Journal of Medical Biography最新文献_第7页

Alexander Blackrie's proposed comparison of two treatments for the 'gravel and stone' (1763): A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial? 亚历山大·布莱克里（Alexander Blackrie）提出的“砾石和石头”两种处理方法的比较（1763）：一项随机对照非劣效性试验？

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1177/09677720251392411

Max Cooper, Sarah Cooper

{"title":"Alexander Blackrie's proposed comparison of two treatments for the 'gravel and stone' (1763): A randomised controlled non-inferiority trial?","authors":"Max Cooper, Sarah Cooper","doi":"10.1177/09677720251392411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09677720251392411","url":null,"abstract":"Alexander Blackrie (bap. 1702, d. 1772) was a Scottish Surgeon-Apothecary who attended Aberdeen's grammar school and Marischal College. He served as surgeon-general in India and practised at Bromley, Kent, England. In later life, he suffered from the 'gravel and stone' i.e., urological stones. This triggered an enquiry into the lucrative medication of Dr Chittick of Bath. Blackrie deduced it to be nothing more than soap-lye (Sodium hydroxide) and went on to formulate his own version ('Blackrie's lixivium'). Blackrie undertook comparative experiments on the efficacy of these two products at dissolving equally-sized fragments of the same urinary stone. In 1763, he published his proposal to compare the two products in patients. This called for: selection of patients 'afflicted in the same degree', randomisation by 'dividing them equally by lot', the 'experiment' to be 'repeated' and the number of participations to be 'large'. Although never implemented, Blackrie's proposal is an early model of a randomised controlled trial and may be the first description of a non-inferiority trial. His use of the term 'decisive' experiment and reference to James Jurin FRS may offer a link with Hauksbee the Younger's 1743 proposed 'experimentum crucis'. Blackrie's contribution to the development of fair comparisons of treatments deserves greater recognition.","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"9677720251392411"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145458998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The life and work of Judson T. Chesterman, pioneering cardiac surgeon. 心脏外科先驱贾德森-切斯特曼（Judson T. Chesterman）的生平事迹。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241287972

William A E Parker

引用次数: 0

A quest of Vera M. Danchakoff, a pioneer of stem cell research. 干细胞研究先驱维拉-丹恰科夫（Vera M. Danchakoff）的探索之旅。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241285499

Alexey Zubritskiy, Ingrida Balnyte, Tyson A Fricke, Igor E Konstantinov

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Ishāq bin Ali al-Ruhawi, a pioneer in medical professionalism in the 9th century AD. 伊沙克-本-阿里-鲁哈维（Ishāq bin Ali al-Ruhawi），公元 9 世纪医学专业的先驱。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241286589

Sobhan Ghezloo, Mohamad Reza Bayatiani, Mehrdad Karimi

{"title":"Ishāq bin Ali al-Ruhawi, a pioneer in medical professionalism in the 9th century AD.","authors":"Sobhan Ghezloo, Mohamad Reza Bayatiani, Mehrdad Karimi","doi":"10.1177/09677720241286589","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720241286589","url":null,"abstract":"Professionalism and medical ethics, while similar, are often viewed in different contexts. An historical and social science analysis reveals that professionalism is a complex skill that can be developed over time. The key components of professionalism, as defined by the American Physical Therapy Association, include accountability, altruism, compassion, excellence, integrity, professional duty, and social responsibility. Throughout history, physicians have been concerned with medical ethics and professionalism. In the Golden Age of Islam, principles such as excellence, honour, integrity, accountability, and duty were important in shaping the professional behavior of physicians. Adab al-Tabib, an ancient work, by Ishāq bin Ali al-Ruhawi focuses on ethical guidelines and teachings related to medical ethics in the Islamic civilization. Many of the ethical issues in this book are of foremost importance as components of professionalism. However while the examples of medical ethics guidelines that pre-existed Adab al-Tabib such as the Hippocratic Oath, are not mentioned. As one of the first statutes of medical ethics in Islamic civilization, Ruhawi is a model for many doctors in the Golden Age of Islam, and over the years his principles have greatly influenced the professional view of physicians.","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"310-316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of Leiden-educated Niels Stensen (Nicolas Steno) on the advancement of medical knowledge and practices. 莱顿教育的尼尔斯·斯坦森（尼古拉斯·斯坦诺）对医学知识和实践的进步的影响。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/09677720251376127

Jan Cm de Coo, Pancras Cw Hogendoorn

{"title":"The impact of Leiden-educated Niels Stensen (Nicolas Steno) on the advancement of medical knowledge and practices.","authors":"Jan Cm de Coo, Pancras Cw Hogendoorn","doi":"10.1177/09677720251376127","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720251376127","url":null,"abstract":"Danish polymath Niels Stensen journeyed to the Dutch Republic (1660) to further his medical studies. While staying with Blasius in Amsterdam, he made an important discovery in the anatomy of the parotid duct: the ductus Stenonianus. Blasius later took credit, leading to a dispute won by Stensen. Realising he could learn little in Amsterdam, Stensen moved to Leiden University (July 1660). Here, he studied under renowned professors Sylvius and van Horne and became friends with talented fellow students Swammerdam, Ruysch, and de Graaf, who significantly contributed to anatomy and reproductive medicine. Stensen discovered various anatomical and physiological aspects, leading to his doctorate from Leiden. Here, he met Spinoza and maintained correspondence with him. Stensen left Leiden (1664), spending time in Paris, and moved to Florence (1666), joining the Accademia del Cimento. His interests expanded from anatomy to geology; he converted to Catholicism (1667), was ordained as a priest (1675) and became bishop. His ecclesiastical duties took him to Germany, where he lived a life of asceticism, dying in 1686. His remains were moved to Florence and buried in the Basilica of San Lorenzo. Stensen's journey reflects a commitment to knowledge and spirituality, making him a figure of intellectual and religious significance.","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"355-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12602730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145075438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Albert Sharman (1903-1970): Gynaecologist, inventor and teacher. 阿尔伯特-沙曼（1903-1970 年）：妇科医生、发明家和教师。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241240263

Kenneth Collins

引用次数: 0

Contrasting versions of Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, in Edinburgh in the early 19th century. 19世纪早期爱丁堡的医疗警察（公共卫生的前身）的不同版本。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241298626

Ken Donaldson

{"title":"Contrasting versions of Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, in Edinburgh in the early 19th century.","authors":"Ken Donaldson","doi":"10.1177/09677720241298626","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720241298626","url":null,"abstract":"Andrew Duncan Senior and John Roberton were medical figures who wrote about Medical Police, the forerunner of Public Health, at the turn of the 18th century in Edinburgh. Duncan was an establishment figure, already a Professor at Edinburgh University Medical School when he began a series of lectures on the legal context of medicine, the first of its kind in the UK. Roberton was a less conventional person whose medical qualifications were dubious but who wrote a textbook on Medial Police, the first in the English language. Both were influenced by the German Johann Frank, but developed very different models of Medical Police. Duncan's form depended on education and reflected social attitudes in post-enlightenment Scotland while Roberton was a committed miasmatist and championed an interventional, sanitarian approach. This approach was imaginative, employing an army of medical officers to enforce the policy funded by extra taxes, but this proved too interventional for 19th century Scotland, Roberton left Edinburgh and went to London and never again published on the topic of Medical Police or lectured on the topic. By contrast, Duncan's influence continued through the Chair of Medical Police and Medical Jurisprudence at the University of Edinburgh that he initiated and championed.","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"349-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First Indian woman to practise Western medicine in India. 第一位在印度执业西医的印度妇女。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1177/09677720251378045

Henry Connor

引用次数: 0

Moritz Nagel (1808-1871): A faceless name in the history of the adrenal glands. 莫里茨-纳格尔（1808-1871 年）：肾上腺研究史上一个默默无闻的名字。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-22 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241278984

Ernesto Damiani

{"title":"Moritz Nagel (1808-1871): A faceless name in the history of the adrenal glands.","authors":"Ernesto Damiani","doi":"10.1177/09677720241278984","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720241278984","url":null,"abstract":"In 1836, an article was published in which the terms Rindensubstanz (cortical substance) and Marksubstanz (medullary substance) were introduced for the first time with reference to the adrenal glands. The author was indicated as 'Dr Nagel', without any further specification. Modern scientific literature often identifies the author's name as 'N. Nagel', without citing any primary source. Here, Nagel is positively identified as Moritz Nagel (1808-1871), a student of the German physiologist and anatomist Johannes Peter Müller (1801-1858), who graduated in Medicine at the University of Berlin in 1834. The 1836 article represented the German version of Nagel's Latin dissertation. Nagel later left Müller to devote himself to obstetrics and gynaecology. Although current literature attributes to Nagel the merit for introducing the terms 'cortical' and 'medullary', based on the testimony of Nagel himself and that of Jakob Henle (1809-1885), I conclude that Nagel described and illustrated results previously anticipated by Müller in 1832. Yet, considering that Nagel's description was the first in print, that he published following his own work carried out under Müller's supervision and apparently with Müller's blessing, I believe it is fair to conclude that the credit for the discovery should be justifiably attributed jointly to Müller and Nagel.","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"338-348"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dr. Russell Davies (1914-1991): Pioneer of theatre recovery and of anaesthetics in Yugoslavia. 罗素-戴维斯博士（1914-1991 年）：剧场恢复和南斯拉夫麻醉学的先驱。

IF 0.4 4区哲学

Journal of Medical Biography Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/09677720241230687

Holly Elizabeth Webster, Maxwell John Cooper

{"title":"Dr. Russell Davies (1914-1991): Pioneer of theatre recovery and of anaesthetics in Yugoslavia.","authors":"Holly Elizabeth Webster, Maxwell John Cooper","doi":"10.1177/09677720241230687","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09677720241230687","url":null,"abstract":"Dr. Russell Davies is a largely forgotten pioneer of both post-operative theatre recovery but also a key figure in the establishment of anaesthetics services in Yugoslavia in the late 1940s. Davies spent the majority of his career working as an anaesthetist at Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, Sussex, England, later being promoted to the head anaesthetist role. Davies set up one of the first recovery wards in the United Kingdom at Queen Victoria Hospital, the ward being named after him in 1989. Here he became a founding member of the Guinea Pig Club, alongside Dr. Archibald McIndoe. The Guinea Pig Club was founded in 1941 to support airmen in the Second World War undergoing plastic surgery at Queen Victoria Hospital. Davies was crucial to the pastoral care of the Club, providing clinical care and guiding members over access to pensions they would have previously been denied. Little is recognised of Davies's achievement of establishing anaesthetics services in Yugoslavia. Davies and his contributions have been largely overlooked. Davies should be considered one of the foremost British anaesthetists of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":16217,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Biography","volume":" ","pages":"275-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12602713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140094206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0