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Fullerene Journal of Chemistry最新文献

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Efektivitas Cangkang Telur untuk Menurunkan Bilangan Peroksida dan Asam Lemak Bebas pada Minyak Jelantah 蛋壳在油中降低过氧化氢和自由脂肪酸的作用
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2020-10-30 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v5i2.209
Fauzi Abdilah, Mentik Hulupi
{"title":"Efektivitas Cangkang Telur untuk Menurunkan Bilangan Peroksida dan Asam Lemak Bebas pada Minyak Jelantah","authors":"Fauzi Abdilah, Mentik Hulupi","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v5i2.209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v5i2.209","url":null,"abstract":"Minyak jelantah mengandung berbagai pengotor yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan dan lingkungan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pemurnian minyak jelantah untuk menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida dengan menggunakan adsorben berbasis cangkang telur ayam (CTA) pada berbagai variasi temperatur kalsinasi. Proses persiapan adsorben dilakukan dengan menggunakan furnace elektrik selama 2 jam pada suhu 200, 400, 600 dan 800oC. Proses adsorpsi dilakukan selama 1 jam dengan pengadukan. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitas adsorben dan karakterisasi gugus fungsi dengan menggunakan FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy). Analisis kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida dilakukan dengan metode titrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adsorben CTA pada suhu kalsinasi 800oC (AE800) memberikan kualitas adsorben terbaik. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR menunjukkan adanya puncak baru pada bilangan gelombang 3640 cm-1. Hasil pengukuran kadar asam lemak bebas dan bilangan peroksida adsorben AE800 mencapai 54,74% dan 65,79%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa temperatur kalsinasi sangat mempengaruhi karakteristik adsorben dan CTA memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai adsorben untuk meningkatkan kualitas minyak jelantah dan bahan baku pembuatan katalis berbasis CaO. ","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128637567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Daun Pucuk Idat (Cratoxlum glaucum) dengan Metode Iradiasi Microwave
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.102
V. A. Fabiani, Desti Silvia, Dinda Liyana, Herul Akbar
{"title":"Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Daun Pucuk Idat (Cratoxlum glaucum) dengan Metode Iradiasi Microwave","authors":"V. A. Fabiani, Desti Silvia, Dinda Liyana, Herul Akbar","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.102","url":null,"abstract":"Telah dilakukan sintesis nanopartikel perak menggunakan bioreduktor ekstrak daun pucuk idat (Cratoxlum glaucum) menggunakan metode iradiasi microwave. Sintesis dilakukan dengan mereaksikan ekstrak daun pucuk idat dengan larutan perak nitrat pada perbandingan komposisi 1:2. Variabel penelitian ini yaitu variasi konsentrasi perak nitrat dan waktu sintesis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis UV-Vis menunjukkan adanya serapan panjang gelombang maksimum yang merupakan karakteristik pembentukan nanopartikel perak pada panjang gelombang 398,8 nm dengan konsentrasi AgNO3 0,5 mM dan waktu sintesis 120 detik. Analisis ukuran partikel menunjukkan distribusi ukuran partikel sebanyak 10% berukuran 92,5 nm dan secara keseluruhan berukuran 544,1 nm. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan nanopartikel perak memiliki sifat antibakteri yang kuat terhadap bakteri E.coli dan S.aureus","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127503677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Penggunaan kombinasi adsorben sebagai media filtrasi dalam menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia air limbah laundry
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.59
S. C. Palilingan, M. Pungus, F. Tumimomor
{"title":"Penggunaan kombinasi adsorben sebagai media filtrasi dalam menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia air limbah laundry","authors":"S. C. Palilingan, M. Pungus, F. Tumimomor","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.59","url":null,"abstract":"Air limbah sisa deterjen yang berasal dari pencucian pakaian (laundry) berpotensi mencemari kelestarian lingkungan seperti sungai dan tanah jika dibuang dalam volume yang besar tanpa ada pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Metode pengolahan air limbah laundry yang mudah dan murah untuk skala rumah tangga telah dilakukan dan terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar polutan-polutan yang terkandung dalam air limbah laundry seperti fosfat dan amonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media filtrasi menggunakan kombinasi adsorben arang aktif, zeolit, pasir silika, antrasit dan ferolit dalam menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia dalam air limbah laundry. Berdasarkan hasil uji laboratorium terhadap parameter uji fosfat dan amonia didapatkan hasil bahwa setelah proses filtrasi, terjadi penurunan kadar fosfat dan amonia dalam sampel air limbah laundry masing-masing sebesar 83,3% dan 63,6%. Dengan demikian, dari data hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa media filtrasi berupa kombinasi adsorben yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar fosfat dan amonia pada sampel air limbah laundry.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126719520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid dari Tumbuhan Cocor Bebek Sebagai Sediaan Inhibitor Korosi 将鸭子试剂型的甲壳素化合物隔离开来
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.97
T. Saputra, Esti Purnamasari, Anderson Arnold Aloanis
{"title":"Isolasi Senyawa Flavonoid dari Tumbuhan Cocor Bebek Sebagai Sediaan Inhibitor Korosi","authors":"T. Saputra, Esti Purnamasari, Anderson Arnold Aloanis","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.97","url":null,"abstract":"Various species of Kalanchoe plant has been widely used for traditional medicine and also as an ornamental plant. This research is a continuing search for secondary metabolites from Kalanchoe plants in Indonesia. The fresh leaves of Kalanchoe pinnata (6 kg) was extracted at room temperature with methanol to obtain a concentrated extract. The concentrated extract of methanol was further partitioned successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Yellow solid of pure isolates from ethyl acetate extract was separated by various chromatographic techniques. The chemical structure of isolates was determined by spectroscopic analysis of UV, IR , MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR data and a comparison wih those previously reported on literature and identified as a flavonoid compound 3,3’,4’,5,7 pentahydroxyiflavone also known as kuersetin which belong to the flavonol class.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131225223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Penghambatan Oksidasi Lipid Minyak Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) Oleh Air Jahe (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Selama Penyimpanan Dingin 油渍鱼油油氧化抑制剂，姜黄水(Zingiber officinale var. rubrum)用于冷库
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.90
Ilevena Rolima Josef, Ardi Kapahang, Dokri Gumolung
{"title":"Penghambatan Oksidasi Lipid Minyak Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) Oleh Air Jahe (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Selama Penyimpanan Dingin","authors":"Ilevena Rolima Josef, Ardi Kapahang, Dokri Gumolung","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.90","url":null,"abstract":"Fish is one of the main foods for humans that are rich of proteins, fatty, and minerals that are good for health. Unsaturated fatty acids are very easily oxidized by the presence of catalysts such as oxygen, heat, light, and the presence of metals. Ginger contains antioxidants which can inhibit oxidation of fat or oil. This study aims to inhibit fat oxidation of skipjack fish with the addition of ginger. Skipjack fish soaked in ginger water with a concentration of 10%, 20%, 30% and the control, then saved for 0, 2, 4 days. The fish was extracted by the wet rendering method and then analyzed with 2 parameters, peroxide value and free fatty acids with the titration method. The best concentration in inhibiting lipid oxidation of skipjack fish is at a concentration of 10% and 30%. The peroxide value of cakalang oils is still below the IFOS standard of 3.75 meq O2/kg and the percentage of free fatty acids is still below the standard of 1.5%","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116095624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Skrining Fitokimia dan Potensi Antilitiasis dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nusa Indah Putih (Mussaenda pubescens)
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.98
E. J. Pongoh, R. Rumampuk, D. Howan, Veyta Tamunu
{"title":"Skrining Fitokimia dan Potensi Antilitiasis dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nusa Indah Putih (Mussaenda pubescens)","authors":"E. J. Pongoh, R. Rumampuk, D. Howan, Veyta Tamunu","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.98","url":null,"abstract":"Skrining fitokimia dan uji antilitiasis telah dilakukan pada ekstrak etanol daun nusa indah putih (Mussaenda pubescens). Hasil skrinig fitokimia  menunjukkan bahwa daun nusa indah putih (M. pubescens) positif mengandung alkaloid dan flavonoid. Hasil uji antilitiasis menunjukkan efektivitas dalam memperbaiki tikus urolitiasis dengan dosis 300 mg/kg BB lebih baik dalam memperbaiki ginjal dibandingkan dengan dosis 150 mg/kg BB dengan konsentrasi 1,8 ml/tikus.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1082 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127118785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pengaruh Proses Pengeringan Tradisional terhadap Komposisi Proksimat Nike Ikan Payangkah (Ophieleotris aporos) dari Danau Tondano 传统干燥过程对Tondano湖的paymate Proksimat鱼(Ophieleotris aporos)的成份的影响
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.101
S. Krisen, Ardi Kapahang
{"title":"Pengaruh Proses Pengeringan Tradisional terhadap Komposisi Proksimat Nike Ikan Payangkah (Ophieleotris aporos) dari Danau Tondano","authors":"S. Krisen, Ardi Kapahang","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.101","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian tentang pengaruh proses pengeringan tradisional terhadap komposisi proksimat nike ikan payangkah  telah dilakukan. Sejumlah sampel nike ikan payangkah  diambil dari danau tondano, dibagi dua bagian yaitu bagian sampel segar dan bagian lainnya dikeringkan secara tradisional pada kisaran suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Komposisi proksimat sampel basah dan kering yang ditentukan masing-masing adalah kadar air 83.157%, protein 13.128%, lipid 1.48%, abu 2.033%, serat kasar 0.65% dan karbohidrat 0.2%. Sedangkan untuk sampel kering kadar air 9.591%, protein 67.434%, abu 5.065% dan serat kasar 0.64%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pengeringan tradisional memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap beberapa parameter pada komposisi proksimat nike ikan payangkah.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122304746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Karakterisasi material mesopori Ni/MCM-41 dan pengaruh penambahan logam nikel terhadap tingkat keasaman material 中孔物质的特性:mc -41和镍对物质酸化水平的影响
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.83
S. M. T. Tengker, Jenny Kumajas
{"title":"Karakterisasi material mesopori Ni/MCM-41 dan pengaruh penambahan logam nikel terhadap tingkat keasaman material","authors":"S. M. T. Tengker, Jenny Kumajas","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.83","url":null,"abstract":"Mesoporous material MCM-41 cannot be used directly as a catalyst, so need to be added metals or nonmetals to create an acidic site. Nickel is a Lewis acid metal because it is able to accept lone pairs of electrons from ligands to form complex compounds. The purpose of this study was to produce mesoporous material Ni/MCM-41 and to see the effect of the addition Nickel metal to the acidity level of mesoporous material Ni/MCM-41.Tthe ion exchange method is used to produce Ni/MCM-41 and the gravimetric method to test the acidity of the material. The MCM-41 used for Ni/MCM-41 synthesis has an x-ray diffraction pattern with a hexagonal structure that is identical with the MOC researchers results. BET results is showed the type IV of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm with a surface area of ​​Ni/MCM-41 material 775.9 m2/g, pore volume 0.81 cc/g and pore radius 15.2 Å. TEM characterization shows the morphological shape of Ni/MCM-41 in the form of hexagonal structure. The acidity test results of Ni/MCM-41 material have a higher acidity level compared to MCM-41. Based on the research data, it can be concluded that Ni/MCM-41 has a morphological form with a hexagonal structure, has a large surface area and has a pore size classified as mesoporous material and has a higher acidity level than the MCM-41 synthesized.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127765026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Sintesis dan karakterisai kitosan dari limbah cangkang udang sebagai stabilizer terhadap Ag nanopartikel 从甲壳动物的废物中合成和生成基他山猫的特性，作为与Ag纳米粒子的稳定器
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.100
A. Amin, Nur Khairi, E. Allo
{"title":"Sintesis dan karakterisai kitosan dari limbah cangkang udang sebagai stabilizer terhadap Ag nanopartikel","authors":"A. Amin, Nur Khairi, E. Allo","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.100","url":null,"abstract":"The research of manufacturing chitosan from shrimp shell waste , and their use as a stabilizer in the manufacture of silver nanoparticles has been done. The aim of the research was to synthesize silver nanoparticles using chitosan as a stabilizer by chemical reduction method and determine the effect of chitosan concentration on the stability of Ag nanoparticles. In this study, the raw material used is shrimp shell powder and then processed in several stages, eliminating proteins, demineralization, and deacetylation. Chitosan obtained is 16.4 % of shrimp shell powder, with a degree of deacetylation of 85 %. Chitosan is used to synthesize silver nanoparticles as a reducing agent of silver ions in silver nitrate solution and is expected to be stabilizer. Sample containing 45 mg of chitosan and 1000 ppm AgNO3 has 421,60 nm of maximum wavelength, and the average particle size is 154.07 nm.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116126197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Analisis Struktur Kristal Polyetilen Glicol (PEG-4000) Coated Nanopartikel Magnetite (Fe3O4) 聚乙烯二醇(PEG-4000)包覆纳米磁铁矿(Fe3O4)的结构分析
Fullerene Journal of Chemistry Pub Date : 2019-10-29 DOI: 10.37033/fjc.v4i2.99
Alfrie Musa Rampengan, Jeferson Polii
{"title":"Analisis Struktur Kristal Polyetilen Glicol (PEG-4000) Coated Nanopartikel Magnetite (Fe3O4)","authors":"Alfrie Musa Rampengan, Jeferson Polii","doi":"10.37033/fjc.v4i2.99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v4i2.99","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of materials made from FeSO4.7H2O, FeCl3.6H2O, and NH4OH hydrophilic materials has been carried out using coprecipitation method to produce Fe3O4 nanoparticle material. Analysis of the crystalline structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles seen from the results of material characterization using X-Ray Diffractometer showed diffraction peaks namely (220) (311) (400) (511) (440) with the main peak at the index (311). Samples of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were modified with PEG-4000 polymer, emerging new diffraction peaks such as peaks with index (111), α- Fe3O4 peaks, γ-FeO (OH) peaks and α-FeO ​​(OH) peaks. The emergence of these new peaks is due to the influence of the PEG-4000 polymer which directly shows the bond with the -OH (hydroxyl) group.","PeriodicalId":162138,"journal":{"name":"Fullerene Journal of Chemistry","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126815421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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