{"title":"THERMAL ANALYSIS OF AN INVERTED ABSORBER SOLAR STILL FOR HIGHER YIELD","authors":"G. Tiwari, Sangeeta Suneja","doi":"10.1080/01425919908914349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919908914349","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, an analysis of an inverted absorber solar still, with water flowing over the condensing surface, has been presented. Analytical expressions for the hourly variation of various temperatures namely, water, condensing cover, and flowing water, the yield and the instantaneous thermal efficiency have been derived in terms of design and climatic parameters. Numerical computation has been carried out for a particular day of Delhi weather for an inverted absorber solar still with water flowing over the condensing cover. The results have been compared with those of an inverted absorber solar still without the water flow over the condensing cover. It is found that for an optimum 10cm depth of water in the basin the yield is increased by about 11 % when there is flow of water at the rate of 0.5kg/s.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129758018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SIMPLE MODEL TO GENERATE DAILY AVERAGED POINT CLOUDINESS DATA","authors":"V. Badescu","doi":"10.1080/01425919908914350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919908914350","url":null,"abstract":"A new simple model to generate daily averaged point cloudiness values was proposed. The model uses as input the long-term mean value of point cloudiness. The model was tested in two Romanian locations. During the cold season there is a good agreement between the frequency distribution functions (FDF) obtained by using observed and generated data, respectively. When the warm season is considered, the concordance between the FDFs based on synthetic and observed data is slightly worse. The present model generates data whose mean and standard deviation are very close to those of the observed data. The model can be used to synthesize time series in those locations where the long-term mean value of point cloudiness is the only known information about the cloud cover amount. However, if both the long-term mean and standard deviation of point cloudiness are known, one recommends to use first or second order autoregressive (AR) models. If one looks about FDFs based on generated data the present model should be pre...","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133159677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF DEPOSITION AND PROCESSING CONDITIONS ON THE PROPERTIES OF EVAPORATED CdTe/ CdS LAYERS AND SOLAR CELLS","authors":"Z. Liu, K. Durose, A. Brinkman","doi":"10.1080/01425919908914347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919908914347","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the deposition and CdCl2 doping conditions on the properties of CdTe layers and on the performance of CdTe/CdS/ITO/glass solar cells is reported. Relatively high deposition temperatures (300-350°C) were found to enhance the reproducibility of the optical quality of the CdTe. Oxidation of CdTe layers during air annealing was observed and monitored by XRD. Conventional wet dip and CdCl2 vapour doping of CdTe are compared. Methods for reducing the incidence of pinholes in the CdTe are described, the junction uniformity having been monitored by EBIC. The best solar cell made in this work had an efficiency of 9.87%. (V oc = 0.696V, J sc = 24.1 mA/cm2, FF = 59%).","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121131104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DAY-LENGTH AND EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION FOR SUDAN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY","authors":"N. Elagib, S. Alvi, M. Mansell","doi":"10.1080/01425919908914348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919908914348","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study of estimating the day-length, S 0, and extraterrestrial radiation, H, is conducted, with special reference to Sudan. Due to the definitions of the formulae of Cooper and Hay, differences in S 0-values are normal; however, the former formula revealed excellent agreement with data on the duration between sunrise and sunset. Hence, the paper recommends adopting Cooper's method for computing S 0 for Sudan. With regard to H 0, the use of the average days for the months, as recommended by Klein, has depicted no substantial errors. This has also been found true for day-length computations. The study further accentuates that the amount of solar energy available in Sudan is significantly large to be used for industrial purposes.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"124 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131747344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THERMAL AND AIR FLOW PHENOMENA","authors":"S. Álvarez, J. Coronel, C. Balaras, E. Dascalaki","doi":"10.1080/01425919708914331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919708914331","url":null,"abstract":"PASSPORT Plus is a new building thermal simulation tool, developed in the framework of PASCOOL. It incorporates new findings from the experimental and theoretical research activities performed in PASCOOL that have been integrated in an original informatic structure. Overall, the emphasis during the development of the program was given on dealing with problems related to cooling of buildings, especially by natural and passive techniques. Some of the program's features include a detailed treatment of the thermal mass, external remote obstacles, external shading devices like facade obstacles and louvers, improved treatment of natural ventilation phenomena. PASSPORT Plus is a flexible numerical model, in a sense that it can be easily modified in order to adapt and incorporate new findings from ongoing and future research, independently developed modules for treating specific systems or processes, with minimum effort and changes to the program's structure. The tool has been validated against experimental data ...","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132213600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Willi Weber, Bernard Marie Lachal, H. Drexler, Peter Giulio Gallinelli, D. Gonzalez
{"title":"PASCOOL ELECTRONIC METAHANDBOOK, PEM⋆","authors":"Willi Weber, Bernard Marie Lachal, H. Drexler, Peter Giulio Gallinelli, D. Gonzalez","doi":"10.1080/01425919708914333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919708914333","url":null,"abstract":"In the PASCOOL research program, which is part of the European research project Joule II, one task was dedicated to the development of an interactive software that would summarise the result of the Pascool research program and show the applicability of passive cooling in Mediterranean countries. The aim was to encourage designers to make use of passive cooling strategies in existing and new buildings. Therefore, a software called PEM, Pascool Electronic Metahandbook was created. A selection of buildings from the southern European countries are presented in this software. These buildings had been previously monitored and simulated as a separate task within the Pascool program. In addition, the software contains a climate database and simple predesign tools for dimensioning insulation and solar protection. Version 1.2 of this software was completed in October 1995 and is available on CD-ROM.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117024335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"FUTURE RESEARCH ACTIONS IN PASSIVE COOLING","authors":"M. Santamouris, A. Argiriou","doi":"10.1080/01425919708914337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919708914337","url":null,"abstract":"The PASCOOL program was the most important European project on passive cooling of buildings. The project addressed topics included solar control, the combined effect of ventilation and thermal mass, thermal comfort during summer and the potential of natural cooling techniques. PASCOOL put in evidence also the axes towards which future research on passive cooling should be oriented. This research, giving the continuously increasing trend of energy consumption for cooling purposes, is absolutely necessary in order to take advantage of the complete potential that passive cooling can offer to buildings while maintaining the living standards, health and comfort of the occupants. This paper presents these future issues that comprise (a) research on the microclimatic scale in order to address the impact of outdoor environment on the cooling load of buildings, (b) investigation of comfort requirements under transient conditions during summer, (c) research on natural ventilation in urban environments and the impac...","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"39 40","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131500301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Methodology and Cooling Potential of the Environmental Heat Sinks","authors":"S. Álvarez, I. Maestre, R. Velázquez","doi":"10.1080/01425919708914336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919708914336","url":null,"abstract":"The usefulness of defining the cooling potential and other related variables is a function of how these figures will help the designer in the decision taking process. Consequently, a rational approach to these definitions should start from a certain design methodology The present paper proposes a design methodology which uses the concepts of gross cooling potential, net cooling potential, available cooling potential, usable cooling potential and natural cooling saving fraction. These concepts are expressed under common terms for three natural cooling techniques (NCT), radiative cooling via night sky radiators, ground cooling using buried ducts and evaporative cooling via mechanical evaporative coolers. The objective is to develop a systematic procedure of producing information about the suitability of using a certain NCT in a given locality and for a certain building. The application of the methodology mentioned for a set of European localities has been included in the ATLAS about the potential of NCT whi...","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"343-344 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121647949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PASSIVE COOLING OF BUILDINGS -RESULTS OF THE PASCOOL PROGRAM","authors":"M. Santamouris, A. Argiriou","doi":"10.1080/01425919708914328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919708914328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate and present recent progress on the field of passive cooling of buildings achieved mainly through the PASCOOL research program of the European Commission. The PASCOOL group is composed by several national consortia including Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands, UK, Slovenia, Hungary, Bulgaria and the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission at Ispra. The main scientific achievements of the project and especially the developed techniques, tools and design guidelines to promote passive cooling applications in buildings are presented.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125930212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH TO THERMAL COMFORT ASSESSMENT","authors":"Nick Baker, M. Standeven","doi":"10.1080/01425919708914329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425919708914329","url":null,"abstract":"The paper1 describes the use of field study data to identify and quantify the individual contribution's of adaptive actions by subjects in order to achieve thermal comfort. These actions include operating building controls, responding to spatial variation of room conditions, modifying posture and clothing, and metabolic rate. In order for these actions to occur, the adaptive opportunity must exist, which to some extent is a property of the building. Suggestions for the integration of adaptive effects into comfort-predicting models are made including a way of avoiding temperature as an input, which is shown to have poor correlation with reported thermal satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122624943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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