Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Cheaper is not always better: Drug shortages in the United States and a value-based solution to alleviate them.","authors":"Inmaculada Hernandez, Sean D Sullivan, Ryan N Hansen, A Mark Fendrick","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.719","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drug shortages threaten patients' access to medications and are associated with adverse health outcomes and increased costs. Drug shortages disproportionately occur among generic drugs of limited profitability, most notably drugs administered by injection. In this perspective, we discuss how reimbursement and purchasing practices that were meant to create an efficient marketplace for generics have generated strong price pressure that threatens profitability in certain markets. We further explain how, faced with limited profitability, manufacturers lack incentives to invest in resilient supply chains, and in some cases, engage in cost-containment strategies or decide to exit the market, ultimately contributing to shortages. We propose the development and implementation of value-based reimbursement to provide needed incentives for drug purchasers and manufacturers to establish a more reliable supply chain as part of the policy solution to reduce the number and extent of drug shortages. This reimbursement model would necessitate the development of a rating system that measures supply chain resilience and maturity for each generic product. This rating would then be applied as a value-based modifier to reimbursement rates for generic products. The proposed model would result in higher reimbursement rates for generic products from more dependable supply chains, generating incentives for manufacturers to invest in supply chain resiliency. We propose the application of this reimbursement system originally in Medicare given Congressional interest on reforming Medicare payment to prevent drug shortages.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 7","pages":"719-727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world economic burden associated with disease progression from metastatic castration-sensitive to castration-resistant prostate cancer on treatment in the United States.","authors":"Deborah R Kaye, Ibrahim Khilfeh, Erik Muser, Laura Morrison, Frederic Kinkead, Patrick Lefebvre, Dominic Pilon, Daniel J George","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.684","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.684","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The advent of next-generation imaging will likely reduce nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PC) prevalence and increase identification of metastatic prostate cancer cases, resulting in two predominant advanced stages in the metastatic setting. There is a need to characterize changes in health care resource utilization (HRU) and costs when metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC) progresses to metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) to identify value drivers from current and new treatments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To describe treatment patterns, HRU, and total health care costs among patients with mCSPC, before and after progression to mCRPC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Clinical data from the Flatiron Metastatic PC Core Registry (January 1, 2013, to December 1, 2021) and linked claims from Komodo Health (January 1, 2014, to December 1, 2021) were used to identify patients with progression from mCSPC to mCRPC (date of progression was the index date) and subsequently initiated first-line mCRPC therapy on/after January 1, 2017. Treatment patterns and all-cause/PC-related HRU and health care costs were described per-patient-per-month (PPPM), separately for no more than 12 months pre-index (mCSPC disease state) and post-index (mCRPC disease state). Costs (payer's perspective) included those for services/procedures from medical claims and costs from pharmacy claims. Continuous HRU and costs were compared between the mCSPC and mCRPC disease states using Wilcoxon signed rank tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among 296 patients with mCSPC progressing to mCRPC (median age 69.0 years, 60.5% White, 15.9% Black), use of systemic therapies with androgen deprivation therapy increased dramatically from 35.1% in the mCSPC disease state to 92.9% in the mCRPC disease state, and use of androgen deprivation therapy monotherapy decreased from 25.7% to 2.4%, respectively. Although 39.2% received none of these therapies in the mCSPC disease state, this proportion decreased to 4.7% after transition to mCRPC. The mean number of days with PC-related outpatient visits increased from 1.57 to 2.16 PPPM in the mCSPC and mCRPC disease states (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). From the mCSPC to mCRPC disease states, mean all-cause total health care costs PPPM increased from $4,424 (medical costs: $2,846) to $9,717 (medical costs: $4,654), and mean PC-related total health care costs PPPM increased from $2,859 (medical costs: $1,626) to $8,012 (medical costs: $3,285; all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;In this real-world study of patients with disease progression from mCSPC to mCRPC in US clinical practice, nearly 2-in-3 patients did not receive treatment with additional systemic therapies before progression to castration resistance. Post-progression, mean PC-related total costs increased nearly 3-fold, with a more than 2-fold increase in PC-related medical costs. Use of additional systemic therapies may delay the time and","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 7","pages":"684-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reducing disparities in medication use: Responding to managed care pharmacy's imperatives.","authors":"Susan A Cantrell","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.747","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although disparities and inequities in health status and access to health care services have long existed in our nation, the COVID-19 pandemic cast a bright spotlight on them. Communities of color and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations were disproportionally affected by the pandemic. These same populations suffer from higher prevalences of chronic illnesses, which puts them at greater risk for poor outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2. At long last, in the wake of the pandemic, the health care community began to acknowledge improving health equity as a public health imperative. In a November 2020 <i>JMCP</i> Viewpoints article, Dr Stephen Kogut of the University of Rhode Island College of Pharmacy presented an insightful analysis of disparities in medication use (DMU) and offered 4 suggestions on how the managed care pharmacy community can help eliminate DMU. This Viewpoints article assesses what progress has been made in addressing those imperatives and proposes further steps that should be taken. Although the managed care pharmacy community has broadly acknowledged the existence of DMU and taken steps to mitigate them, there is much work to do in examining and improving benefit design and coverage policies; collecting and reporting data on race and ethnicity and DMU; incorporating the perspectives of patients, including those representing minority populations, in benefit design and coverage policies; and addressing the challenges associated with traditional cost-sharing models. The entire managed care pharmacy community, including AMCP and other membership organizations, must remain steadfast in its efforts to improve health equity and eliminate DMU.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 7","pages":"747-751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons for switching oral antipsychotic medications and related patterns of care and costs in patients with schizophrenia initiating monotherapy treatment: Claims-linked chart study.","authors":"Rebecca Fee, Noah Webb, Laura Dick, John White, Breanna Essoi, Valery Walker, Christopher Zacker","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.23319","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.23319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Antipsychotic switching is frequent in schizophrenia and is associated with poor clinical outcomes, increased health care resource utilization (HCRU), and increased health care costs. Research describing the reasons for antipsychotic switching in patients with schizophrenia and the associated impacts on HCRU and costs is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the reasons for oral antipsychotic medication (OAM) switching and describe HCRU and costs associated with OAM switching, stratified by reasons for switching, in patients with commercial or Medicare Advantage insurance in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study used medical and pharmacy claims from the Optum Research Database linked to patient medical chart data. Adults with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who initiated OAM monotherapy between January 1, 2015, and June 30, 2021, and switched from their initial OAM monotherapy to a second one were included. Reasons for OAM switching were recorded from medical charts abstracted between 4 months preceding and 2 months following the patient's switch date. HCRU and costs incurred up to 3 months before and 3 months after the OAM switch were stratified and compared by reasons for switching among individuals who switched OAM monotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 134 patients with valid, abstracted charts, the 2 most common reasons for switching were lack of efficacy (57.5% of switches) and at least 1 tolerability issue (41.8%). Mutually exclusive categories of switching reasons included lack of efficacy and no tolerability issues (56/134; 41.8%), tolerability and no efficacy issues (35/134; 26.1%), lack of efficacy and tolerability issues (21/134; 15.7%), and other or unknown (22/134; 16.4%). All-cause and schizophrenia-related HCRU and costs in any health services category did not appear to differ across the reason-for-switching cohorts, with costs for inpatient stays accounting for greater than half of the total costs, regardless of switching reason.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide insight on patient experiences that contribute to OAM switching, with nearly half of patients switching because of lack of efficacy, more than one-fourth because of tolerability issues, and an additional one-sixth for reasons of both efficacy and tolerability. Health care providers should address patients' expectations regarding OAM effectiveness, symptom resolution, and side effect tolerability at treatment initiation to minimize switching before the medication has reached peak effectiveness. Prescribing access to a broad selection of antipsychotics with different side effect profiles may help physicians better match treatment to individual patients, fostering greater acceptance of therapy, increased medication adherence, and better long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":"698-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11217866/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the management of inherited blood disorders in a changing market: Findings from the AMCP Market Insights Program.","authors":"Terry Richardson, Michelle Rice, Ryan Haumschild, Debbie Hoffer, Sal Morana, John Watkins","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7-a.s1","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7-a.s1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this market insights program, AMCP brought together a panel of experts representing various stakeholders: national and regional health plans, integrated health care systems, employer benefits groups, clinical experts, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and patient advocacy organizations. The objectives were to gain insights into the current and evolving treatments in hemophilia, sickle cell disease, and β-thalassemia; measure the effects of recently approved therapies on clinicians, payers, and patients; recognize emerging trends within the stop-loss market; address potential issues and obstacles related to monitoring and reporting outcomes; and identify concerns associated with both existing and emerging contracting and reimbursement models. This article aims to summarize expert perspectives on health care system challenges and strategies concerning the management of inherited blood disorders and to advance managed care professionals' understanding of their role in supporting care for these patients. The experts emphasized that when shaping coverage policies, a patient-centered approach is crucial, focusing on preserving organ function to maintain eligibility for future gene therapies among individuals with inherited blood disorders. These strategies, including benefit design modifications, specialized provider networks, and centralized mechanisms like registries, are vital for evaluating effectiveness, facilitating decision-making, and managing costs and risks associated with new and emerging treatment options for inherited blood disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 7-a Suppl","pages":"S1-S12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11219340/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world clinical and economic outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer enrolled in a clinical trial following comprehensive genomic profiling via liquid biopsy.","authors":"Julie A Wiedower, Shaun P Forbes, L Jill Tsai, Jiemin Liao, Luis E Raez","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.660","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.7.660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oncology clinical trial enrollment is strongly recommended for patients with cancer who are not eligible for established and approved therapies. Many trials are specific to biomarker-targeted therapies, which are typically managed as specialty pharmacy services. Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of advanced cancers has been shown to detect biomarkers, guide targeted treatment, improve outcomes, and result in the clinical trial enrollment of patients, which is modeled to offset pharmacy costs experienced by US payers, yet payer policy coverage remains inconsistent. A common concern limiting coverage of CGP by payers is the potential of identifying biomarkers beyond guideline-recommended treatments, which creates a perception that insurance companies are being positioned to \"pay for research.\" However, these biomarkers can increase clinical trial eligibility, and specialty pharmacy management may have an interest in maximizing the clinical trial enrollment of members.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate if clinical trial enrollment following liquid biopsy CGP for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is clinically and/or economically impactful from a payer claims perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and economic outcomes were studied using a real-world clinical genomic database (including payer claims data) from patients with NSCLC who enrolled in clinical trials immediately following liquid biopsy CGP (using Guardant360) and matched NSCLC patient controls also tested with liquid biopsy CGP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Real-world overall survival was significantly (log-rank <i>P</i> < 0.0001) better for patients enrolled in clinical trials with similar costs of care, albeit with more outpatient encounters among those enrolled compared with matched controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results, together with previous analyses, suggest that, in addition to the clinical benefits associated with targeted therapies directed by CGP and other testing approaches, payers and specialty pharmacy managers may consider clinical trial direction and enrollment as a clinical and economic benefit of liquid biopsy CGP and adopt this into coverage decision frameworks and formularies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 7","pages":"660-671"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11220364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting long-term clinical outcomes with larotrectinib compared with immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer and differentiated thyroid cancer.","authors":"Kangho Suh, Ashley Kang, Gilbert Ko, Todd Williamson, Nick Liao, Sean D Sullivan","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.581","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Larotrectinib is approved for patients with advanced <i>NTRK</i> gene fusion-positive solid tumors. Prior studies demonstrated promising results with larotrectinib compared with other systemic therapy. However, comparisons to checkpoint inhibitors, such as nivolumab or pembrolizumab, have not been done.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate and compare expected life-years (LYs) and quality-adjusted LYs (QALYs) for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) eligible for larotrectinib vs patients with unknown <i>NTRK</i> gene fusion status on nivolumab or pembrolizumab. We also assessed patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), as pembrolizumab may be considered in certain circumstances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed partitioned survival models to project long-term comparative effectiveness of larotrectinib vs nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Larotrectinib survival data were derived from an updated July 2021 analysis of 21 adult patients (≥18 years of age) with metastatic <i>NTRK</i> gene fusion-positive NSCLC and 21 with DTC. Survival inputs for nivolumab and pembrolizumab were obtained from published articles. Progression-free and overall survival were estimated using survival distributions (Exponential, Weibull, Log-logistic, and Log-normal). Exponential fits were chosen based on goodness-of-fit and clinical plausibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In NSCLC, larotrectinib resulted in gains of 5.87 and 5.91 LYs compared to nivolumab and pembrolizumab, respectively, which translated to gains of 3.53 and 3.56 QALYs. In DTC, larotrectinib resulted in a gain of 5.23 LYs and 4.24 QALYs compared to pembrolizumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In metastatic NSCLC and DTC, larotrectinib may produce substantial life expectancy and QALY gains compared to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Additional data with longer follow-up will further inform this comparison.</p>","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 6","pages":"581-587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adherence, health care utilization, and costs between long-acting injectable and oral antipsychotic medications in South Carolina Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia.","authors":"Chao Cai, Chris Kozma, Charmi Patel, Carmela Benson, Ismaeel Yunusa, Pujing Zhao, Gene Reeder, Meera Narasimhan, Robert L Bank","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.549","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.549","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder require long-term antipsychotic treatment with antipsychotic medications, but poor medication adherence can lead to increased health care utilization and costs. Long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) offer potential therapeutic advantages in that they require less frequent dosing and improved medication adherence. South Carolina has the highest adoption of LAIs among US states, making it an ideal population for comparing the effectiveness of LAIs vs oral antipsychotics (OAPs) in treating schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the effect of LAIs compared with OAPs on medication adherence, health care resource utilization, and costs among South Carolina Medicaid beneficiaries with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;South Carolina Medicaid beneficiaries with at least 1 claim for an LAI or OAP between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2018, aged 18 to 65, with at least 2 claims with diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were included. Propensity scores (PSs) were calculated using logistic regression adjusting for confounders and predictors of the outcome. We estimated the \"average treatment effect on the treated\" by employing PS-weighted t-tests and chi-square tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 3,531 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 1,537 (44.5%) treated with LAIs and 1,994 (56.5%) treated with OAPs. In PS-weighted analyses, the LAI cohort had a greater proportion of days covered than the OAP cohort with a 365-day fixed denominator (69% vs 64%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), higher medication possession ratio with a variable denominator while on therapy (85% vs 80%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001), and higher persistence (82% vs 64%; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). The average number of inpatient visits and emergency department visits did not significantly differ between cohorts (0.28 hospitalizations, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.90; 3.68 vs 2.96 emergency department visits, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.19). The number of outpatient visits, including visits for medication administration, were greater in the LAI cohort (23.1 [SD 24.2]) vs OAP (16.9 [SD 21.2]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001); however, including the costs for medication administration visits, outpatient costs (per member) were approximately $2,500 lower in the LAI cohort (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). The number of pharmacy visits was greater in the OAP cohort (LAI 21.0 [SD 17.0] vs OAP 23.0 [SD 15.0]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006). All-cause total costs were greater in the LAI cohort ($26,025 [SD $29,909]) vs the OAP cohort ($17,291 [SD $25,261]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001) and were driven by the difference in pharmaceutical costs (LAI $15,273 [SD $16,183] vs OAP $4,696 [SD $10,371]; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Among South Carolina Medicaid beneficiaries, treatment with LAIs for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder was associated with greater medication ","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 6","pages":"549-559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KarXT for schizophrenia-effectiveness and value: A summary from the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review's New England Comparative Effectiveness Public Advisory Council.","authors":"Avery McKenna, Jeffrey A Tice, Melanie D Whittington, Abigail C Wright, Marina Richardson, Finn R Raymond, Steven D Pearson, David M Rind, Foluso Agboola","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.624","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.624","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 6","pages":"624-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11144989/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of real-world evidence in Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' future price negotiations: Recommendations for a robust framework.","authors":"Ashley Jaksa, Patrick J Arena","doi":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.604","DOIUrl":"10.18553/jmcp.2024.30.6.604","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16170,"journal":{"name":"Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy","volume":"30 6","pages":"604-607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11145000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}