Journal of Insect Science最新文献

{"title":"An approach for ambrosia beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) management: can low-cost detectors effectively identify ethanol emissions in flood-stressed trees?","authors":"Anju Poudel, Jason B Oliver, Cynthia Perkovich, Christopher M Ranger, Karla M Addesso","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small fungus-farming beetles that damage stressed nursery trees directly through tunneling and structural weakening, and indirectly by introducing pathogenic fungi. Stressed trees emit ethanol, which is the primary host-locating cue for ambrosia beetles. This study evaluated the efficacy of low-cost ethanol detectors as a solution for the early detection of flood-stressed trees susceptible to ambrosia beetle infestation. Experiments were conducted using 48 native dogwoods (Cornus florida L.) subjected to flooded or non-flooded conditions. The attacks of ambrosia beetles were significantly higher in flooded trees, indicating a clear preference and validating the use of flood stress as a reliable method for susceptibility assessment. Ethanol emitted from these trees was measured using low-cost alcohol saliva test strips and Dräger Pac 8000 personal gas detectors alongside a solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) for ethanol confirmation. In addition to stem tissue analysis for ethanol detection via SPME-GC-MS, we found that twig and root tissue samples can also be assessed effectively using low-cost detectors such as alcohol strips and Dräger devices. GC-MS, a reliable method for volatile compound identification and quantification, confirmed ethanol as the dominant volatile in flooded trees, with both low-cost detectors correlating positively with SPME-GC-MS results. These detectors could offer a rapid, cost-effective method for identifying trees at risk of ambrosia beetle attack. However, their accuracy can be limited by false positives, as some plant genera emit aromatic volatiles such as eugenol, which may interfere with ethanol detection. More work is needed to optimize these tools for use by nursery growers, consultants, and researchers as an early-warning system and aid in ambrosia beetle management decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096069/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in life history and morphological traits over 8 generations in the brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) under mass-rearing conditions.","authors":"Giacomo Bulgarini, Clara Frasconi Wendt, Manfred Wolf, Angelika Gruber, Leonardo Calabrò, Antonio Pignalosa, Stefanie Fischnaller","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf054","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing and establishing a permanent insect population under mass-rearing conditions is challenging, but it offers the opportunity to collect and compare life history, physiological, morphological, and behavioral traits in real-time and over multiple generations. Halyomorpha halys (Stål, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), a serious agricultural insect pest in northern Italy, was used to establish a permanent mass-rearing protocol under controlled abiotic conditions. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of permanent laboratory rearing on various life history and morphological traits over 8 generations. Development time and developmental success rate of the eggs and nymphal stages, fecundity, mortality rate and body size of the adults were documented. In general, a significant variability was observed in both developmental success rate and developmental time for eggs and juvenile stages, although without an obvious trend. In adults, on the other hand, a common trend in fecundity, number of egg masses and survival was observed. All 3 parameters exhibited a marked decline beginning in the second generation, followed by a significant recovery starting from the seventh generation, indicating potential laboratory adaptation. The body size, on the other hand, showed a slight decrease from the second generation that remained almost constant in subsequent generations. While the results demonstrate the clear success of a continuous H. halys mass-rearing, they also show the current challenges and limits of rearing this invasive insect species under laboratory conditions over several generations without the addition of new individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass-rearing and life history of Cyclocephala barrerai (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) and congeneric species.","authors":"Abraham Sanchez-Cruz, Patricia Villa-Ayala, Alfredo Jiménez-Pérez","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A major challenge in studying the biology of the Melolonthidae has been the lack of a consistent supply of organisms with known characteristics. This study aimed to develop a methodology for mass-rearing a Cyclocephala barrerai Martínez (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) colony over several laboratory generations. The mass-rearing was initiated with eggs from wild-collected adults; each developmental instar was reared under conditions suited to their environmental and nutritional needs. Insect survival, egg-adult cycle length, sex ratio, adult weight, and number of eggs laid by each female were recorded for each generation. The morphology of mass-rearing organisms was compared to that of the wild-collected specimens. A second cohort of organisms from the original generation was reared under identical conditions and their survival, duration, and morphometry of each larval instar were recorded weekly. These data were then compared to those from the original group to assess the impact of constant manipulation during the larval instar. The mass-rearing methodology proposed in this work successfully reared 3 generations of C. barrerai with an overall average egg-adult survival rate of 66.6%. The egg-adult cycle length, proportion of females and males, and average weight differed among generations. The F1 organisms presented similar morphometrics to those collected in the field. Manipulation significantly reduced insect survival. Mass-rearing of C. barrerai facilitates a comprehensive study of its biology and may establish the species as a model for the Melolonthidae. This methodology establishes the foundations for rearing congeneric species in the laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling spatial acuity improves trap capture of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae).","authors":"Natalie S Roberts, Madelyn Jones, Farooq Shah, Tariq M Butt, William L Allen","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colored sticky traps are used for management of many common agricultural insect pests. Several recent studies have shown that traps can be improved by systematically considering properties of color vision for the target species. In the current study, we extend this approach to spatial vision, using information about the interommatidial angle of an agriculturally important insect pest, western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), to predict spatial resolution capabilities for a yellow flower pattern across a range of viewing distances. We tested the hypothesis that pattern sizes matching the spatial resolution capabilities of western flower thrips at a given viewing distance would outperform traps with mismatched pattern sizes by measuring the number of western flower thrips caught on sticky traps containing differently sized flower patterns resolvable at 5, 10, or 20 cm. We found an interaction between pattern size and viewing distance, with significantly more western flower thrips caught on traps when the predicted resolvable distance of the pattern matched the distance traps were placed from a central release point. We further tested the range over which trap patterns are effective in more complex viewing environments using commercial polytunnels. In polytunnel trials, we found that increasing the resolvable distance of patterns increased western flower thrips capture up to approximately 26 cm, after which western flower thrips capture decreased up to the maximal visible range tested (50 cm) in the absence of additional sensory cues. Together, these results show the utility of considering spatial vision in improving trap performance and offers functional insights to improve pest management in visual trap design.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The biological characteristics and life table parameters of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) reared on different maize varieties.","authors":"Zahra Saeedi, Masumeh Ziaee, Mehdi Esfandiari, Somaiyeh Ghasemzadeh","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf047","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) is a major polyphagous pest of stored food products causing serious quantity and quality losses. In this study, the life history of P. interpunctella was evaluated on different maize varieties, including Simon, Valbom, 703, BK, and BC678. The preadult duration for P. interpunctella were 35.5, 43.1, 39.2, 43.4, and 36.8 d on Simon, Valbom, 703, BK, and BC678, respectively. The mean total longevity on Valbom was 52.2 d which was significantly longer than the 41.8 d on Simon (P = 0.012). The developmental period of moths was the most prolonged on Valbom indicating low nutritional suitability of this variety. However, the moths preferred Valbom for oviposition, and more than 132 eggs were laid on this variety. The most intrinsic rate of increase (r) was reported on BC678 and Simon, while the lowest population growth rate was on BK and Valbom. The highest r value on BC678 and Simon could be due to their high moisture and protein content. Based on the shorter preadult, total preoviposition period, mean generation time and higher life table parameters (gross reproductive rate, r, and λ) that occurred on the BC678, make this variety most favorable host for P. interpunctella. The findings highlighted the importance of maize variety selection in managing this pest in stored food products.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12082450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical transfer of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) virus sequences to wax by worker traffic and aerosolization.","authors":"Megan J Colwell, Stephen F Pernal, Robert W Currie","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are of undeniable value to agriculture. However, increased mortality of honey bees, mostly due to winter losses associated with parasites and pathogens, have put strain on the apiculture industry. Advancing our knowledge of honey bee viruses and their interactions within the colony environment is vital in mitigating their effect on honey bee health. Our study examined virus sequences detected on beeswax sampled from empty colonies which died during the previous winter. Based on a cage study using virus-containing bees, we confirmed that the introduction of BQCV sequences to wax foundation was possible through workers walking on, and contacting, comb surfaces (worker traffic). Furthermore, we found that BQCV may aerosolize within an incubator to contaminate wax at detectable levels among independent cages. A second cage study explored the potential effects of virus aerosolization on transmission between groups of adult worker bees within cages, having no direct contact. This experiment did not support aerosol transmission between groups of bees in confined spaces. Further work on waxborne virus transmission within colony environments, and potential effects of aerosolization under a wider array of conditions, is crucial to broadening our knowledge of honey bee virus transmission. Our work also highlights potential dangers for beekeepers re-using equipment from dead colonies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12096080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of a non-native host plant in altering the seasonal dynamics of Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) development.","authors":"James G DuBose, Mackenzie Hoogshagen, Jacobus C de Roode","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insect herbivores often experience seasonal fluctuation in food availability, which plays important role in signaling diapause and/or migration. However, the introduction of non-native plants with different seasonal phenologies has the potential to disrupt these dynamics. Some evidence suggests that this may be a developing issue for the annual migration of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). The tropical milkweed Asclepias curassavica (Linnaeus) (Gentianales: Apocynaceae), which does not seasonally senesce to the same extent or rate as native milkweed host plants, has recently been introduced into the North American mainland population. Here, we report an experimental comparison of monarch developmental success when reared on A. curassavica and the native A. incarnata (Linnaeus) (Gentianales: Apocynaceae) in the summer and fall. We found that A. curassavica facilitates monarch development later into their typical migratory and over-wintering season, despite several prolonged periods where the temperature was below requirements for growth and development.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating a role for piRNA-associated piwi genes in overcoming host-plant resistance in the soybean aphid, Aphis glycines.","authors":"Angel Haller, Jelmer W Poelstra, Wirat Pipatpongpinyo, Nathan Kreuter, Jennifer R Wilson, Andy Michel","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural host-plant resistance provides a sustainable solution to control insect outbreaks but can be limited due to insect counter-adaptation. The exact mechanisms of insect adaptation to host-plant resistance remain unclear in most systems. Some insect adaptations are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms, such as through noncoding RNA. PIWI-interacting RNAs are specific noncoding RNAs that bind with PIWI proteins to control a diverse range of gene regulatory functions, particularly in insects. Previous investigation into aphid PIWI gene copies showed expansion in their abundance compared to other insects, which may suggest PIWI genes have additional functions among aphids. We first characterized PIWI gene evolution through a phylogenetic analysis, then investigated the role of PIWIs by examining gene expression in the soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), a significant insect pest of soybean which has adapted to overcome aphid-resistance in host plants. Our data indicated the presence of three PIWI ortholog groups, as well as taxon-specific gene expansions, with gene copy numbers ranging from 3 to 17 across species. To evaluate a potential role of PIWIs in overcoming host-plant resistance, we measured their gene expression in Ap. glycines with (virulent) and without (avirulent) the ability to survive on aphid-resistant soybean. We found that virulent Ap. glycines have significantly higher expression of 2 PIWI genes (Agl1.1 and Agl1.3) compared to the avirulent biotype. These data suggest that gene regulatory mechanisms related to the PIWI pathway, potentially including piRNAs, are important in aphid systems and may enable adaptation to host-plant resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of candidate host-manipulating effector genes in Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) using a combination of transcriptome, genome, and differential gene expression data.","authors":"Chaoyang Zhao, Nicholas Mueller, Isabella Owens, Raman Bansal, Alana L Jacobson","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf053","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, is an important plant disease vector and a highly polyphagous agricultural pest that feeds on a broad range of host plants. During feeding, its salivary glands serve as a route for the transmission of circulative plant viruses and produce a range of secretory proteins, called effectors, to modulate host cellular processes. To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying aphid-plant interactions, we developed a bioinformatics pipeline that incorporated the salivary gland transcriptome, genome, and head vs abdomen differential gene expression data to predict secretory protein-encoding genes enriched in the salivary glands of A. gossypii. Annotation of the 351 predicted genes showed that the most abundant functional categories were associated with cellular signaling and metabolism processes, and revealed that 98 genes were hemipteran-specific. Notably, 51 genes encode secretory proteins matching the putative saliva proteins identified in prior proteomics studies. Quantitative PCR analysis validated differential expression of 4 selected genes between heads and abdomens and indicated that alate adults exhibited the highest gene expression, suggesting these genes may play key roles in host colonization. Additionally, 25 genes showed sequence similarities to functionally characterized hemipteran effectors, with some appearing to form effector groups with distinct evolutionary patterns. Collectively, this study identified numerous putative plant-manipulating genes in A. gossypii and provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of aphid-plant interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-destructive, fast, inexpensive, non-toxic chelating resin-based DNA extraction protocol for insect voucher specimens and associated microbiomes.","authors":"Morgan E Brown, Sara Ottati, Valeria Trivellone","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf062","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieaf062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Identifying a DNA extraction method that yields high quantity and quality DNA is a crucial component of molecular ecological studies; and the best suited method can vary greatly depending on research priorities. Here, we propose a nondestructive extraction method for insect museum vouchers aimed at analyzing gut-associated microbiomes. The leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus (Kirschbaum) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) associated with the bacterial plant pathogen Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, a member of the genus 'Candidatus Phytoplasma' (Mollicutes: Acholeplasmataceae), was used as an experimental model. We developed and refined a resin-based DNA extraction protocol by testing the effects of prelysis bleaching and postlysis proteinase K inactivation on DNA quality and yield. We found that bleaching did not compromise the integrity of insect and associated bacterial DNA and that excluding the inactivation of proteinase K did not interfere with quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Based on our findings, we recommend a DNA extraction protocol for insect voucher specimens and associated microbiomes that includes a prelysis bleaching step to chemically degrade external contaminants without proteinase K inactivation, thereby reducing processing time. Our refined protocol resulted in a high DNA yield, which we successfully analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis and other downstream molecular applications, including targeted high-throughput sequencing.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12132034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}