{"title":"EVALUATION OF SYMMETRIC AND ASYMMETRIC CORRELATIONS TO PREDICT MONTHLY AVERAGE HOURLY GLOBAL SOLAR RADIATION","authors":"K. S. Babu, V. V. Satyamurty","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914364","url":null,"abstract":"The present article deals with evaluating the relative performance of the correlations to predict symmetric and asymmetric monthly average hourly values of global solar radiation from corresponding daily values. It has been found that the symmetric correlation due to CoUares-Pereira and Rabl [7] and asymmetric form due to Satyamurty and Lahiri [9] perform satisfactorily over a wide range of locations tested.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134446169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF A NOVEL SOLAR STORAGE MATERIAL: MICROENCAPSULATED PARAFFIN","authors":"M. Hawlader, M. S. Uddin, H. Zhu","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914357","url":null,"abstract":"Microencapsulated paraffin, a novel solar storage material, was prepared by complex coacervation technique and its performance was evaluated in terms 1of encapsulation ratio, hydrophilicity, energy storage capacity, and size distribution. The experiments were designed, based on surface response method, to optimise the processing conditions. The sizes of the microencapsulated paraffin particle were 50–100 μm. For an emulsification time of l0min and the addition of 6–8 ml (2.9−3.8% w/w) of formaldehyde (HCHO), the paraffin encapsulation ratio was found higher in different ratio of paraffin wax to coating (menu). It was also found that a higher coating to paraffin ratio leads to a higher paraffin encapsulation ratio. The hydrophilicity value of microencapsulated paraffin depended mainly on the ratio of paraffin to coating. The higher the ratio, the lower was its product hydrophilicity. In the same ratio of paraffin wax to coating, the higher concentration of HCHO led to a lower hydrophilicity of the product. The microencapsulated paraffin has shown large energy storage and release capacity (20–90 J/g) during its phase change depending on different ratios of paraffin wax to coating.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"C-18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126765832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SECOND LAW ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR THERMAL POWER SYSTEM","authors":"S. Kaushik, R. Misra, N. Singh","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914358","url":null,"abstract":"This communication presents second law analysis based on exergy concept for a solar thermal power system. Basic energy and exergy analysis for the system components (viz. parabolic trough collector/receiver and Rankine heat engine etc.) are carried out for evaluating the energy and exergy losses as well as exergetic efficiency for typical solar thermal power system under given operating conditions. Relevant energy flow and exergy flow diagrams are drawn to show the various thermodynamic and thermal losses. It is found that the main energy loss takes place at the condenser of the heat engine part whereas the exergy analysis shows that the collector-receiver assembly is the part where the losses are maximum. The analysis and results can be used for evaluating the component irreversibilities which can also explain the deviation between the actual efficiency and ideal efficiency of solar thermal power system.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120953908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A SOLAR POND COUPLED LOW TEMPERATURE MULTI STAGE DESALINATION PLANT PART I: THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS","authors":"K. R. Agha, G. Rice, A.E. WHELDON","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914359","url":null,"abstract":"Salt Gradient Solar Ponds (SGSP) have the potential of providing low grade energy with the advantage of an annual thermal energy storage cycle. The development of Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) distillation plants operating below 100°C allows SGSP to be considered as the heat source for these systems. In this paper, two schemes of matching the SGSP with the MSF distillation plant are presented. The first scheme is based on the assumption that the solar pond is to be used as the sole heat source for the distillation plant (i.e. all the plant's thermal energy requirements are provided by the solar pond). The second scheme considers a hybrid system (solar + fuel), where a 20,000 m2 solar pond is linked to an otherwise stand alone, fuel driven desalination plant. Both options are simulated with the same daily product water output of 1000m3/day. The thermal simulation of the MSF desalination process was predicted by using a mathematical model based on stage by stage calculations taking into account the variations in fluid properties and flow conditions. The generated simultaneous equations of the mass and energy balances were combined and arranged in a matrix form and then translated into algorithm to predict process variables such as temperature and flash evaporation rates.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127526644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ACCURATE UPPER BOUND EFFICIENCY FOR SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION","authors":"V. Badescu","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914351","url":null,"abstract":"A class of accurate upper bounds for the efficiency of converting solar energy into work was derived in this paper by taking into account (i) the irreversibilities associated with the heat transfer inside the heat engine and (ii) details about the system considered, as the geometric (view) factor of the Sun, the dilution factors of solar and ambient radiation and the optical properties of the converter (concentration ratio, absorptance, reflectance and transmittance for both transparent cover and absorber), A simpler (but less accurate) upper bound efficiency is: where T s, and T0 are Sun and ambient temperatures, respectively. This upper bound is still more accurate than the upper limit efficiencies usually cited in literature.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"815 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113996231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"EFFECT OF INTERNAL IRREVERSIBILITY ON THE MAXIMUM POWER OUTPUT OF SOLAR HEAT ENGINES","authors":"M. S. Salah El-Din","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914353","url":null,"abstract":"The maximum power output of an internally and externally irreversible solar heat engine has been determined when the total heat transfer area is constrained. The results show that to reduce the effect of the internal irreversibility of the engine both the stagnation temperature of the collector and the size of the cold end heat exchanger may be increased.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114830395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER CORRELATIONS FOR AN ENCLOSED HORIZONTAL COMPOUND PARABOLIC CAVITY SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTOR","authors":"A. Kothdiwala, P. Eames, Brian Norton","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914352","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Correlations between Nusselt and Grashof numbers have been proposed for convective heat transfer in compound parabolic concentrating solar energy collectors (CPCs). The discrepancies between these correlations are discussed. CPC designs considered range from a tubular absorber with or without an envelope; with one or two concentric envelopes; with eccentric envelopes; with various levels of reflector truncation and for a range of system inclination angles.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126486102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITABLE WATER IN SOUTHERN GREECE IN SUPPORT OF SOLAR RADIATION MODELS","authors":"N. Chrysoulakis, C. Cartalis","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914355","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitable water by reflecting the total water vapour amount in zenith direction between the surface of the earth and the top of the atmosphere is considered an important parameter for soiar radiation models. However, lack of ground data and/or radiosoundings in the examined area results in the inability to calculate precipitable water with further implications in the results of solar radiation models. The aim of this study is the estimation of the probability distribution function of the annual mean of precipitable water for Southern Greece. For the purposes of the study, radiosoundings of the National Meteorological Agency at Hellinicon station were used to obtain the daily values of water vapour for the period 1974-1995. Results were compared to measurements to show satisfactory agreement, a fact which allows their use for solar energy studies – as well as for energy budget calculations – in Southern Greece where in situ measurements are missing.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131917782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"THE EARLY DESIGN MODEL FOR PREDICTION OF ENERGY AND COST PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING DESIGN OPTIONS","authors":"Y. Yohanis, Brian Norton","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914356","url":null,"abstract":"In order to encourage the use of computer modelling in building environmental analysis, it is necessary to provide a model developed from the designer's point of view. Detailed simulation models require a high degree of expertise and familiarity, further, there is also a need for detailed information not available in the early stages of the design process. Simplified models play an important role in the early stages of a design to achieve an integrated design: firstly, they are easy to use and, secondly, they require information easily available at the start of a design. In the Early Design Model (EDM) the solar gain utilisation factor has been determined as a continuous function of thermal mass. The differences between the annual energy predictions of EDM and SERI-RES ranges from 0.1% to 4.6% for time constants ranging from 378 to 2.52 h. The differences between the two sets of predictions on monthly basis ranges from −3.6% to −6.48% (EDM's predictions being larger) during the heating season, and from +2.86% to a maximum of +51% (EDM's predictions being smaller) in the remaining part of the year. In addition to energy predictions, EDM incorporates a facility which gives cost indications.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130986611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ENERGY REQUIREMENTS AND WAYS OF SAVING ENERGY IN THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES","authors":"T. Wetzel, E. Baake, A. Mühlbauer","doi":"10.1080/01425910008914354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01425910008914354","url":null,"abstract":"The results of an investigation of energy requirements and ways of saving energy in the production process of photovoltaic modules are reported. The investigation was carried out as a process chain analysis. It contains a comprehensive collection of process step data, from the reduction of SiO2 up to the completed module. Analysis and comparison results include conventional mono- and multicrystalline silicon modules as well as MIS-I modules and thin film solar cells based on amorphous silicon. The investigation includes model cases of an expanded production volume and its implications for energy requirements. Modifications of the production process in pursuit of the goal of improved cell efficiency need to be reviewed taking into account the accumulated energy requirements of the whole module. The data framework presented in the report provides a reliable, fast and flexible measure that enables researchers to meet this condition.","PeriodicalId":162029,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Solar Energy","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127072252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}