Science Progress and Research最新文献

{"title":"The review on the smallholder Farmers’ Food security and Conflict in Ethiopia","authors":"Chayot Gatdet","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.122","url":null,"abstract":"The growing food insecurity in Ethiopia is exceedingly associated with the prevalence of conflict. Thus, the main aim of this paper was to review food security in the context of conflict in Ethiopia. The data of the paper were collected using an intensive literature review of the relevant documents. In the paper, conflict is the cause and the result of food insecurity. Hence, the predominance of conflict, periodic drought, deficiency of infrastructure amenities, human population pressure and traditional farming were the main causes of food insecurity in Ethiopia. More than the rests, the prevalence of conflict affects food security severely. It disrupts food production, reduces the nutrition status, retards access to food and increases the population displacement in the country. Therefore, addressing the situation of food insecurity and conflict requires the involvement of all Ethiopian communities, civil society organizations, governmental organizations and NGOs by increasing the non-farm activities, promoting family-based economics, strengthening the irrigation practice and improving the conflict management techniques.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125385492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Printing Process: A review of recent research","authors":"Imran Siraj, Pushpendra S. Bharti","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.125","url":null,"abstract":"3D Printing (3DP) is an umbrella term that covers manufacturing technologies and processes that offer a wide spectrum of producing components and parts of a variety of materials. 3DP is bound to revolutionize design, breaking barriers of geopolitical terrains, economic tendencies, and social status of nations. With the inception of new technologies and processes, it becomes a challenging task for the researchers to investigate the effect of process parameters on performance measures (quality and functionality) and their best combination that yields desired results, in terms of quality characteristics. Researchers have established a relationship between process parameters and performance measures and also suggested a suitable combination of input parameters that yield desired results. In this paper, an attempt has been made to present an overview of the recent research that identified the importance of process parameters, their effect, and optimization.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129784492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of High Dose Rate Brachytherapy in Cancer Treatment","authors":"Amir Shahabaz, M. Afzal","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.121","url":null,"abstract":"A technique of radiation therapy delivery in which the radioactive sources are placed very close or even inside the target volume is called Brachytherapy (BT). Brachytherapy is a type of radiation therapy. It destroys cancer cells by making it hard for them to multiply. In this technique, a radiation source is placed directly into or near a tumour. High dose-rate brachytherapy is also known as HDR brachytherapy, or temporary brachytherapy. It is a type of internal radiotherapy. HDR was developed to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence while shortening the amount of time it takes to get radiation treatment. HDR also limits the dose of radiation (associated side effects) to surrounding normal tissue. The important benefits of HDR brachytherapy include extremely precise radiation therapy delivered internally, used alone or after surgery to help prevent cancer recurrence, convenient treatments that are usually pain-free, and a reduction in the risk of common short- and long-term side effects. Currently, tumour dose, as well as doses of the surrounding normal structures, can be evaluated accurately, and high-dose-rate brachytherapy enables three-dimensional image guidance. The biological disadvantages of high-dose-rate were overcome by fractional irradiation. In the definitive radiation therapy of cervical cancer, high-dose-rate brachytherapy is most necessary. Most patients feel little discomfort during brachytherapy. There is no residual radioactivity when the treatment is completed. A patient may be able to go home shortly after the procedure, resuming his normal activities with few restrictions. An advantage of brachytherapy is to deliver a high dose to the tumour during treatment and save the surrounding normal tissues. High-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy has great promise with respect to proper case selection and delivery technique because it eliminates radiation exposure, can be performed on an outpatient basis and allows short treatment times. Additionally, by varying the dwell time at each dwell position, the use of a single-stepping source allows optimization of dose distribution. As the short treatment times do not allow any time for correction of errors, and mistakes can result in harm to patients, so the treatments must be executed carefully by using HDR brachytherapy. Refinements will occur primarily in the integration of imaging (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, intraoperative ultrasonography) and optimization of dose distribution and it is expected that the use of HDR brachytherapy will greatly expand over the next decade. Various factors in the development of well-controlled randomized trials addressing issues of efficacy, quality of life, toxicity and costs-versus-benefits will ultimately define the role of HDR brachytherapy in the therapeutic armamentarium. Surrounding healthy tissues are not affected by the radiation due to the ability to target radiation therapy at high dose rates directly to the tumour. Treatment t","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116236088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of the First COVID-19 Case in Kosovo and Management of the Pandemic","authors":"Gazmend Bojaj, Riaz Agahi, I. Hoxha","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.118","url":null,"abstract":"In the view of the first anniversary of COVID-19, this article focuses on the first COVID-19 case in Kosovo, a 22-year-old woman who came from abroad. COVID-19 has become a major threat to the health of the youngest population in Europe. We also considered the efficacy of restrictive measures, such as lockdowns, in Kosovo.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120966744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in Spirituality And Subjective Well-being Among Working Couples in Indian Society","authors":"Raksha Singh, A. Bahadur","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.124","url":null,"abstract":"Every human being is seeking bliss and pleasure in his own experiences and understanding. Spirituality involves exploring certain universal themes – love, compassion, altruism, life after death, wisdom and truth, with the knowledge that some people such as saints or enlightened individuals have achieved and manifested higher levels of development than the ordinary person. Perception of Happiness and Satisfaction with life varies from person to person. So goes with the extent to which a person believes or feels that her /his life is going well. The current study aimed to examine the gender differences in spirituality and subjective well-being among working couples between 25 to 45 years of the age range (working men =50 and working women =50). The total sample consisted of 100 working couples. The Subjective Well-being Scale developed by Ed. Diener and Spirituality scale developed by S.S Haidari was used for the collection of data. Exploratory analyses and t-test of variables across gender and marriage categories were carried out. Correlation analyses were carried out in order to have a better understanding of the relationship among variable. Results indicated that there is a non-significant difference between working males and working females subjective wellbeing and working females are comparatively more spiritual and satisfied with life than their working male spouse.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128620244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation to determine the efficacy of conventional radiography, digital radiography and ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of periapical lesions","authors":"Rajesh K. Gupta, Preety Gupta, Shivani Gupta, Sumit J Garg","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.126","url":null,"abstract":"In recent time several imaging modalities have been implicated for diagnosing periapical lesion. The present study is carried out to determine and compare the nature and extent of periapical lesions using conventional radiography, digital radiography and ultrasound imaging and to confirm the diagnosis with histopathological examination. Thirty patients aged between 15 and 45 years with well-defined periapical radiolucency associated with anterior maxillary or mandibular teeth requiring endodontic surgery or extraction were selected. The pre-operative intraoral periapical radiographs and digital images and were diagnosed by three observers. Ultrasound examination was performed and the images were assessed by an ultrasonographer. The periapical tissues were obtained to enable histopathological investigation. The data was statistically analysed using the kappa procedure, Kruskal Wallis Anova & Mann-Whitney U test. Results showed that the percentage accuracy of diagnosing periapical lesions using conventional radiography, digital radiography and ultrasound was – 86.67%, 93.33% & 93.33% respectively. Thus, we conclude that ultrasound helps in distinguishing between periapical granuloma and cyst which is of importance in predicting the treatment outcome. So, ultrasound can be used as an adjunct to conventional or digital radiography in diagnosing periapical lesions.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116358490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nordox 75 WG on the Health Quality of Tomatoes","authors":"Mohammed-Kamil Abukari Piegu, Fuseini Juuna Yakubu, TheophilusYao Kudese, Paul Amponsah Fokuoh","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.123","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato fruit ripening is a purely natural process but it can also be influenced by several artificial means such as using Nordox 75 WG. In recent times, artificial tomato ripening has been an issue because of its health implications. To get a detailed understanding of the hazards, tomatoes treated with the chemical and those that did not undergo any chemical treatment were harvested and analyzed. On analysis, different compounds were found to be associated with tomatoes treated with Nordox 75 WG. The main objective of the paper was to identify the components of the chemical. Untreated Nordox 75 WG tomatoes recorded a 0g/L Cu2+ and K recorded the highest value of 0.23 mg/g. Tomatoes treated with Nordox 75 WG recorded 0.76 g/L Cu2+ and Ca2+with a least value of 0.003 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128667639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usage of social media Twitter in the Intervention of Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Medit Leonard, Bethzy Williams","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.119","url":null,"abstract":"Social networking sites have been a common forum for exchanging health-related insights and information. This study aims to look at Twitter use in the intervention of diabetes. Specifically, utilising a prior analysis as a reference, we use a revised approach to analyse trends in the existing use of hash-tags, trending hash-tags, and the incidence of diabetes-related tweets. Our findings indicate that the diabetes population on Twitter has grown significantly over time, as well as proof that this community is becoming more capable of spreading diabetes-related health information. An enhanced system for storing, cleaning, and reviewing Twitter data relevant to diabetes, as well as the use of regular expressions to categorise subsets of tweets, are among our computational contributions. To recognise tweets from diabetic patients, we built a model focused on word embedding and long short- term memory.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124630476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic Assessment of Retroverted Gravid Uterus and First Trimester Pregnancy loss of women in a semi-urban area of Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"S. N. Shadia, S. Kundu, Md. Delwar Hossain","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.120","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrasonography is a safe and effective method of diagnosing early pregnancy and determining the position of the gravid uterus. In our study, 2080 pregnant women with amenorrhea for three months and a positive pregnancy test were chosen. The study was conducted in the Radiology & Imaging department of Failaria & General Hospital from Jan 2016 to Dec 2019. Descriptive statistics were used to compute percentages and averages. Results were presented in tables and charts and expressed as percentages/proportions, means and average. The objective of our study is to investigate the Sonographic findings of first trimester pregnancies detecting the retroverted gravid uterus, normal, abnormal and complicated pregnancies. In the present study out of 2080 pregnancies, we found uterus retroverted in about 7% of women and only one case of acute retention of urine due to retroverted gravid uterus. Here, the majority of pregnant women were 20-24 years of age, which is 980 (47.12%) and 150 (7.21%) women pregnant at the age of over 35 years. In our study, 190 (9.13%) of the 2080 pregnancies with sonographic diagnosis were fetal losses. The diagnosis of early normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) was 1890 (90.87%), Incomplete abortion 95 (4.57%), Missed abortion 35 (1.68%), Blighted ovum 39 (1.88%), ectopic pregnancy 14 (0.67%) and Hydatiform mole 7 (0.34%) cases. If urinary retention due to retroverted gravid uterus, abnormal and complicated pregnancies are diagnosed early and treated properly, it can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127848957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To evaluate the effect of Yoga intervention in reducing dental students’ anxiety prior to and during a periodontic surgical procedure","authors":"Rajesh K. Gupta, Preety Gupta, Shivani Gupta, S. Garg","doi":"10.52152/spr/2021.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52152/spr/2021.127","url":null,"abstract":"Dental students experience a lot of stress, which increases when they perform their first surgical procedure. Yoga has been used for centuries in India as an anxiolytic tool for anxiety reduction. To assess the efficacy of yoga in reducing the state of trait anxiety of dental students before their first periodontal surgery performance. A randomized controlled study using a two-way split plot design (pre-post-test) was conducted. One hundred clinical dental students who were ready to perform their first periodontal surgery were selected. Students were randomly assigned to two groups and were given a 60-min session on stress reduction. Group A, the yogic intervention group, were instructed to do yoga and their performances were monitored for a period of one week and Group B, the control group, were given a lecture on stress reduction without any yoga instructions. The investigator, who was unaware of the groups, had taken the state trait anxiety score of the students three times, a) before assigning them to each group, b) prior to the surgical procedure and c) immediately after the performance of the surgery. Statistical analyses of variance (ANOVA) by SPSS V.16 were used. The statistical results showed a significant reduction in the VAS and state trait anxiety of Group A compared to Group B (ANOVA; P< 0.001). This study concludes that yogic breathing has a significant effect on reducing the trait anxiety levels of dental students.","PeriodicalId":162349,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress and Research","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124791492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}