Journal of Luminescence最新文献

{"title":"Luminescent ammunition marking with the Eu(btfa)3bipy complex: gunshot residue detection and prospects for time-since-discharge estimation","authors":"Írinan Barbosa de França ,&nbsp;Thiago Antônio de Souza Correia ,&nbsp;Victória Costa ,&nbsp;Diego Flosi Silva ,&nbsp;José Petrúcio Martins Barbosa ,&nbsp;Severino Alves Júnior ,&nbsp;Ingrid Távora Weber ,&nbsp;Marcella Auxiliadora de Melo Lucena","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of gunshot residues (GSR) from non-toxic ammunition represents a significant challenge in forensic science due to the absence of metallic elements traditionally used as markers. In this context, the incorporation of luminescent markers into ammunition has emerged as a promising alternative. In this work, the β-diketonate complex Eu(btfa)₃bipy was synthesized via a scalable reflux method, characterized, and evaluated as GSR marker. The coordination of the Eu³⁺ ion to the ligands was confirmed by FTIR, and SEM analysis revealed crystallization into irregular three-dimensional blocks. Under UV radiation, the complex exhibited intense red emission, with the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition being the most prominent. It also showed high quantum efficiency (74 %). After discharge of ammunition containing the complex, luminescent gunshot residues (LGSR) were clearly visible on the shooter's hand, firearm, and target, using only a low-power portable UV lamp. SEM/EDS analysis confirmed the presence of both conventional GSR and Eu(btfa)₃bipy complex, which maintained its original morphology after firing. Additionally, LGSR retained the characteristic ⁵D₀→⁷F_J transition of Eu³⁺ ion even after discharge. Finally, the photostability of the complex under prolonged irradiation was assessed using two distinct light sources. The excitation spectra and asymmetry ratio (R) were found to be dependent on irradiation time. Although further studies are needed, the observed spectral changes may support estimation of the time since discharge. These findings highlight a new forensic application for the Eu³⁺ complex, combining visual detection, chemical identification, and time-since-discharge estimation in a single system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxime-functionalized [Ir(C1^N1)(C2^N2)(O^O)]-tris-heteroleptic Ir(III)-complex towards efficient near-infrared (NIR) phosphorescence and singlet oxygen generation","authors":"Hanqian Meng ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Qinglin Chen ,&nbsp;Youquan Chen ,&nbsp;Sicheng Yao ,&nbsp;Guorui Fu ,&nbsp;Yongquan Wu ,&nbsp;Lingmin Pei ,&nbsp;Xingqiang Lü","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of efficient near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer based on the Ir(III)-complexes is highly challenging due to the limitation of the “energy gap law”. In this work, we successfully developed a novel oxime-functionalized <em>tris</em>-heteroleptic Ir(III)-complex [Ir(iqbt)(pbao)(acac)] (<strong>2</strong>) with excellent NIR-luminescence (<em>λ</em>_em^Max = 719 nm and <em>Φ</em>_PL = 2.3 %) via the post-modification from the precursor [Ir(iqbt)(pba)(acac)] (<strong>1</strong>). Intriguingly, besides the augmented ³MLCT effect, the large efficiency (2.3 %) should be further beneficial from the suppressed non-radiative deactivation with the terminal oxime group in a restrictive <em>E</em> conformation. Moreover, the oxime-functionalized Ir(III)-complex <strong>2</strong> was demonstrated to have high singlet oxygen (¹O₂) quantum efficiency of 0.56, minimal dark cytotoxicity while distinct phototoxicity (IC₅₀ value = 5.55 μM), against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yb3+-mediated white upconversion and high-sensitivity thermometry of Er3+, Yb3+, Tm3+ doped YNbO4 phosphors under 808 nm excitation","authors":"Na Zhou,&nbsp;Qi Xiao,&nbsp;Chuan Sang,&nbsp;Yunze Liu,&nbsp;Ziyi Zhao,&nbsp;Weijie Li,&nbsp;Xingyu Wu,&nbsp;Xinyao Dong,&nbsp;Xiumei Yin,&nbsp;Xixian Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A series of YNbO₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ is prepared by the solid-state reaction method. No significant structure changes are found in prepared samples by X-ray diffraction characterization. Blue, green and red emissions of ¹G₄→³H₆ for Tm³⁺, and ²H_11/2/⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2, ⁴F_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2 for Er³⁺ can be obtained in Er³⁺,Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ co-doped system under 808 nm excitation, and the upconversion mechanism are investigated in detail. Complex energy transfer and cross relaxation make it difficult for Er³⁺,Tm³⁺ system to bring Tm³⁺ blue emission of ¹G₄→³H₆, whereas the Yb³⁺ mediated effect plays a key role in the population of blue emitting level for Tm³⁺. Moreover, YNbO₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺,Tm³⁺ can realize thermometry with high sensitivity performance of 7.7 × 10⁻³ K⁻¹ for <em>S</em>_<em>A</em> and 1.2 % K⁻¹ for <em>S</em>_<em>R</em>. The tri-doped system showing excellent color tunability can achieve multi-color upconversion luminescence including white light emission, which has the potential to be applied in solid-state displays, optical thermometry and light-emitting diodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement mechanisms of luminescence and scintillation behaviors in Tb3+-doped silicoborate glass through Gd2O3 addition","authors":"N. Intachai ,&nbsp;W. Rachniyom ,&nbsp;A. Angnanon ,&nbsp;N. Wantana ,&nbsp;H.J. Kim ,&nbsp;M. Tungjai ,&nbsp;S. Kothan ,&nbsp;J. Kaewkhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, effect of Gd₂O₃ on luminescence and scintillation behaviors of Tb³⁺ doped in silicoborate glass scintillator were investigated. Glasses were synthesized by standard melt quenching technique in the formula of xGd₂O₃ – (10–x)SrO – 20La₂O₃ – 10Ta₂O₅ – 10SiO₂ – 43B₂O₃ – 7Tb₂O₃, where x = 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 mol%. The inclusion of Gd₂O₃ in the glass matrix results in a higher density and an increased effective atomic number, thereby enhancing the interaction of X-ray within the glass. Gd³⁺ ion also shows energy transfer to Tb³⁺ ion, which can be proofed by decay time and emission intensity analysis of Gd³⁺ emission. Photoluminescence (PL) result shows highest emission intensity at 6.0 % mol of Gd₂O₃ and, which corespond to fastest PL decay time of Gd³⁺ (ex = 275 nm, em = 311 nm), reflecting that highest energy transfer occurred at this concerentration. Scintillation light was observed through radioluminescence spectra investigation, with higher scintillation intensity associated with increased Gd₂O₃ concentration, reaching a maximum at 8.0 % mol of Gd₂O₃. The scintillation light is 30.84 % of BGO crystal. Scintillation decay profile was observed using pulse X-ray excitation and similar values in the range of millisecond with PL decay time were observed. The X-ray imaging was conducted using developed glass as a scintillator, which demonstrated superior spatial resolution (15.7 lp/mm) compared to the BGO crystal. This study indicates the potential of Gd³⁺ ions to enhance scintillation and X-ray imaging performance in glass scintillators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tb3+→Eu3+ energy transfer and tunable photoluminescence in Ca3WO6:Tb3+, Eu3+ co-doped double perovskite","authors":"U.V.B.B. Krishna Prasad ,&nbsp;Naresh Degda ,&nbsp;K. Jyothi ,&nbsp;K.V.R. Murthy","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy transfer mechanism and color-tunable photoluminescence (PL) properties of Ca₃WO₆:0.1 Tb³⁺, yEu³⁺ phosphors were systematically investigated and discussed. The PL spectra of the co-doped phosphor predominantly highlighted the green emission centred at 545 nm, originating from the Tb³⁺ (⁵D₄→⁷F₅) transitions, and red emission at 616 nm, attributed to the Eu³⁺ (⁵D₀→⁷F₂) transitions. Upon excitation at 278 nm, a notable enhancement in Eu³⁺ red emission was observed, facilitated by energy transfer (ET) from Tb³⁺ ions acting as sensitizers to Eu³⁺ activators. This energy transfer process from Tb³⁺ → Eu³⁺ enabled effective modulation of the emission color, shifting from green to orange-red, depending on the Eu³⁺ concentration. To understand the ET dynamics, several characterization techniques were employed, including the calculation of energy transfer efficiency, calculation of critical transfer distance, and analysis of PL decay lifetimes. The highest value of the energy transfer (77.43 %) was achieved for Eu³⁺ doping reaches to its maximum at 0.1 %. The specific reason of the energy transfer and concentration quenching phenomena was discussed by means of the Dexter's theory. Consistency across the various approaches (intensity variation and decay lifetime) confirmed the reliability of the ET efficiency evaluation. Furthermore, a simplified energy level diagram was constructed for the Tb³⁺-Eu³⁺ co-doped system to illustrate the energy transfer pathways and the associated emission transitions, offering a clearer understanding of the primary luminescence mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A computational approach of the influence of Eu3+ doping on the optical properties of Na2MSiO4 (M = Mg, Zn) compound","authors":"Carlos H.P. Silva,&nbsp;Joéslei L.O. Lucena,&nbsp;Bruno R. de Mesquita,&nbsp;Marcos V.dos S. Rezende","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical and defect properties of Eu³⁺ substitution on the crystal structure of Na₂MSiO₄ (M = Mg, Zn) were investigated using computational modeling. The study of intrinsic defect revealed that defects involve anionic vacancies and Frenkel-type defects are the most favorable to occur. For Eu³⁺ doping, charge compensation occurs predominantly via antisite defects (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>Na</mtext><mi>M</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>), together with the substitution of Eu³⁺ at the divalent cation site. The results also reveal that the local distortions caused by Eu³⁺ result in a slightly altered C₃ symmetry. These results contribute to the understanding of the optical properties of lanthanide-doped compounds and can be used to design new luminescent materials for technological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145107201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonium bromide as a saturable absorbing device for ultrafast photonics","authors":"Norita Mohd Yusoff ,&nbsp;Josephine Liew Ying Chyi ,&nbsp;Eng Khoon Ng ,&nbsp;Han Kee Lee ,&nbsp;Mohd Zul Hilmi Mayzan ,&nbsp;Mohammed Thamer Alresheedi ,&nbsp;Nadiah Husseini Zainol Abidin ,&nbsp;Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain ,&nbsp;Mohd Adzir Mahdi","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We demonstrate an ammonium bromide/polydimethylsiloxane (NH₄Br/PDMS) composite as a saturable absorbing device, exhibiting a modulation depth of 9.3% and a saturation fluence of 102 μJ/cm² at 1.56 μm wavelength. The laser cavity design was experimentally optimized by strategically arranging passive optical components, specifically by placing the optical coupler immediately between the amplifying section and the NH₄Br/PDMS-based saturable absorber. This laser setup achieved a low threshold power of 20.77 mW and delivered near transform-limited pulses with a narrowest width of 713 fs, producing an average output power of 10.72 mW and a pulse energy of 0.99 nJ. The robustness of the NH₄Br-based saturable absorber device was validated through a total monitoring period of 40 h, a damage threshold of greater than 16.40 mJ/cm², and continued functionality even after three years of fabrication. This work provides a pathway for the transition from laboratory research to commercial applications, and offers a valuable guideline for designing ultrafast pulse fiber laser systems. Since this work focused on optimizing an erbium-doped fiber (HP980 from Lucent Technologies) with a group velocity dispersion of +23 ps²/km, slight modifications might be necessary for other erbium-doped fibers to achieve optimum pulse performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-performance multiparametric luminescent thermometer: Dy3+-doped sodium alumino-borate glass","authors":"Aleksandar Ćirić ,&nbsp;Aytaç Gürhan Gökçe ,&nbsp;Melis Gökçe ,&nbsp;Sanja Kuzman ,&nbsp;Zoran Ristić ,&nbsp;Bojana Milićević ,&nbsp;Deniz Koçyiğit ,&nbsp;Miroslav D. Dramićanin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a comprehensive study of high-performance multiparametric luminescent thermometry using Dy³⁺-doped sodium alumino-borate glass. The glass was synthesized via the melt-quenching method and characterized structurally and optically. Temperature-dependent luminescence properties were investigated, focusing on the luminescence intensity ratio (LIR) of thermally coupled Dy³⁺ transitions, as well as emission bandwidth and line shift. The Judd-Ofelt model was applied to interpret the thermometric behaviour, showing excellent agreement with experimental results. While the luminescence lifetime remained temperature-invariant, making the material unsuitable for lifetime-based thermometry, steady-state spectral features provided high sensitivity and precision. Multiparametric approaches, including multiple linear regression (MLR) and sensor fusion (SF), were employed to combine different readouts, resulting in enhanced temperature resolution and robustness. The sensor fusion method, in particular, outperformed individual and MLR-based approaches, achieving sub-kelvin temperature resolution at all temperatures. These findings demonstrate that Dy³⁺-doped sodium alumino-borate glass is a promising candidate for reliable, high-precision luminescent thermometry in demanding environments and the power of multiparametric methods MLR and SF over the individual parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced UVC upconversion luminescence in Pr3+-doped eulytite-type phosphates","authors":"Alexander Grippa ,&nbsp;Nadiia Rebrova ,&nbsp;Patrycja Zdeb-Stańczykowska ,&nbsp;Przemysław J. Dereń","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UVC radiation's strong antiseptic properties make it ideal for water and surface decontamination, underscoring the need for new UVC-generating materials. In this work, Pr³⁺-doped Ba₃La(PO₄)₃ and Ba_2.5La_1.5(PO₄)_2.5(SiO₄)_0.5 phosphors were synthesized via the Pechini method, and their structural and luminescent properties were investigated. Both compounds crystallize in a cubic eulytite-type structure and exhibit stronger ¹D₂ → ³H₄ (575–645 nm) emission than the ³P₀ → ³H₄ (465–505 nm) transition. Under UV excitation, efficient 5d–4f emission is observed, while 444 nm laser excitation induces UVC upconversion via a two-photon process dominated by excited-state absorption (ESA). Optimal upconversion occurs at 1.5 % Pr³⁺ doping, with Ba_2.5La_1.5(PO₄)_2.5(SiO₄)_0.5 showing ∼30 % higher intensity than Ba₃La(PO₄)₃ due to enhanced local disorder and crystal field effects. These materials outperform YPO₄:Pr³⁺ phosphate in upconversion emission, highlighting their potential for use in UVC-emitting devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121541"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced luminescence, crystal field optimization and stability of a novel Mg2+ and Mn4+ co-doped K2NaInF6 red phosphor for application in high-performance warm WLEDs","authors":"Haiqing Su ,&nbsp;Jiatong Zhou ,&nbsp;Zengxin Xie ,&nbsp;Feng Hong ,&nbsp;Ping An ,&nbsp;Haodong Zhao ,&nbsp;Ziyu Chen ,&nbsp;Shuang Yan ,&nbsp;Hai Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121543","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jlumin.2025.121543","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mn⁴⁺-activated fluoride red phosphors hold great promise for enhancing the light quality of white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, their practical application is severely hampered by relatively low fluorescence intensity. To solve this problem, this study presents an innovative crystal field optimization strategy based on the ion-pair substitution mechanism (Mn⁴⁺ + Mg²⁺ → In³⁺ + In³⁺) to improve the photoluminescence performance of K₂NaInF₆:Mn⁴⁺ red phosphor. Given the purity of the crystal phase, an effective water bath co-precipitation method is used to synthesize a series of K₂NaInF₆:Mn⁴⁺,Mg²⁺ red phosphors. The comprehensive characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), are employed to systematically analyze the crystal structure, morphology and composition. Under blue light excitation, the as-prepared phosphors exhibit outstanding optical performance, characterized by a low correlated color temperature and high color purity. The optimal amount of HF used and the doping concentrations of Mg²⁺ or Mn⁴⁺ ions have been verified through extensive experiments. Theoretical calculations are used to determine concentration quenching mechanism, crystal field strength and thermal quenching mechanism. Thermal stability measurements reveal that the photoluminescence intensity of the phosphors can maintain 44 % of its initial value at 303 K even at an elevated temperature of 423 K. Additionally, a series of optical parameters, such as excitation energy, chromaticity shift, and chromaticity variation, are systematically calculated. Surprisingly, after 90 min of immersion in water, the luminescence intensity of the K₂NaInF₆:Mn⁴⁺,Mg²⁺ phosphor can be maintained at 91.55 % of its initial value. Most significantly, a high-performance warm WLED is successfully fabricated using K₂NaInF₆:Mn⁴⁺,Mg²⁺ as the red phosphor component. Notably, the warm WLED can maintain stable luminous performance under high driving currents, highlighting its potential for practical applications. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the rational design of novel and highly efficient red-emitting fluoride phosphors, which are essential for advancing the development of high-quality warm WLEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16159,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Luminescence","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 121543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145061023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}