the cross-section variation in comparative advantage, and 90 percent of the time-series variation, is accounted for by variety and average appeal, with less than 10 percent attributed to average prices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140072091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preemptive austerity with rollover risk 有翻转风险的先发制人的紧缩政策
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103914
Juan Carlos Conesa , Timothy J. Kehoe
{"title":"Preemptive austerity with rollover risk","authors":"Juan Carlos Conesa ,&nbsp;Timothy J. Kehoe","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>By <em>preemptive austerity</em>, we mean a policy that increases taxes to deter potential rollover crises. The policy is so successful that the usual danger signal of a rollover crisis, a high yield on new bonds sold, does not show up, because the policy eliminates the danger. Mechanically, high taxes make the safe zone in the model – the set of sovereign debt levels for which the government prefers to repay its debt rather than default – larger. By announcing a high tax rate at the beginning of the period, the government ensures that tax revenue will be high enough to service sovereign debt becoming due, which deters panics by international lenders but is ex-post suboptimal. That is why, as it engages in preemptive austerity, the government continues to reduce the level of debt to a point where, at least asymptotically, high taxes are no longer necessary.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Laffer curve for rules of origin 原产地规则的拉弗曲线
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103911
Keith Head , Thierry Mayer , Marc Melitz
{"title":"The Laffer curve for rules of origin","authors":"Keith Head ,&nbsp;Thierry Mayer ,&nbsp;Marc Melitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Firms in regional trade areas choose whether to comply with rules of origin (RoO) or pay a tariff penalty. Stricter content requirements initially expand regional part sourcing, but contract it when set at levels above a threshold, analogously to the Laffer curve for taxes. We calibrate the model to fit part cost shares for autos sold in North America. The effects of the 75% RoO imposed in 2020 depend on the relevant tariff and the ability to relocate assembly. With fixed assembly locations, the higher RoO reduces employment in all three countries for cars, where tariffs are low. For trucks, the 25% US tariff induces more compliance in Canada and Mexico, increasing employment in those countries. With the option to relocate assembly, higher RoOs redistribute employment to the US, but Canada and Mexico lose more, leading to a half percent decline in North American employment for both cars and trucks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103911"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140041445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The unequal effects of trade and automation across local labor markets 贸易和自动化对当地劳动力市场的不平等影响
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103912
Simon Galle , Linnea Lorentzen
{"title":"The unequal effects of trade and automation across local labor markets","authors":"Simon Galle ,&nbsp;Linnea Lorentzen","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We quantify the joint impact of the China shock and automation of labor, across US commuting zones (CZs) in the period 2000–2007. To this end, we employ a multi-sector gravity model of trade with Roy-Fréchet worker heterogeneity across sectors, where labor input can be automated. Automation and increased import competition from China are both sector-specific; they lead to contractions in a sector’s labor demand and a decline in relative income for CZs more specialized in that sector, amplified by a voluntary reduction in hours worked and an increase in frictional unemployment. The estimated model fits well with the aggregate performance of manufacturing subsectors and with the variation across CZs in changes in average income, the hourly wage, hours worked, the employment rate and employment in manufacturing. By itself, the China shock has stronger distributional effects than automation, but its impact on aggregate gains is less than a third of automation’s impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022199624000369/pdfft?md5=e3efe90f1739b560d8ac0f508ec79ad2&pid=1-s2.0-S0022199624000369-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140031188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Unveiling the dance of commodity prices and the global financial cycle 揭开商品价格与全球金融周期之舞的面纱
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103913
Luciana Juvenal , Ivan Petrella
{"title":"Unveiling the dance of commodity prices and the global financial cycle","authors":"Luciana Juvenal ,&nbsp;Ivan Petrella","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the impact of commodity price changes on the business cycles and capital flows in emerging markets and developing economies (EMDEs), distinguishing between their role as a source of shock and as a channel of transmission of global shocks. Our findings reveal that surges in export prices, triggered by commodity price shocks, boost domestic GDP, an effect further amplified by the endogenous decline of country spreads. However, the effects on capital flows appear muted. Shifts in U.S. monetary policy and global risk appetite drive the global financial cycle in EMDEs. Eased global credit conditions, attributed to looser U.S. monetary policy or lower global risk appetite, lead to a rise in export prices, higher output, a decrease in government borrowing costs, and stimulate greater capital flows. The endogenous response of export prices amplifies the output effects of a more accommodative U.S. monetary policy while country spreads magnify the impact of shifts in global risk appetite.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140042389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sovereign debt and economic growth when government is myopic and self-interested 政府近视和自利时的主权债务与经济增长
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103906
Viral V. Acharya , Raghuram G. Rajan , Jack B. Shim
{"title":"Sovereign debt and economic growth when government is myopic and self-interested","authors":"Viral V. Acharya ,&nbsp;Raghuram G. Rajan ,&nbsp;Jack B. Shim","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine how a sovereign’s ability to borrow abroad affects the country’s growth and steady-state consumption when the government is both myopic and self-interested. Surprisingly, government myopia can increase a country’s access to external borrowing and extend the government’s effective horizon, giving it a stake in incentivizing private production and savings despite its self-interest. In a high-saving country, the lengthening of the government’s effective horizon can incentivize it to tax less, resulting in a “growth boost”, with higher steady-state household consumption than if it could not borrow abroad. However, in a country that saves little, the government may engage in repressive tax policies to channel domestic savings into government bonds. This increases future governments’ costs of default, and in turn enhances current debt capacity and spending, but can lead to a “growth trap” where steady-state household consumption is lower than without government’s access to external borrowing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140019347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantifying the Germany shock: Structural labor-market reforms and spillovers in a currency union 量化德国冲击：货币联盟中的结构性劳动力市场改革和溢出效应
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103905
Harald Fadinger , Philipp Herkenhoff , Jan Schymik
{"title":"Quantifying the Germany shock: Structural labor-market reforms and spillovers in a currency union","authors":"Harald Fadinger ,&nbsp;Philipp Herkenhoff ,&nbsp;Jan Schymik","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the effects of unilateral structural reforms within a currency union. Focusing on the surge of German competitiveness following the introduction of the Euro, we first provide reduced-form causal evidence supporting the notion that German structural labor-market reforms in the early 2000s led to a crowding-out of manufacturing employment in other Eurozone economies. To assess the impact of this German competitiveness shock, we build a quantitative multi-sector trade model that features downward nominal wage rigidities, endogenous labor supply, unemployment-insurance benefits and international savings. The fixed nominal exchange rate can create binding nominal rigidities in response to a foreign real supply shock – like the one prompted by the German reforms – resulting in significant contraction of manufacturing sectors and increased involuntary unemployment across other Eurozone countries. We consider a number of counterfactual scenarios, such as the impact of German labor-market reforms in the absence of a fixed exchange-rate regime, the role of coordinated reforms within the Eurozone and a higher average inflation rate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103905"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139956612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International transmission of the U.S. dollar liquidity shock: The channel of FX borrowing and lending 美元流动性冲击的国际传播：外汇借贷渠道
IF 3.3 1区 经济学
Journal of International Economics Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103907
Youngju Kim , Hyunjoon Lim , Youngjin Yun
{"title":"International transmission of the U.S. dollar liquidity shock: The channel of FX borrowing and lending","authors":"Youngju Kim ,&nbsp;Hyunjoon Lim ,&nbsp;Youngjin Yun","doi":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jinteco.2024.103907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Access to foreign exchange (FX) liquidity is crucial to the growth and stability of emerging market economies. We examine the impact of U.S. dollar liquidity shocks on firm investments in Korea by constructing a dataset that merges four distinct micro-level data spanning ten years from 2006 to 2015. We trace the path of FX liquidity from the international financial market to Korean banks and subsequently to listed firms. During international liquidity shocks, banks borrow less FX but pay higher interest rates. Weak banks, whose FX borrowing rates are sensitive to these shocks, reduce their FX credit supply to firms. Among the FX loan-reliant firms that are highly productive, those borrowing from weak banks reduce their investments. This channel of FX borrowing and lending accounts for 19% of the decline in the investment of listed firms during the peak of the Global Financial Crisis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16276,"journal":{"name":"Journal of International Economics","volume":"150 ","pages":"Article 103907"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139946204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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