Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic changes in medication burden leading to fall and hospital readmissions in older adults: Toward a strategy for improving risk and managing costs.","authors":"Rafia S Rasu, Christy Xavier, Nahid Rianon","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.96","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.96","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of a health plan's performance and designated Star Rating is related to medication-related behavior, eg, medication adherence, medication review, and reconciliation, that are intricately related to adverse drug events (ADEs). Altered pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics owing to aging make older adults more vulnerable to ADEs like falls, fractures, hospitalizations, and mortality. Prevention of avoidable risk factors such as medication burden can help maintain quality of life. Studies of multiple populations have established drug burden index (DBI), a dose-dependent measure of anticholinergic and sedative burden, to be strongly associated with worsening vertigo, dizziness, and balance, which all predicate falls. The mean difference in DBI greater than 0.1 provides greater predictive power for adverse events, such as falls and 30-day readmission rates. Inclusion of a DBI delta metric especially on an electronic medical record has the potential to reduce fall incidence and associated health outcomes such as hospitalizations and death; this presents an opportunity to improve Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Star Ratings by using meaningful tools to foster engagement among informed and active Medicare beneficiaries. We believe this information is extremely relevant in real-world decision-making for health care professionals, specifically when the changes are dynamic and happen very quickly. Moreover, managed care organizations are now dedicated to eliciting a deeper understanding and mitigation of social inequalities in medication use and consequences. Among the proposed solutions includes tailoring prescription utilization management tools with DBI to decrease avoidable incidences of complications and unintended costs. Understanding the dynamic relationship between medication exposures causing ADEs and associated health care utilization and costs to third-party payments remains vital because in the United States, approximately one-third of hospital admissions in older adults occur because of ADEs. This can be achieved by emphasizing equitable therapy and tailoring quality initiatives that minimize racial disparities and avoidable costs that affect the financial burden of these patients. Importantly, this approach becomes even more critical as health care systems increasingly emphasize star ratings, which reflect the quality of care delivered to patients. By prioritizing DBI metrics in these ratings, we can ensure that care is not only clinically effective but also equitable and focused on improving patients' overall well-being. Lastly, as the future directions, the timely application of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence and machine learning in analyzing DBI metrics could enhance our ability to predict the value of DBI adjustments and their correlation with falls and other unintended ADEs. These real-world technologies can process vast amounts of data quickly and accurately, identifying patterns and potent","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":"96-100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging trends in therapeutics and diagnostics: Perspectives on the 2024 AMCP Foundation Survey.","authors":"Catherine M Lockhart, Michael Manolakis","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1-b.s15","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1-b.s15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"31 1-b Suppl","pages":"S15-S19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11780270/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143052676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating optimal thresholds for adherence to RASA medications among older adults with hypertension.","authors":"Megha A Parikh, Sujith Ramachandran, Irene Nsiah, Patrick J Campbell, Melissa Castora-Binkley, Taruja Karmakar, Heather Black, John P Bentley","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.25","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Star Ratings program incentivizes health plans in Medicare to improve performance on a variety of quality measures such as adherence to renin-angiotensin system antagonists (RASAs). Adherence to RASA medications, defined as having a proportion of days covered (PDC) of at least 80%, has been improving for several years, suggesting that further investigation is needed to assess the appropriateness of the current 80% PDC threshold for medication adherence as an indicator of quality. The 80% PDC threshold has been found to be associated with improved health care resource utilization outcomes; however, little evidence exists to show that this threshold is optimal.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the association between adherence to RASA medications and health care resource utilization outcomes within a Medicare Advantage population and to identify the optimal PDC threshold that maximizes economic and utilization benefits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study used de-identified administrative claims data from the 2015 to 2018 in Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Inclusion in the study was based on measure specifications for the RASA adherence measure used in the Medicare Part D Star Ratings program. Adherence was assessed over a 1-year period, and health care utilization and medical costs were assessed in the subsequent year. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between adherence and economic outcomes after accounting for hypothesized confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,006,901 individuals were included in the study with an average PDC of 87.5% (SD = 17.8%). During the follow-up period, 12.1% of individuals experienced a hospitalization, 14.81% used an emergency department (ED), and 32.3% visited a non-ED outpatient facility. Each percentage point increase in PDC was significantly associated with decreased odds of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.997-0.997) and ED visit (OR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.996-0.997), being in the top decile of payer medical costs (OR = 0.998; 95% CI = 0.997-0.998), and increased odds of outpatient visits (adjusted OR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.001-1.002). Receiver operator characteristic curve analyses found the optimal PDC thresholds to be 91.5%, 90.7%, 90.7%, and 90.4% for hospitalization (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.527), ED visit (AUC = 0.534), outpatient visit (AUC = 0.501), and medical costs (AUC = 0.532), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated the importance of medication adherence for preventing undesirable outcomes, such as future hospitalizations, ED visits, and high medical costs, among individuals with hypertension enrolled in Medicare Advantage. The optimal threshold for PDC related to health care resource utilization outcomes was found to be greater than that ","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":"25-32"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiating continuous glucose monitoring is associated with improvements in glycemic control and reduced health care resource utilization for people with diabetes in a large US-insured population: A real-world evidence study.","authors":"Gregory J Norman, Joaquim Fernandes, Poorva Nemlekar, Sarah B Andrade, Laura Lupton, Alexa Berk","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.24255","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.24255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the real-world impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use on glycemic management and health care resource utilization (HCRU) in people with diabetes in a large US-insured population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study used Aetna administrative claims data from a cohort of fully insured commercial and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with diabetes and with coverage for medical and pharmacy benefits. The index date was the first CGM pharmacy or medical claim observed between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021. Change in hemoglobin A1c was calculated using values from 3 months before and the latest values 10-12 months after the index date. HCRU was measured 12 months before and after the index date. Data were analyzed by the following patient groups: type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D) on intensive insulin therapy, T2D on basal-only insulin therapy, and T2D not on insulin therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 7,336 patients (74% T2D, mean age 57 years, 42% Medicare-insured, 54% male, 56% White) were analyzed. Beneficiaries with available A1c data (n = 1,063) showed a significant improvement in A1c after CGM initiation (-0.7%, <i>P</i> < 0.0001), including -0.9% change in the T2D not on insulin group (n = 264). For the overall cohort, the number of patients with diabetes-related hospitalizations and emergency department visits decreased significantly by 67% and 40%, respectively (<i>P</i> < 0.0001 for both).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that CGM use was associated with clinically meaningful improvements in A1c and reduced HCRU, suggesting potential for population-level clinical benefits, especially for patients not using insulin.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"15-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness models of non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic literature review.","authors":"Michael Willis, Andreas Nilsson, Zin Min Thet Lwin, Gunnar Brådvik, Arsela Prelaj","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.69","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a formidable global health challenge owing to significant morbidity, high mortality rates, and substantial economic burden. Recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have transformed NSCLC treatment, but efficacy varies across patients. Tailoring treatment to patients can improve outcomes and potentially improve cost-effectiveness (ie, value for money) as well. For NSCLC, cost-effectiveness must often be estimated using economic modeling, and estimates are only as good as the models. Existing cost-effectiveness models are not necessarily suitable for evaluating personalized medicines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify and assess cost-effectiveness models of NSCLC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched for studies indexed in PubMed and Embase from 2012 to October 2023 that described cost-effectiveness models of NSCLC. Study details were extracted, summarized, and evaluated for adherence to the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 237 unique models, 40% of which were published in 2022 or 2023. Despite cross-model heterogeneity, most models used the same 3 health states (progression-free survival, progressive disease, and death) combined with time-to-event equations that characterize risks. Thirty models included a diagnostic component, most of which considered guiding treatment selection using biomarkers. Adherence to the overall Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards checklist was generally incomplete, and adherence to a subset of model-related questions even more so.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The large number of models that were found, almost half of which were published since 2022, underscores the importance of cost-effectiveness analysis in NSCLC. Variable adherence to best practices suggests opportunities for improvement, however, and making high-quality, open-source models available to researchers may be valuable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697584/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of an adherence pharmacy referral protocol for patients taking sacubitril/valsartan.","authors":"Brigid Perry, Justin Jakab, Brittiny Robinson, Emily McElhaney, Julianne Fallon, Kristel Geyer","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.83","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1.83","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Heart failure is a prevalent disease state associated with limitations in function, hospitalization, and death. The 2022 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Failure Society of America guidelines recommend medications including sacubitril/valsartan to decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure. However, if patients are nonadherent to treatment or experience barriers to care, they will forgo these benefits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the pharmacy staff compliance rate to a workflow protocol for sacubitril/valsartan prescriptions received by Cleveland Clinic Home Delivery (HD) and Adherence Pharmacy (AP) and determine the nonclinical benefits experienced by the patients enrolled in the protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At Cleveland Clinic, there are 2 mail-order pharmacies: HD and AP. Both pharmacies offer a variety of benefits and adherence services, with each pharmacy having their own unique services offered. With numerous adherence services provided by both pharmacies, it is likely that patients with heart failure would see clinical and nonclinical benefits, such as cost savings. This project created a triage protocol for patients deemed to experience the most benefit from services offered through AP. The primary endpoint of this project was determining the feasibility of a medication-specific workflow protocol for sacubitril/valsartan prescriptions at HD and AP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 114 qualifying prescriptions per the protocol, and 98 of those prescriptions were appropriately screened by the pharmacy staff, equating to an 86% compliance rate for the primary outcome. Of the 98 patients included in the workflow protocol, prior authorization was completed by pharmacy staff for 41 patients (41.8%), manufacturer copay card was applied for 13 patients (13.3%), 17 patients (17.3%) were enrolled in grant funding programs, and patient assistance program enrollment was initiated for 9 patients (9.2%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Medication-specific workflows may be a feasible option to implement for pharmacies to ensure the offering of adherence services to patients with high-risk disease states using treatment with expensive, branded medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"31 1","pages":"83-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shining a spotlight on pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease care: The latest advances in diagnosis and treatment.","authors":"Steven D Nathan, Michael R Stinchon, Sara Atcheson, Laura Simone, Marykate Nelson","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1-a.s2","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.31.1-a.s2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) is a complex condition in which 2 consequential diseases interact and increase negative outcomes. Although the pathophysiologic mechanisms of PH-ILD are not yet well understood, the pronounced effect on functional status, supplemental oxygen requirements, health care resource utilization, and mortality that frequently accompany this diagnosis are well documented. A critical feature that complicates pathophysiologic understanding of PH-ILD is that progression of the pulmonary vascular disease does not always appear to be driven by the underlying lung disease. As PH-ILD is a progressive disease, early recognition and treatment initiation have the potential to delay the increased burden it creates. Historically, therapeutic development within pulmonary hypertension has concentrated on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). However, PH-ILD and PAH are categorically distinct-belonging to distinct PH groups owing to differing pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic implications. PAH and PH-ILD may have numerous similarities; however, when PAH therapies have been studied in patients with PH-ILD, inconclusive efficacy (bosentan, sildenafil, tadalafil, iloprost) and at times deleterious safety findings (riociguat, ambrisentan) have been observed. Despite the paucity of evidence to support PAH therapy use in this patient population, widespread off-label use of PAH therapies arose as a result of a historical lack of PH-ILD-approved treatment. Recently, inhaled treprostinil-a prostacyclin analog-has become the first therapy approved for treatment of PH-ILD. In the phase 3 INCREASE trial, inhaled treprostinil was effective in improving 6-minute walk distance (the primary endpoint; <i>P</i> < 0.001) as well as N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The approval of inhaled treprostinil in 2022 facilitates evidence-based therapeutic management. In addition, the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension has recently published an extensive summary of clinical research to date in PH-ILD. The proceedings from the 7th World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension provide timely recommendations for investigation of PH-ILD and a framework for assessing treatment needs. The therapeutic landscape advances are poised to transform PH-ILD care and improve outcomes for patients with PH-ILD.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"31 1-a Suppl","pages":"S2-S17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11695281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of caplacizumab in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in the United States.","authors":"Sean D Sullivan, Shruti Chaturvedi, Preety Gautam, Alix Arnaud","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.24271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2025.24271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a rare, life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy. Caplacizumab is the only treatment approved by the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration for iTTP, to be given in combination with plasma exchange therapy (PEX) and immunosuppression (IS). The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's independent appraisal committee assessed the cost-effectiveness of caplacizumab and concluded that the addition of caplacizumab to PEX+IS is cost-effective under a patient access scheme in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the cost-effectiveness of caplacizumab in iTTP from the US payer perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's model was adapted to the US setting using US costs and discount rates. In contrast to previous cost-effectiveness analyses that accounted only for acute outcomes, our model consisted of a 3-month decision tree for an acute iTTP episode, followed by a Markov model to project long-term costs and outcomes (time horizon: up to 55 years; 3-monthly cycles).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients taking caplacizumab with PEX+IS experienced an incremental gain of 2.96 life years (LYs) and 1.75 quality-adjusted LYs relative to PEX+IS alone, at an increased lifetime cost of $256,000. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $86,400 per LY and $146,300 per quality-adjusted LY gained.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Considering willingness-to-pay thresholds of $150,000 to $200,000, the addition of caplacizumab to PEX+IS may be cost-effective compared with PEX+IS alone for the treatment of iTTP in a US setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacoequity measurement framework: A tool to reduce health disparities.","authors":"Pranav M Patel, Utibe R Essien, Laura Happe","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2025.24298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2025.24298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pharmacoequity</i> is a health system and policy goal of ensuring equitable access to high-quality medications for all individuals, regardless of factors such as race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, or resource availability to reduce health disparities. Although measurement frameworks have been widely used in health equity contexts, a focused framework for pharmacoequity remains a critical gap. In this article, we introduce a novel pharmacoequity measurement framework anchored in the patient medication-use journey. The framework includes the following domains: (1) access to health care services, (2) prescription generation, (3) primary medication nonadherence, (4) secondary medication nonadherence, and (5) medication monitoring. For each domain, we provide examples of outcome measures and potential data sources that can be used for evaluation. We also outline an implementation workflow of the pharmacoequity measurement framework that population health stakeholders can use across various settings (eg, health systems, health plans). The framework provides a structured approach to identify existing gaps in the path toward achieving pharmacoequity and lay the foundation for targeted interventions. Additionally, it enables ongoing monitoring of progress toward achieving pharmacoequity while identifying interventions that are effective, scalable, and sustainable.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginal health care expenditures for melanoma care in the United States.","authors":"Olajumoke A Olateju, Jieni Li, J Douglas Thornton, Rajender R Aparasu","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.12.1364","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.12.1364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The incidence of melanoma has increased significantly in the past few decades, posing a significant public health challenge. However, there is an evidence gap regarding the marginal costs of treating melanoma.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the marginal health care expenditures for melanoma compared with other nonskin cancers among US adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examined individuals aged 18 years or older with melanoma, nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), and other cancers from the 2011-2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey datasets. Direct health care expenditures involving hospital inpatient, outpatient, prescription medications, dental, vision, home health care, and other medical services for melanoma were analyzed using generalized linear models, and comparisons were made with expenditures for other types of cancers while adjusting for other patient characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 0.70 million individuals (95% CI = 0.61-0.78) diagnosed with melanoma annually. Total health care expenditures among individuals with melanoma, NMSC, and other cancers were $19,427, $13,744, and $23,741, respectively. A generally increasing trend of expenditure was observed over the years. Notably, office-based care (30.46%), inpatient services (28.78%), and prescription (18.27%) costs primarily accounted for the health care burden of patients with melanoma. Adjusted marginal total health care expenditures for melanoma were found to be lower ($-3,369.01 [95% CI = -$5,934.15 to -$803.85]) than other cancers but higher ($2,844.75 [95% CI = $2,204.77-$3,484.72]) compared with NMSC. Prescription expenditures were similar across the 3 cancer study groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study found that adjusted marginal expenditures for melanoma were higher than those with NMSC but lower than other nonskin cancers, with office-based care and inpatient expenditures contributing to most of the expenditures. The findings suggest that concerted efforts are needed to control the primary cost drivers to reduce the associated burden of potentially preventable skin cancer like melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 12","pages":"1364-1374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11607212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142755146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}