Journal of Korean Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"Drawing Guideline for <i>JKMS</i> Manuscript (07) Baseline Table and Plots.","authors":"Jeehyoung Kim, Jung Soo Lee, Hyunsu Jang","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e295","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The appropriate plot effectively conveys the author's conclusions to the readers. <i>Journal of Korean Medical Science</i> will provide a series of special articles to show you how to make consistent and excellent results easier. In this article, we will cover baseline table and plots. The baseline table is a very popular and essential table introduced in almost all medical papers, but it takes a lot of time and effort to create it. We introduce a simple yet effective tool to make this easy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e295"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Fibrosis in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea.","authors":"Daehong Cho, Ganghee Chae, Joon-Sung Joh, Junghyun Kim, Tae Yun Park, Ae-Rin Baek, Won-Young Kim, Yangjin Jegal, Chi Ryang Chung, Jinwoo Lee, Joo Hun Park, Jae Wook Lee, Soyeoun Lim, Jin Woo Song","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e249","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e249","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary fibrosis can persist long after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, thereby reducing quality of life and lung function. We aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation (MV), a high-risk group for developing pulmonary fibrosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical data and chest computed tomography (CT) scans of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring MV were retrospectively collected from nine hospitals in South Korea. Fibrotic-like changes on chest CT were visually assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 125 patients with a mean age of 68.5 years, 60.8% men and 7.2% having underlying lung disease. Based on follow-up chest CT (the median interval, 38.0 days; interquartile range, 24.0-68.0 days), 94 (75.2%) patients exhibited fibrotic-like changes, with traction bronchiectasis and/or bronchiolectasis being the most common change (60.8%). Among all patients, 17.6% died during hospitalization and 71.2% experienced complications, including intubation-related airway injury (12.8%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (44.8%), lung injury (11.2%), and hemodynamic disturbance (33.4%). In-hospital mortality (16.1% vs. 18.1%) and complications (67.7% vs. 72.3%) were similar between patients with and without fibrotic-like changes. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, a higher daily steroid dose (odds ratio, 0.961; 95% confidence interval, 0.849-0.993; <i>P</i> = 0.018) was associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary fibrosis, along with a higher heart rate on intensive care unit admission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrated that in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia requiring MV, chest CT revealed fibrotic-like changes in approximately three-quarters of patients. In addition, our results suggest that higher daily doses of steroids may be associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary fibrosis. Further research is needed to determine the appropriate steroid dose that may reduce the progression of pulmonary fibrosis and improve clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0006312.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Cutaneous and Genital Warts in Organ and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.","authors":"Ju Hee Han, Hyunju Oh, Joon Ho Son, Yeong Ho Kim, Jin-Hyung Jung, Ji Hyun Lee, Young Min Park, Chul Hwan Bang","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e125","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solid organ transplantation and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are known risk factors for viral warts. However, large-scale studies on the association between transplantation and the risk of cutaneous and genital warts are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between transplantation and the risk of developing cutaneous and genital warts using a nationwide claims database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Claims Database. The incidence of cutaneous and genital warts in transplant recipients was compared to that in the control population using multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to assess the risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transplant recipients exhibited a significantly increased risk of cutaneous warts (aHR, 3.73; 95% CI, 3.49-3.98) and genital warts (aHR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29) compared to controls. The risk of cutaneous warts was elevated across all age groups, with the highest risk observed in individuals aged 20-39 years (aHR, 4.52; 95% CI, 3.92-5.22) and 40-59 years (aHR, 4.56; 95% CI, 4.14-5.02). In contrast, the risk of genital warts was highest in patients aged ≥ 60 years (aHR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.47-2.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates that transplantation is associated with an increased risk of both cutaneous and genital warts, with variations in risk based on age. These findings highlight the need for targeted surveillance and management strategies for wart prevention in transplant recipients.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e125"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of National Sample Cohort From Korea for Epidemiological and Prognostic Aspects of Parkinson's Disease According to Time of Onset.","authors":"Seung-Hwan Lee, JiEun Bae, Jae-Won Jang, Seung-Joon Lee, Young-Ju Kim","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e252","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Parkinson's disease (PD) affects adults of all ages, with prognostic aspects varying based on the age of onset. This study compared the prognostic aspects of early-onset PD (EOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD) in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed PD patients aged ≥ 20 years registered at the National Sample Cohort between 2002 and 2019. PD patients were categorized into EOPD and LOPD. Five randomly selected individuals without PD were included as controls. Epidemiological data were analyzed for the two groups. Medical and socioeconomic variables, including body mass index (BMI), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), smoking, and household income, were compared to controls to identify prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD incidence and prevalence per 100,000 significantly increased from 11.36 and 29.15 in 2003 to 26.10 and 174.52 in 2018, respectively. The proportion of EOPD among the PD patients decreased from 8.81% to 4.42%. LOPD patients had higher CCI scores than EOPD patients, and there were no significant changes in either group after 3 years from the index date. BMI significantly decreased in both LOPD and its control group 3 years after the index date. After the index date, smoking rate significantly decreased in LOPD and controls groups, but not in EOPD. EOPD patients exhibited significant differences in household income after 3 years from the index date.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PD incidence and prevalence gradually increased from 2003 to 2018, while the proportion of EOPD patients gradually decreased from a high value of 8.81%. For 3 years after PD diagnosis, EOPD and LOPD patients exhibited different comorbidities, smoking rate, and BMI patterns. EOPD patients were more vulnerable to negative economic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e252"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injection-Based Therapies for Migraine in Older Adults: A Narrative Review of OnabotulinumtoxinA, Greater Occipital Nerve Block, and Anti-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Monoclonal Antibodies.","authors":"Mi-Kyoung Kang, Soohyun Cho, Byung-Kun Kim, Heui-Soo Moon, Mi Ji Lee, Soo-Kyoung Kim, Hong-Kyun Park, Min-Kyung Chu, Woo-Seok Ha, Byung-Su Kim, Soo-Jin Cho","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e297","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As global populations age, the clinical approach to managing migraine must evolve. Migraine in older adults presents unique treatment challenges due to comorbidities, poor adherence to treatment, altered pharmacokinetics, and polypharmacy. Injection -based preventive treatments such as onabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A), greater occipital nerve blocks (GONB), and anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies (CGRP mAbs) offer promising alternatives. This narrative review highlights the underrepresentation of older adults in migraine clinical trials and summarizes the effectiveness and safety of BoNT-A, GONB, and CGRP mAbs in patients over 65 years of age. To identify relevant studies addressing migraine management in the older adults, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The search was limited from the past ten years, up to 5 April 2025. Studies were included if clinical trial, observational, real-world data, or review examined migraine treatment in adults over 65 years, with separate data according to age. A total of 22 studies were included: 4 on BoNT-A, 2 on GONB, 13 on anti-CGRP mAbs, and 3 reviews on injectable therapies. BoNT-A has shown significant benefits in reducing migraine frequency, acute medication use, and disability in real-world settings though randomized trials did not include older adults. GONB has demonstrated high response rates in older adults, although there was no separate analysis for patients over 65 years of age in randomized controlled trials. In contrast, CGRP mAbs have increasingly included in trials, with some trials enrolling patients up to 75 years. Subgroup analyses and real-world data support their comparable effectiveness and safety in older adults. BoNT-A, GONB and CGRP mAbs show effectiveness and are well tolerated for migraine prevention in older adults. Given the growing ageing population and their unique therapeutic needs, proactive migraine management in older migraine patients with injection-based and oral preventive is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e297"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Retracted Publications on Methotrexate.","authors":"Burhan Fatih Kocyigit, Kairat Zhakipbekov, Marlen Yessirkepov","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e243","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX) is a frequently used antifolate agent in rheumatology, oncology, and dermatology. Retractions are crucial for preserving scientific integrity by fixing the literature when errors, ethical violations, or data falsification are detected. This study seeks to comprehensively examine retracted MTX publications, detecting trends, reasons, and potential ramifications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed by searching PubMed for retracted MTX publications without temporal constraints. Bibliometric data were retrieved, encompassing publication details, journal indexing, citation metrics, and Altmetric Attention Scores (AAS). Reasons for retraction were categorized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six retracted papers were identified. The predominant cause for retraction encompassed data concerns (n = 15), fraudulent activity (n = 11), and manipulation of the peer review process (n = 10). China recorded the most retractions (n = 14), followed by the USA (n = 6) and Egypt (n = 3). The median period until retraction was 712 (91-9,893) days. Most retracted articles were published in non-rheumatology journals. Citation analysis showed a median of 5 (0-105) citations. Additionally, the median AAS was 1 (0-14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Data integrity concerns, fraudulent activities, and manipulation of peer review processes constitute major obstacles in MTX-related research. The considerable number of retractions in certain countries underscores the need to promote research ethics and measures to protect scientific integrity. Enhancing peer review, implementing more intense data transparency, and promoting post-publication evaluation are essential measures to protect scientific integrity and uphold confidence in clinical recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlating Urinary Tract Infection Risks With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors: Insights From the National Health Insurance Data of Korea.","authors":"Byeong Jo Jeon, You Jin Ko, Jae Young Park, Jae Hyun Bae, Bum Sik Tae","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e244","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), based on data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) in South Korea.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, population-based cohort study was conducted using NHIS data. As a part of a dual-therapy regimen, either SGLT2is or any other anti-diabetic agent, was administered in patients diagnosed with T2DM and under metformin therapy. The incidence of UTIs was measured and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to estimate the cumulative incidence of UTIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 27,128 patients, of whom 1,274 were treated with SGLT2is. The HR for the incidence of UTIs in SGLT2i users compared to the control group was 0.874 (95% CI, 0.585-1.309; <i>P</i> = 0.510), indicating no statistical significance in increase of UTI risk among SGLT2i users. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of UTIs between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this large population-based cohort study, the use of SGLT2is was not associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of UTIs. Although SGLT2i use is linked to increased glucose excretion in urine, this study indicates that the clinical impact on UTI risk is minimal. Overall, continuous monitoring and patient education regarding UTI symptoms remain to be important in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 38","pages":"e244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12480961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145191789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators of Deprescribing in Older Adults: Qualitative Study of Patients and Geriatrics Experts.","authors":"Sun-Wook Kim, Ji Yeon Baek, Mirinae Lee, Seul-Gi Han, Woo-Youn Kim, Dahye Kim, So Jin Park, Ji Eun Yun, Hee-Won Jung","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e164","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>South Korea is experiencing a rapid increase in the proportion of older adults, leading to a higher prevalence of multimorbidity and polypharmacy. Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use among older adults is a growing concern. This study explored the experiences and perceptions of older adults with polypharmacy and PIM and healthcare professionals regarding deprescribing, focusing on barriers, and facilitators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative study was conducted from May to August 2023. Participants included 24 older adults aged ≥ 65 years with polypharmacy (≥ 5 medications) and at least one PIM, recruited from tertiary hospitals in South Korea. In-depth interviews were conducted three months after a deprescribing intervention to assess perceptions, experiences, and intervention sustainability. Focus group interviews were also conducted with geriatric healthcare professionals to explore their perspectives on deprescribing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants reported visiting multiple healthcare institutions and receiving prescriptions for various conditions and symptoms, resulting in polypharmacy. They had low awareness of the potential harms of polypharmacy and PIMs. Factors influencing polypharmacy included multimorbidity, symptom relief, health beliefs, and healthcare system factors. Participants emphasized the need for raising public awareness, improving prescribing practices, and implementing a geriatric primary care system. Geriatrics experts highlighted the challenges of deprescribing within the current healthcare system and the lack of systematic support for medication management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Addressing barriers to deprescribing in South Korea requires a multifaceted approach, including public awareness campaigns, healthcare provider education, prescription sharing systems, and a geriatric primary care system. Long-term policies incentivizing appropriate medication use and supporting deprescribing interventions are necessary for sustainable medication management in older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 37","pages":"e164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453978/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shared Decision-Making in Korean Healthcare: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Yelim Kwon, Seungmin Nam, Soan Shin, Yoong Cho, Jihyun Yoon, Sang-Ho Yoo","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e273","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shared decision-making (SDM) is a collaborative process in which patients and healthcare professionals jointly make informed healthcare decisions. Although SDM is increasingly recognized as a core component of patient-centered care, no comprehensive synthesis has yet mapped SDM research in Korea. This scoping review aimed to examine the scope, key themes, and characteristics of SDM studies in Korean healthcare with a focus on conceptual frameworks, instruments, decision aids, and implementation contexts. Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines, we systematically searched nine electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and four Korea-specific databases: KoreaMed, RISS, KISS, and DBpia) for English- and Korean-language studies published until 2024. Eligible studies involved Korean populations and addressed SDM or patient participation in healthcare decision-making. Of the 9,177 records identified, 62 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies used quantitative designs (74.2%), followed by mixed-methods (14.5%), and qualitative (11.3%) approaches. Research has primarily focused on end-of-life care, oncology, and family medicine/primary care across hospital and community settings. Key themes included patient experiences, barriers and facilitators, providers' perspectives, and intervention outcomes. Although several studies have referenced conceptual models, their practical applications are limited. A few culturally tailored frameworks and measurement tools reflect efforts to adapt SDM to the Korean context. Several decision aids and educational interventions have been evaluated in clinical settings. The implementation and uptake of SDM are influenced by multilevel factors, including the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and policy domains. This review highlights a growing but thematically fragmented body of SDM research in Korea. Despite increasing interest, conceptual integration, validated instruments, and systematic implementation remain underdeveloped. To advance SDM practice and policy, culturally grounded frameworks, rigorously validated evaluation tools, and system-level support tailored to Korea's sociocultural and clinical contexts are essential. Findings from the Korean experience may provide valuable insights into advancing SDM efforts in culturally and structurally similar global settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 37","pages":"e273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowded Spaces, Contagious Risks: Comparing COVID-19 Incidence After Outdoor Concerts Among University Members and the Community, Republic of Korea, 2022.","authors":"Jisun Sung, Jong-Hun Kim","doi":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e239","DOIUrl":"10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A university festival, including outdoor concerts, was held from May 2 to 4, 2022, following the relaxation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions in Korea. This study aimed to assess its impact on COVID-19 cases among university members.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected daily COVID-19 case data from university and local government websites and conducted a causal impact analysis using a Bayesian structural time series model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a significant increase in cases following the event. From May 6 to 29, 2022, the university recorded an average of 5.8 daily cases (total: 138 cases). In the counterfactual scenario without the event, the estimated number of daily cases was 2.5 to 3.0 (total: 57.1 to 72.0 cases) based on three prediction models. The outdoor concerts were associated with an approximately twofold increase in COVID-19 cases among university members.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a declining trend in community cases, these findings underscore the potential risks of crowded outdoor gatherings in spreading COVID-19 and highlight the need for caution at such events.</p>","PeriodicalId":16249,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Medical Science","volume":"40 37","pages":"e239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453979/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145124873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}