Journal of Lipids最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Alexithymia on the Lipid Profile in Major Depressed Individuals.","authors":"Camille Point,&nbsp;Benjamin Wacquier,&nbsp;Marjorie Dosogne,&nbsp;Mohammed Al Faker,&nbsp;Hadrien Willame,&nbsp;Gwenolé Loas,&nbsp;Matthieu Hein","doi":"10.1155/2022/5450814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5450814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cooccurrence of major depression and dyslipidaemia is associated with negative cardiovascular outcome, which seems to justify a better identification of the factors favouring the development of dyslipidaemia in major depressed individuals. In the literature, there are arguments in favour of a special relationship between dyslipidaemia and alexithymia. However, despite a high prevalence of alexithymia in major depressed individuals, no study has investigated the impact of this personality trait on the lipid profile in this particular subpopulation. Given these elements, the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the risk of dyslipidaemia associated with alexithymia in major depressed individuals to allow better cardiovascular prevention in this subpopulation. <i>Subjects and Methods</i>. Demographic and polysomnographic data from 242 major depressed individuals recruited from the clinical database of the sleep laboratory were analysed. Only individuals with a diagnosis of dyslipidaemia according to the diagnostic criteria of the <i>International Diabetes Federation</i> at admission were included in the \"dyslipidaemia\" group. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk of dyslipidaemia associated with alexithymia in major depressed individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 43.8% in our sample of major depressed individuals. After adjusting for the main confounding factors, multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that alexithymia was a risk factor for dyslipidaemia in major depressed individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we found that alexithymia is a risk factor for dyslipidaemia in major depressed individuals, which seems to justify better identification and adequate management of this personality trait in order to allow a better lipid profile in this subpopulation at high cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":" ","pages":"5450814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9225907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40397556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age- and Diet-Dependent Changes in Hepatic Lipidomic Profiles of Phospholipids in Male Mice: Age Acceleration in Cyp2b-Null Mice","authors":"M. Heintz, Ramiya Kumar, Kristal M. Maner-Smith, E. Ortlund, W. S. Baldwin","doi":"10.1155/2022/7122738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7122738","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in traditional serum lipid profiles are associated with obesity, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Recent lipidomic analysis has indicated changes in serum lipidome profiles, especially in regard to specific phosphatidylcholines, associated with obesity. However, little work has evaluated murine hepatic liver lipidomic profiles nor compared these profiles across age, high-fat diet, or specific genotypes, in this case the lack of hepatic Cyp2b enzymes. In this study, the effects of age (9 months old), high-fat diet (4.5 months old), and the loss of three primarily hepatic xeno- and endobiotic metabolizing cytochrome P450 (Cyp) enzymes, Cyp2b9, Cyp2b10, and Cyp2b13 (Cyp2b-null mice), on the male murine hepatic lipidome were compared. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis show that age perturbs hepatic phospholipid profiles and serum lipid markers the most compared to young mice, followed by a high-fat diet and then loss of Cyp2b. Several lipid biomarkers such as PC/PE ratios, PE 38 : 6, and LPC concentrations indicate greater potential for NAFLD and hypertension with mixed effects in Cyp2b-null mice(less NAFLD and greater hypertension-associated markers). Lipid profiles from older mice contain greater total and n-6 fatty acids than normal diet (ND)-fed young mice; however, surprisingly, young Cyp2b-null mice contain high n-6 : n-3 ratios. Overall, the lack of Cyp2b typically enhanced adverse physiological parameters observed in the older (9 mo) mice with increased weight gain combined with a deteriorating cholesterol profile, but not necessarily all phospholipid profiles were adversely perturbed.","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"255 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79499723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipoproteins as Markers for Monitoring Cancer Progression.","authors":"Logeswaran Maran,&nbsp;Auni Hamid,&nbsp;Shahrul Bariyah Sahul Hamid","doi":"10.1155/2021/8180424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8180424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipoproteins are among the contributors of energy for the survival of cancer cells. Studies indicate there are complex functions and metabolism of lipoproteins in cancer. The current review is aimed at providing updates from studies related to the monitoring of lipoproteins in different types of cancer. This had led to numerous clinical and experimental studies. The review covers the major lipoproteins such as LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). This is mainly due to increasing evidence from clinical and experimental studies that relate association of lipoproteins with cancer. Generally, a significant association exists between LDL-C with carcinogenesis and high oxLDL with metastasis. This warrants further investigations to include Mendelian randomization design and to be conducted in a larger population to confirm the significance of LDL-C and its oxidized form as prognostic markers of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8180424"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8452421/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39439989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Management Guidelines on Hyperlipidemia: The Silent Killer.","authors":"Lilly Su,&nbsp;Rea Mittal,&nbsp;Devyani Ramgobin,&nbsp;Rahul Jain,&nbsp;Rohit Jain","doi":"10.1155/2021/9883352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9883352","url":null,"abstract":"Given the high incidence of cardiovascular events in the United States, strict control of modifiable risk factors is important. Pharmacotherapy is helpful in maintaining control of modifiable risk factors such as elevated lipids or hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia can lead to atherosclerotic disease which may increase the risk of acute coronary events. Statin therapy has long been a mainstay in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, but while highly regarded, statin therapy also has side effects that may lead to patient noncompliance. Therefore, various medicines are being developed to manage hypercholesterolemia. This paper will discuss the role that lipids play in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic disease, review the current lipid management guidelines, and discuss new treatment options that are alternatives to statin therapy.","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9883352"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8363437/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39325115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Iran: Findings from the Four-Year FH Registry.","authors":"Golnaz Vaseghi, Marzieh Taheri, Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani, Mohammad Rayati, Sonia Zarfeshani, Ali Pourmoghaddas, Alireza Khosravi, Ehsan Zarepour, Parsa Keshavarzrad, Sina Arabi, Mohammadreza Azizi, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard, Jamshid Najafian, Nizal Sarrafzadegan","doi":"10.1155/2021/9913969","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/9913969","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disease. Its diagnosis in Iran was uncommon. Iran registry of FH (IRFH) has been started from 2017 from Isfahan. In this study, we report the four-year FH registry.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Iran FH registry is an ongoing study which is followed by a dynamic cohort. It has been started from 2017. The patients are selected from laboratories due to high cholesterol level and who have history of premature cardiovascular disease. The Dutch Lipid Clinic Network (DLCN) criteria are used for the detection of FH. Cascade screening is performed for detection of first-degree relative of patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 997 individuals included in this registry, they were 522 (mean age 51.41 ± 12.91 year), 141 (mean age 51.66 ± 8.3 year), and 129 (mean age 41 ± 16.5 year) patients from laboratories, premature cardiovascular disease, and relatives, respectively. In total, 263 patients were diagnosed with probable or definite FH, and others were in the possible group. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) level was 141.42 ± 45.27 mg/dl in the laboratory group and 54.9% of patients were on LLT treatment. In patients with premature cardiovascular disease and FH, the LDL level was 91.93 ± 32.58 and was on LLT treatment. The LDL concentration in the first relative of FH patients was 152.88 ± 70.77 and 45.7% of them are on LLT therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most of FH patients were underdiagnosed and undertreated before their inclusion in the IRFH. Cascade screening helps in the improvement of diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"9913969"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8213494/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39147773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ipomea batatas</i> Leaf Powder from Cameroon: Antioxidant Activity and Antihyperlipidemic Effect in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet.","authors":"Marcéline Joëlle Mbouche Fanmoe,&nbsp;Léopold Tatsadjieu Ngoune,&nbsp;Robert Ndjouenkeu","doi":"10.1155/2021/5539878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study consists of analyzing the phytochemical composition of <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> leaf powders and evaluating their antihyperlipidemic effect on rats receiving a high-fat diet. <i>Ipomoea batatas</i> leaves were collected from four agroecological areas of Cameroon, and powders were obtained after washing, drying, grinding, and sieving. Standard analytical methods were used to determine the phytochemical composition of two varieties (IRAD-tib1yellow-V1 and IRAD-1112white-V2) from North Z1, Adamawa Z2, West Z3, Center Z4. The effect of <i>I. batatas</i> leaf powder on lipid metabolism was assessed <i>in vivo</i> by feeding different groups of rats with a high-fat diet supplemented with 5 and 10% of <i>I. batatas</i> leaf powder during 30 days. At the end of the experimentation, total cholesterols, triglycerides, LDL- (low-density lipoprotein-) cholesterol, HDL- (High-density lipoprotein-) cholesterol, ASAT (aspartate aminotransferase), ALAT (alanine aminotransferase), and creatinine were measured using commercial enzymatic kits (Spinreact, Spain). The results of phytochemical analysis of <i>I. batatas</i> leaf powders revealed that the total phenol content ranged from 660.173 mg GAE/100 gDW (Z1V2) to 657.76 mg GAE/100 gDW (Z3V2), the flavonoids content ranged from 282.25 mgEC/100 gDW (Z3V1) to 325.05 mgEC/100 gDW (Z4V2), and the anthraquinone content ranged from 324.05 mg/100 gDW (Z3V2) to 326.72 mg/100 gDW (Z4V2). The total antioxidant capacity ranged from 19.00 (Z1V1) to 23.48 mg AAE/gDW (Z3V2), while the IC₅₀ ranged from 1.58 mg/mL (Z1V1) to 3.08 mg/mL (Z3V2). Rats fed a high-fat diet and supplemented with 5 and 10% of <i>I. batatas</i> leaf powder showed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduction in body weight compared to the control with a reduction rate ranging from 6 to 10%. The consumption of <i>I. batatas</i> leaf powder for 30 days significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, ALAT, and creatinine level. These results suggest the use of <i>I. batatas</i> leaves as a phytomedicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5539878"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8213499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39081949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Perspectives on HDL: From Simple Quantity Measurements to Functional Quality Assessment.","authors":"Himani Thakkar, Vinnyfred Vincent, Atanu Sen, Archna Singh, Ambuj Roy","doi":"10.1155/2021/5585521","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/5585521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High-density lipoprotein (HDL) comprises a heterogeneous group of particles differing in size, density, and composition. HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have long been suggested to indicate cardiovascular risk, inferred from multiple epidemiological studies. The failure of HDL-C targeted interventions and genetic studies has raised doubts on the atheroprotective role of HDL-C. The current consensus is that HDL-C is neither a biomarker nor a causative agent of cardiovascular disorders. With better understanding of the complex nature of HDL which comprises a large number of proteins and lipids with unique functions, recent focus has shifted from HDL quantity to HDL quality in terms of atheroprotective functions. The current research is focused on developing laboratory assays to assess HDL functions for cardiovascular risk prediction. Also, HDL mimetics designed based on the key determinants of HDL functions are being investigated to modify cardiovascular risk. Improving HDL functions by altering its composition is the key area of future research in HDL biology to reduce cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5585521"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8096543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38999576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Starvation on the Levels of Triglycerides, Diacylglycerol, and Activity of Lipase in Male and Female Drosophila Melanogaster.","authors":"Ved Chauhan,&nbsp;Asaba Anis,&nbsp;Abha Chauhan","doi":"10.1155/2021/5583114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We studied the effects of starvation on changes in neutral lipids in male and female <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (fruit fly) at different ages. When flies were subjected to starvation, the mortality rate was observed to be age- and gender-dependent: male flies died earlier as compared to female flies, and older flies died earlier than younger flies. There was an increase in the number of dead flies and the levels of diacylglycerol (DG) with starvation time. This increase in DG was observed much earlier in male flies as compared to female flies, which correlated with earlier death in male flies during starvation in comparison to female flies. We also analyzed the levels of triglycerides (TG) and lipase activity during starvation of flies. The levels of TG decreased depending upon the duration of starvation in both male and female flies. Interestingly, we observed that like DG, there was also an increase in lipase activity due to starvation, which also correlated with earlier death in male flies as compared to female flies. Our results suggest that increase in DG levels and lipase activity due to starvation may be the main cause of death in the flies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"5583114"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8018841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25574797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors Associated with Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms in Patients Attending a Specialized Regional Lipid Clinic.","authors":"M K Saeed,&nbsp;J Shah,&nbsp;R Damani,&nbsp;F Rahman,&nbsp;P Patel,&nbsp;P Gupta","doi":"10.1155/2021/8882706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8882706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) are the major side effects reported for statins. Data from previous studies suggest that 7-29% of patients on statin had associated muscle symptoms. In the UK, there is a lack of corresponding data on SAMS and factors associated with the development of SAMS.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This analysis is aimed at establishing the prevalence of SAMS and identifying major contributory risk factors in patients attending a lipid clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical records of 535 consecutive patients, who visited the lipid clinic in the University Hospitals of Leicester, were studied retrospectively between 2009 and 2012. SAMS were defined by the presence of muscle symptoms with two or more different statins. Patients who reported muscle symptoms to statin with one or no rechallenge were excluded. The association of SAMS with clinical characteristics such as age and BMI, sex, smoking, excess alcohol, comorbidities, and medications was tested for statistical significance. A binomial logistic regression model was applied to adjust for risk factors significantly associated with SAMS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of SAMS was found to be 11%. On unadjusted analysis, the mean age of patients who had SAMS was significantly higher than those without SAMS (59.4 ± 10.5 years vs. 50.3 ± 13.4 years, respectively, <i>P</i> < 0.001). Nonsmokers were more likely to develop SAMS in comparison to active smokers (<i>P</i> = 0.037). Patients taking antihypertensive medications were more likely to develop SAMS (<i>P</i> = 0.010). In binomial logistic regression analysis, only age was positively and significantly associated with SAMS after adjusting for other risk factors (<i>β</i> = 0.054, <i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this study is the largest cohort of patients with SAMS in the United Kingdom. Our data suggest that the prevalence of SAMS is 11% and increased age is a risk factor associated with the development of SAMS in our cohort of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8882706"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7997746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25536641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overconsumption of Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) versus Deficiency of Omega-3 PUFAs in Modern-Day Diets: The Disturbing Factor for Their \"Balanced Antagonistic Metabolic Functions\" in the Human Body.","authors":"Abeba Haile Mariamenatu, Emebet Mohammed Abdu","doi":"10.1155/2021/8848161","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2021/8848161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contain ≥2 double-bond desaturations within the acyl chain. Omega-3 (n-3) and Omega-6 (n-6) PUFAs are the two known important families in human health and nutrition. In both Omega families, many forms of PUFAs exist: <i>α</i>-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from the n-3 family and linoleic acid (LA), dihomo-<i>γ</i>-linolenic acid (DGLA), and arachidonic acid (AA) from the n-6 family are the important PUFAs for human health. Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs are competitively metabolized by the same set of desaturation, elongation, and oxygenase enzymes. The lipid mediators produced from their oxidative metabolism perform opposing (antagonistic) functions in the human body. Except for DGLA, n-6 PUFA-derived lipid mediators enhance inflammation, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction, while those of n-3 inhibit inflammation and platelet aggregation and enhance vasodilation. Overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs with low intake of n-3 PUFAs is highly associated with the pathogenesis of many modern diet-related chronic diseases. The volume of n-6 PUFAs is largely exceeding the volume of n-3PUFAs. The current n-6/n-3 ratio is 20-50/1. Due to higher ratios of n-6/n-3 in modern diets, larger quantities of LA- and AA-derived lipid mediators are produced, becoming the main causes of the formation of thrombus and atheroma, the allergic and inflammatory disorders, and the proliferation of cells, as well as the hyperactive endocannabinoid system. Therefore, in order to reduce all of these risks which are due to overconsumption of n-6 PUFAs, individuals are required to take both PUFAs in the highly recommended n-6/n-3 ratio which is 4-5/1.</p>","PeriodicalId":16274,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Lipids","volume":"2021 ","pages":"8848161"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2021-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7990530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25558801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}