Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Photoacoustic detection of circulating melanoma cells in late stage patients.","authors":"John A Viator,&nbsp;Marc Hazur,&nbsp;Andrea Sajewski,&nbsp;Ahmad Tarhini,&nbsp;Martin E Sanders,&nbsp;Robert H Edgar","doi":"10.1142/s1793545820500236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/s1793545820500236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanoma is the deadliest skin cancer and is responsible for over 7000 deaths in the US annually. The spread of cancer, or metastasis, is responsible for these deaths, as secondary tumors interrupt normal organ function. Circulating tumor cells, or those cells that spread throughout the body from the primary tumor, are thought to be responsible for metastasis. We developed an optical method, photoacoustic flow cytometry, in order to detect and enumerate circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) from blood samples of patients. We tested the blood of Stage IV melanoma patients to show the ability of the photoacoustic flow cytometer to detect these rare cells in blood. We then tested the system on archived blood samples from Stage III melanoma patients with known outcomes to determine if detection of CMCs can predict future metastasis. We detected between 0 and 66 CMCs in Stage IV patients. For the Stage III study, we found that of those samples with CMCs, 2 remained disease free and 5 developed metastasis. Of those without CMCs, 6 remained disease free and 1 developed metastasis. We believe that photoacoustic detection of CMCs provides valuable information for the prediction of metastasis and we postulate a system for more accurate prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8218985/pdf/nihms-1606057.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39099544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Video-rate multimodal multiphoton imaging and three-dimensional characterization of cellular dynamics in wounded skin.","authors":"Joanne Li, Madison N Wilson, Andrew J Bower, Marina Marjanovic, Eric J Chaney, Ronit Barkalifa, Stephen A Boppart","doi":"10.1142/s1793545820500078","DOIUrl":"10.1142/s1793545820500078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To date, numerous studies have been performed to elucidate the complex cellular dynamics in skin diseases, but few have attempted to characterize these cellular events under conditions similar to the native environment. To address this challenge, a three-dimensional (3D) multimodal analysis platform was developed for characterizing <i>in vivo</i> cellular dynamics in skin, which was then utilized to process <i>in vivo</i> wound healing data to demonstrate its applicability. Special attention is focused on <i>in vivo</i> biological parameters that are difficult to study with <i>ex vivo</i> analysis, including 3D cell tracking and techniques to connect biological information obtained from different imaging modalities. These results here open new possibilities for evaluating 3D cellular dynamics <i>in vivo</i>, and can potentially provide new tools for characterizing the skin microenvironment and pathologies in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/s1793545820500078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25367954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal intravascular imaging technology for characterization of atherosclerosis.","authors":"Yan Li, Jason Chen, Zhongping Chen","doi":"10.1142/s1793545820300013","DOIUrl":"10.1142/s1793545820300013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early detection of vulnerable plaques is the critical step in the prevention of acute coronary events. Morphology, composition, and mechanical property of a coronary artery have been demonstrated to be the key characteristics for the identification of vulnerable plaques. Several intravascular multimodal imaging technologies providing co-registered simultaneous images have been developed and applied in clinical studies to improve the characterization of atherosclerosis. In this paper, the authors review the present system and probe designs of representative intravascular multimodal techniques. In addition, the scientific innovations, potential limitations, and future directions of these technologies are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7164814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37851334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy muscle oximetry of patients with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.","authors":"Parvathi Kadamati, Jeffrey J Sugar, Brendan J Quirk, Shima Mehrvar, Gisela G Chelimsky, Harry T Whelan, Thomas C Chelimsky, Mahsa Ranji","doi":"10.1142/S1793545818500268","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S1793545818500268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a disabling condition characterized by orthostatic intolerance with tachycardia in the absence of drop-in blood pressure. A custom-built near-infrared spectroscopy device (NIRS) is applied to monitor the muscle oxygenation, noninvasively in patients undergoing incremental head-up tilt table (HUT). Subjects (6 POTS patients and 6 healthy controls) underwent 30 mins of 70°on a HUT. The results showed a significant difference in deoxyhemoglobin (Hb), change-in-oxygenation (ΔOxy) and blood volume (ΔBV) between patients and healthy controls. However, oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂) showed a significantly faster rate of change in the healthy controls during the first 10 mins of the tilt and during the recovery. This NIRS muscle oximetry tool provides quantitative measurements of blood oxygenation monitoring in diseases such as POTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"11 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6124683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36475813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative optical measurement of mitochondrial superoxide dynamics in pulmonary artery endothelial cells.","authors":"Zahra Ghanian,&nbsp;Girija Ganesh Konduri,&nbsp;Said Halim Audi,&nbsp;Amadou K S Camara,&nbsp;Mahsa Ranji","doi":"10.1142/S1793545817500183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545817500183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a vital role in cell signaling and redox regulation, but when present in excess, lead to numerous pathologies. Detailed quantitative characterization of mitochondrial superoxide anion ( <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> ) production in fetal pulmonary artery endothelia cells (PAECs) has never been reported. The aim of this study is to assess mitochondrial <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> production in cultured PAECs over time using a novel quantitative optical approach. The rate, the sources, and the dynamics of <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> production were assessed using targeted metabolic modulators of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complexes, specifically an uncoupler and inhibitors of the various ETC complexes, and inhibitors of extra-mitochondrial sources of <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> . After stabilization, the cells were loaded with nanomolar mitochondrial-targeted hydroethidine (Mito-HE, MitoSOX) online during the experiment without washout of the residual dye. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy was used to monitor the dynamic changes in <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> fluorescence intensity over time in PAECs. The transient behaviors of the fluorescence time course showed exponential increases in the rate of <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> production in the presence of the ETC uncoupler or inhibitors. The most dramatic and the fastest increase in <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> production was observed when the cells were treated with the uncoupling agent, PCP. We also showed that only the complex IV inhibitor, KCN, attenuated the marked surge in <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> production induced by PCP. The results showed that mitochondrial respiratory complexes I, III and IV are sources of <math><mrow><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>•</mo><mo>-</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math> production in PAECs, and a new observation that ROS production during uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration is mediated in part via complex IV. This novel method can be applied in other studies that examine ROS production under stress condition and during ROS-mediated injuries <i>in vitro</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793545817500183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36411159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Characterization of corneal deformation using ultrasound speckle tracking.","authors":"Keyton Clayson,&nbsp;Elias Pavlatos,&nbsp;Yanhui Ma,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1142/S1793545817420056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545817420056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The three-dimensional (3D) mechanical response of the cornea to intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation has not been previously reported. In this study, we use an ultrasound speckle tracking technique to measure the 3D displacements and strains within the central 5.5 mm of porcine corneas during the whole globe inflation. Inflation tests were performed on dextran-treated corneas (treated with a 10% dextran solution) and untreated corneas. The dextran-treated corneas showed an inflation response expected of a thin spherical shell, with through-thickness thinning and in-plane stretch, although the strain magnitudes exhibited a heterogeneous spatial distribution from the central to more peripheral cornea. The untreated eyes demonstrated a response consistent with swelling during experimentation, with through-thickness expansion overriding the inflation response. The average volume ratios obtained in both groups was near 1 confirming general incompressibility, but local regions of volume loss or expansion were observed. These results suggest that biomechanical measurements in 3D provide important new insight to understand the mechanical response of ocular tissues such as the cornea.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793545817420056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35792564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscoelasticity of amyloid plaques in transgenic mouse brain studied by Brillouin microspectroscopy and correlative Raman analysis.","authors":"Sara Mattana, Silvia Caponi, Francesco Tamagnini, Daniele Fioretto, Francesca Palombo","doi":"10.1142/S1793545817420019","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S1793545817420019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Amyloidopathy is one of the most prominent hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia worldwide, and is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain parenchyma. The plaques consist of abnormal deposits mainly composed of an aggregation-prone protein fragment, <i>β</i>-amyloid 1-40/1-42, into the extracellular matrix. Brillouin microspectroscopy is an all-optical contactless technique that is based on the interaction between visible light and longitudinal acoustic waves or <i>phonons</i>, giving access to the viscoelasticity of a sample on a subcellular scale. Here, we describe the first application of micromechanical mapping based on Brillouin scattering spectroscopy to probe the stiffness of individual amyloid plaques in the hippocampal part of the brain of a <i>β</i>-amyloid overexpressing transgenic mouse. Correlative analysis based on Brillouin and Raman microspectroscopy showed that amyloid plaques have a complex structure with a rigid core of <i>β</i>-pleated sheet conformation (<i>β</i>-amyloid) protein surrounded by a softer ring-shaped region richer in lipids and other protein conformations. These preliminary results give a new insight into the plaque biophysics and biomechanics, and a valuable contrast mechanism for the study and diagnosis of amyloidopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5687568/pdf/emss-74607.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35261389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pneumatic compression therapy on lymph movement in lymphedema-affected extremities, as assessed by near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging.","authors":"Melissa B Aldrich, Deborah Gross, John Rodney Morrow, Caroline E Fife, John C Rasmussen","doi":"10.1142/S1793545816500498","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S1793545816500498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have shown cost effectiveness and quality-of-life benefit of pneumatic compression therapy (PCT) for lymphedema. Insurers, such as the Centers for Medicare/Medicaid (CMS), however, desire visual proof that PCT moves lymph. Near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging (NIRFLI) was used to visualize lymphatic anatomy and function in four subjects with primary and cancer treatment-related lymphedema (LE) of the lower extremities before, during, and after pneumatic compression therapy (PCT). Optically transparent and windowed PCT garments allowed visualization of lymph movement during single, one-hour PCT treatment sessions. Visualization revealed significant extravascular and lymphatic vascular movement of intradermally injected dye in all subjects. In one subject with sufficient patent lymphatic vessels to allow quantification of lymph pumping velocities and frequencies, these values were significantly increased during and after PCT as compared to pre-treatment values. Lymphatic contractile activity in patent lymphatic vessels occurred in concert with the sequential cycling of PCT. Direct visualization revealed increased lymphatic function, during and after PCT therapy, in all lymphedema-affected extremities. Further studies are warranted to assess the effects of PCT pressure and sequences on lymph uptake and movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"10 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5665410/pdf/nihms845284.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35225054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-ligand effect on radiosensitization of ultrasmall luminescent gold nanoparticles.","authors":"Xingya Jiang,&nbsp;Bujie Du,&nbsp;Mengxiao Yu,&nbsp;Xun Jia,&nbsp;Jie Zheng","doi":"10.1142/S1793545816420037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545816420037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) could serve as potential radiotherapy sensitizers because of their exceptional biocompatibility and high-Z material nature; however, since <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> behaviors of AuNPs are determined not only by their particle size but also by their surface chemistries, whether surface ligands can affect their radiosensitization has seldom been investigated in the radiosensitization of AuNPs. By conducting head-to-head comparison on radiosensitization of two kinds of ultrasmall (~2 nm) near-infrared (NIR) emitting AuNPs that are coated with zwitterionic glutathione and neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands, respectively, we found that zwitterionic glutathione coated AuNPs (GS-AuNPs) can reduce survival rates of MCF-7 cells under irradiation of clinically used megavoltage photon beam at low dosage of ~2.25 Gy. On the other hand, PEG-AuNPs can serve as a radiation-protecting agent and enabled MCF-7 cells more resistant to the irradiation, clearly indicating the key role of surface chemistry in radiosensitization of AuNPs. More detailed studies suggested that such difference was independent of cellular uptake and its efficiency, but might be related to the ligand-induced difference in photoelectron generation and/or interactions between AuNPs and X-ray triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"9 4","pages":"16420031-16420038"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793545816420037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35452970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic mapping of choroidal thickness in myopic eyes using 1050-nm spectral domain optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Qinqin Zhang,&nbsp;Maureen Neitz,&nbsp;Jay Neitz,&nbsp;Ruikang K Wang","doi":"10.1142/S1793545815500121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793545815500121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To provide a geographical map of choroidal thickness (CT) around the macular region among subjects with low, moderate and high myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>20 myopic subjects (<i>n</i> = 40 eyes) without other identified pathologies participated in this study: 20 eyes of ≤ 3 diopters (D) (low myopic), 10 eyes between -3 and -6D (moderate myopic), and 10 eyes of ≥ 6D (high myopic). The mean age of subjects was 30.2 years (± 7.6 years; range, 24 to 46 years). A 1050 nm spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system, operating at 120 kHz imaging rate, was used in this study to simultaneously capture 3D anatomical images of the choroid and measure intraocular length (IOL) in the subject. The 3D OCT images of the choroid were segmented into superior, inferior, nasal and temporal quadrants, from which the CT was measured, representing radial distance between the outer retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and inner scleral border. Measurements were made within concentric regions centered at fovea centralis, extended to 5 mm away from fovea at 1 mm intervals in the nasal and temporal directions. The measured IOL was the distance from the anterior cornea surface to the RPE in alignment along the optical axis of the eye. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate CT at each geographic region and observe the relationship between CT and the degree of myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For low myopic eyes, the IOL was measured at 24.619 ± 0.016 mm. The CT (273.85 ± 49.01 µm) was greatest under fovea as is in the case of healthy eyes. Peripheral to the fovea, the mean CT decreased rapidly along the nasal direction, reaching a minimum of 180.65 ± 58.25 µm at 5 mm away from the fovea. There was less of a change in thickness from the fovea in the temporal direction reaching a minimum of 234.25 ± 42.27 µm. In contrast to the low myopic eyes, for moderate and high myopic eyes, CTs were thickest in temporal region (where CT = 194.94 ± 27.28 and 163 ± 34.89 µm, respectively). Like the low myopic eyes, moderate and high myopic eyes had thinnest CTs in the nasal region (where CT = 100.84 ± 16.75 and 86.64 ± 42.6 µm, respectively). High myopic eyes had the longest mean IOL (25.983 ± 0.021 mm), while the IOL of moderate myopia was 25.413 ± 0.022 mm (**<i>p</i> < 0.001). The CT reduction rate was calculated at 31.28 µm/D (diopter) from low to moderate myopia, whilst it is 13.49 µm/D from moderate to high myopia. The similar tendency was found for the IOL reduction rate in our study: 0.265 mm/D from low to moderate myopia, and 0.137 mm/D from moderate to high myopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CT decreases and the IOL increases gradually with the increase of myopic condition. The current results support the theory that choroidal abnormality may play an important role in the pathogenesis of myopic degeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":16248,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences","volume":"8 4","pages":"1550012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1142/S1793545815500121","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33983509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}