Vincent Ficarrotta, Tanner C Myers, Caroline Francescutti, Brian A Counterman
{"title":"Ultraviolet reflectance accompanies classical aposematic palette in Delias butterflies (family: Pieridae).","authors":"Vincent Ficarrotta, Tanner C Myers, Caroline Francescutti, Brian A Counterman","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultraviolet (UV) reflectance has been widely documented in butterflies, primarily in the context of sexual signaling. Here, we document, for the first time, the presence of UV-reflective pattern elements in multiple species of the aposematic pierid genus Delias. Importantly, these UV elements occur on the ventral wing surface and are spatially integrated within classical aposematic color patterns. We conducted a comparative survey across ∼28 species and combined reflectance spectroscopy, chemical depigmentation of pterin scales, absorbance measurements, and microscopy to investigate the structural basis of this signal. Experimental removal of pterin pigments increased short-wavelength reflectance and produced UV reflectance visually similar to naturally occurring UV pattern elements. Microscopy revealed reduced pigment granulation in UV-reflective scales but did not detect highly ordered multilayer ridge architectures typical of scales reflecting iridescent UV in pierids. These findings indicate that UV reflectance in Delias is consistent with pigment-mediated modulation of broadband scattering of epicuticular compounds rather than previously described iridescent multilayer interference. The experimental manipulation of pigment occurrence demonstrates how modification of scale chemistry alters visual sensory output, highlighting a previously unrecognized component of aposematic coloration in this speciose genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hathal M Al Dhafer, Mahmoud S Abdel-Dayem, Xiao-Ling Lin, Qi Fang, Ioannis Eleftherianos, Amr Mohamed, Rui-E Nie
{"title":"Characterization of the complete mitogenomes of two species of Eumolpinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and phylogenetic insights.","authors":"Hathal M Al Dhafer, Mahmoud S Abdel-Dayem, Xiao-Ling Lin, Qi Fang, Ioannis Eleftherianos, Amr Mohamed, Rui-E Nie","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The subfamily Eumolpinae holds substantial economic importance due to their plant-feeding habits. In this study, 2 complete mitochondrial genomes of eumolpine leaf beetles, Macrocoma budura Daccordi & Medvedev and Colasposoma grande grande (Lefèvre), were newly sequenced. Both mitogenomes possess the standard 37 mitochondrial genes and a large noncoding control region, and exhibit a highly conserved gene arrangement except for a diagnostic inversion of trnR (tRNA-Arg) and trnA (tRNA-Ala). The inversion of these 2 tRNAs has been reported previously in Eumolpinae and represents a potential subfamily-level synapomorphy. Most tRNAs adopt the typical cloverleaf conformation, with the exception of C. g. grande trnS1 (tRNA-Ser [AGN]), which lacks the DHU (dihydrouridine [tRNA structural domain]) arm, and the M. budura tRNA-Cys, which has a shortened D-loop, suggesting possible lineage-specific structural variation. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses recover C. g. grande within Euryopini, whereas M. budura is placed within Bromiini with an intratribal position that varies by dataset. These new mitogenomes not only contribute to the sparse genomic resources for Eumolpinae from arid regions but also demonstrate the value of mitochondrial gene order and sequence data to resolve species-level relationships and biogeographic histories within Chrysomelidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13143426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James R Hepler, Bonnie Ohler, Inana X Schutze, J Joe Hull, William Rodney Cooper
{"title":"Parasitism of Spissistilus festinus (Hemiptera: Membracidae) by Halictophagus jordani (Strepsiptera: Halictophagidae) in Arizona alfalfa fields.","authors":"James R Hepler, Bonnie Ohler, Inana X Schutze, J Joe Hull, William Rodney Cooper","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag046","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sweep net samples taken from alfalfa fields in Arizona contained 3-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), abundantly stylopized by an unknown strepsipteran parasitoid. Targeted sampling of S. festinus was conducted over a 2-wk period from October to November to determine the rate of parasitism and identify the parasitoid. Adult male parasitoids were reared for morphological identification. Additionally, representative male, female, and larval parasitoids were identified through COI barcoding gene sequencing. Strepsiptera were determined to be Halictophagus jordani (Pierce), previously reported only from eastern Texas and Louisiana, United States. All adult S. festinus and mature H. jordani were sexed and counted, and all apparently unstylopized hoppers were dissected to look for internal parasitoid larvae. Parasitism rates, parasitoid loads, and parasitoid sex ratios of both host sexes were compared. Overall, of 3,791 S. festinus examined, 1,092 (28.8%) bore mature H. jordani protruding between abdominal segments. A further 613 (16.2%) were found to contain internal larvae upon dissection, yielding a total stylopization rate of 45.0%. Male and female hoppers did not differ significantly in mature male, female, or total parasitoid load, though female hoppers were significantly more likely to be parasitized than male hoppers. Parasitoid infrapopulations showed evidence of segregation by parasitoid sex, but no relationship was detected between infrapopulation sex ratio and host sex. The size of an infrapopulation strongly predicted its sex ratio, which became more male-skewed with increasing size. These findings indicate that H. jordani is more widely distributed than previously believed and suggest its potential role in the biological control of S. festinus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13264498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gene expression of pea aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) salivary effectors changes based on feeding duration and plant species.","authors":"Lani Irvin, Jinlong Han, Vamsi Nalam, Cecilia Tamborindeguy, Susana Karen Gomez","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphids are agricultural pests that damage crops directly through feeding and indirectly by transmitting plant viruses. Central to their success are salivary effectors, secreted proteins that suppress plant defenses and facilitate nutrient uptake. Nonetheless, numerous salivary effectors remain uncharacterized to date. It is unclear whether effector gene expression patterns vary in response to factors such as feeding duration, aphid age, tissue type, and host plant. To address current knowledge gaps, we reared pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and 2 host plants, barrel medic (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.) and broad bean (Vicia faba Linnaeus), under a controlled environment. Next, we quantified the gene expression patterns of 2 well-characterized (C002 and Armet) and 2 less studied aphid salivary effectors (Apolipophorin and ACYPI006346). The results show that salivary effector gene expression declines by 72 h when switching hosts (V. faba to M. truncatula), although some effectors display fluctuating patterns between specific time points (24 vs 48 h and 48 vs 72 h) when switching hosts (V. faba to M. truncatula) or not (M. truncatula to M. truncatula). One-day-old aphids consistently exhibit higher gene expression levels than older individuals when fed on a single host (V. faba to V. faba). These findings highlight the importance of considering temporal dynamics, developmental stage, and host context in studies of aphid effector biology. Our findings lay a methodological foundation that supports the design of more consistent and informative transcriptomic experiments on aphid-plant interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13283480/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roukia Hammoudi, Farid Chebrouk, Hayet Benameur-Saggou, Hakim Belkhalfa, Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed, Mohamed Abou-Mustapha, Ahmed K Rashwan, Amged El-Harairy, Ahmed A A Aioub
{"title":"Chemical composition of Deverra scoparia essential oil under different drying conditions and its insecticidal properties against Parlatoria blanchardi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae).","authors":"Roukia Hammoudi, Farid Chebrouk, Hayet Benameur-Saggou, Hakim Belkhalfa, Mahfoud Hadj Mahammed, Mohamed Abou-Mustapha, Ahmed K Rashwan, Amged El-Harairy, Ahmed A A Aioub","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag034","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parlatoria blanchardi Targ. (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a destructive scale insect that causes serious damage to date palm plantations. The essential oil (EO) of Deverra scoparia Coss. & Durieu was investigated for its insecticidal activity against P. blanchardi under different drying methods. This is the first time to our knowledge that the insecticidal activity against P. blanchardi has been reported for the plant species D. scoparia. This study evaluates, for the first time, the bioactivity of D. scoparia EO, as well as its insecticidal activity against P. blanchardi under different drying techniques (air drying, sun drying, and microwave drying at 264, 400, and 800 W). The chemical composition of D. scoparia EO was identified and characterized using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, the responses of the target enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and 2 key detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), in P. blanchardi were investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. Our data showed that a total of 32 compounds were identified, with myristicin (43.44% to 69.73%), D-limonene (6.61% to 12.57%), dillapiole (0.74% to 10.87%), α-phellandrene (0.47% to 8.16%), and α-pinene (4.36% to 8.10%) as the dominant constituents. Insecticidal activity varied markedly with drying technique; microwave drying at 264 W produced the most toxic EO against adult stages (LC50 = 0.12 to 0.13 µl/ml), while sun-dried EO showed the highest efficacy against immature stages. Enzyme assays revealed that microwave-derived oils significantly increased AChE activity while strongly suppressing CarE and GST activities. Our findings suggest that this plant might be efficient as a potential alternative control agent for P. blanchardi.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13180648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147963919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Symbiont-mediated mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects.","authors":"Chao Lv, Qing Xia, Shuhai Yan","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insecticide resistance threatens sustainable agricultural intensification worldwide. Once regarded solely as a host-encoded evolutionary response, resistance is now known to be strongly influenced by microbial symbionts. Here, we synthesize recent advances showing that vertically and horizontally transmitted bacteria, fungi, and viruses modulate insect-toxicant interactions through 3 intertwined mechanisms: (i) direct enzymatic degradation of the active ingredient inside the gut lumen or hemocoel, (ii) transcriptional or posttranscriptional up-regulation of host detoxification gene networks (cytochrome P450s, carboxylesterases, and glutathione S-transferases), and (iii) epigenetic or immune-mediated priming that accelerates metabolic clearance while dampening insecticide-induced oxidative stress. Symbiont-mediated shifts in toxicity thresholds are context-dependent, varying with host genotype, symbiont strain, insecticide chemistry, and route of exposure. Symbionts may synergize with classical resistance mutations to produce super-resistant phenotypes, or conversely sensitize insects through pro-toxicant bioactivation. We propose an integrative \"symbiont-insecticide-host\" triangulation framework combining gnotobiotic manipulation, spatial metabolomics, and CRISPR-based microbial genetics to identify causal loci. Microbiome engineering through symbiont replacement, phage therapy or engineered plasmids offers a green resistance-management tool that lowers selection pressure on synthetic chemistries while preserving biocontrol compatibility. Clarifying these microbe-centered pathways is essential for predicting resistance trajectories and for designing durable, next-generation pest-control strategies aligned with food-security and environmental-quality goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13192351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abraão Almeida Santos, Nicolas Plante, Sarah Parceaud-May, Jordanne Jacques, Amélie Grégoire-Taillefer, Edel Pérez-López
{"title":"Exploring the diversity of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Eastern Canadian Arctic.","authors":"Abraão Almeida Santos, Nicolas Plante, Sarah Parceaud-May, Jordanne Jacques, Amélie Grégoire-Taillefer, Edel Pérez-López","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diversity of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in the Arctic is likely underestimated, limiting the ability to document community changes due to uncertainty in species occurrence and a lack of long-term monitoring data. The Nunavik Sentinels community science program documents pollinator diversity across the Boreal, Subarctic, and Arctic regions of Québec (Eeyou Istchee and Nunavik) and Newfoundland and Labrador (Nunatsiavut). Although not a target, leafhoppers were incidentally collected, providing a unique resource for surveying this overlooked taxon. Here, we report leafhoppers collected by the Nunavik Sentinels from 2018 to 2023, comprising 25 identified species and another 7 at the genus level. Out of the 25 species collected, 14 are new records for the Québec and Labrador region. Nearly all species have records in other provinces and territories, indicating extensive Boreal or Nearctic distributions. Species richness per site per year ranged from 1 to 12, with the highest diversity recorded in the Taiga Shield Subarctic (20 species). Species richness declined with increasing latitude, but notably, two species [Colladonus torneella (Zetterstedt) and Latalus missellus (Ball)] were found in the coldest Arctic ecozones. Our study provides the first baseline for leafhopper diversity in the Eastern Canadian Arctic, highlighting the value of citizen-science programs and Indigenous community knowledge in documenting and monitoring insect biodiversity amid the rapidly transforming Northern environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13262741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148239318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jairo Robla, Vera L Nunes, Iván Orois, Martiño Cabana, Jorge Rodríguez-Pérez, Omar Sánchez, Saúl R Rodríguez
{"title":"Echoes from northern Iberia: distribution, ecology, genetics, and identification of Asturian cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae).","authors":"Jairo Robla, Vera L Nunes, Iván Orois, Martiño Cabana, Jorge Rodríguez-Pérez, Omar Sánchez, Saúl R Rodríguez","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cicadas are a group of insects recognized for their distinctive life cycle and the stridulatory calls produced by males to attract females. While cicadas are commonly associated with thermophilic forests and xerophilic shrublands in Mediterranean regions, their distribution in temperate areas of Europe remains poorly understood. This study focuses on the cicadas of the northern Iberian Peninsula, specifically Asturias, characterized by a temperate climate. Over three years of fieldwork, we surveyed potential sites to locate cicada populations. Efforts were made to collect data on their habitat, ecology, and behavior. Acoustic recordings were used to characterize species-specific calling songs, and specimens were captured for genetic analyses. In addition, species distribution models were developed using climatic variables to assess potential habitat suitability across the region. We identified four cicada taxa-Cicada orni, Tibicina quadrisignata, Tettigettalna argentata, and Cicadetta sp.-primarily occupying forested habitats, native shrublands, and pine plantations. These species were found between 200 and 1,600 m a.s.l. and were acoustically active at temperatures above 18 to 21 °C, preferentially during sunny and low-wind conditions. Distribution models highlighted the warmest valleys of the study area as the most favorable for cicada occurrence, providing guidance for future sampling efforts. Furthermore, we provide the first genetic characterization of the cicada species detected in the region, which supports the morphological and acoustic identifications and reveals the presence of a putative new species of the genus Cicadetta. Finally, we outline conservation-relevant considerations for the preservation of cicada populations in temperate environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13387362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148361131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shi-Jie Wang, Jiao Wu, Xi-Zhe Yang, Min Zhao, Cheng-Ye Wang
{"title":"Mitogenome characteristics of two Tetragonula stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Hainan, China.","authors":"Shi-Jie Wang, Jiao Wu, Xi-Zhe Yang, Min Zhao, Cheng-Ye Wang","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of two ecologically important stingless bees, Tetragonula gressitti (Sakagami) and T. laeviceps (Smith), were sequenced and analyzed. Both species display the typical insect mitogenome structures but exhibit species-specific structural rearrangements and sequence variation. Their mitogenomes are AT-rich (81.5% and 75.2%, respectively), significantly influencing codon usage patterns. We identified novel features in tRNA and rRNA secondary structures, and observed gene rearrangements that exceed the typical conservatism in Hymenoptera, likely reflecting adaptation to distinct ecological pressures. Phylogenomic analyses robustly place both species within a monophyletic Meliponini clade, distinct from other Apoidea (Apis and Bombus), supporting their current taxonomic placement. These mitogenomes provide valuable resources for Meliponini phylogenetics and may inform conservation and utilization strategies for these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13236724/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148163534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Description of Gattollius gen. nov. (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), documenting a new morphological type of accessory gill.","authors":"Chanaporn Suttinun, Boonsatien Boonsoong","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag048","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieag048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new genus, Gattollius Suttinun & Boonsoong gen. nov. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae), is described from northern Thailand, together with a new species, Gattollius thailandicus Suttinun & Boonsoong sp. nov., based on all life stages. The nymph is unique within Baetidae in possessing accessory gills in 3 positions: a single gill on each side of the mentum, a single gill on each side between the coxa and prosternum, and a single gill at the inner proximal margin of the femur on all legs bearing a femoral patch. The adult is also distinctive in retaining accessory gills, including coxal gills in both subimago and imago, and femoral gills on each leg of the subimago. Persistence of accessory gills into the adult stage represents the first such record in Baetidae. This study further documents new type of femoral accessory gills in mayflies. These structures are not only inferred to function in respiration but also bearing femoral patch, and we propose the term \"femoral villopore gills\" for this specialized organ. The phylogenetic position of the genus is established, supporting its placement within the tribe Acentrellini, based on diagnostic characters observed across all life stages and may be closely related to the monotypic Asiobaetodes Gattolliat, 2012 from Borneo and the species Acentrella fimbriata Tungpairojwong, Phlai-ngam & Jacobus 2022 from Thailand.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}