Albertha J Parkins, Arash Kheirodin, Jermaine D Perier, Paulo S G Cremonez, David G Riley, Alvin M Simmons, Jason M Schmidt
{"title":"Direct and indirect effects of selective insecticides on 2 generalist predators of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).","authors":"Albertha J Parkins, Arash Kheirodin, Jermaine D Perier, Paulo S G Cremonez, David G Riley, Alvin M Simmons, Jason M Schmidt","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae104","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generalist arthropod predators have historically contributed to the suppression of arthropod pests in many agroecosystems. The successful implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) programs hinges on the incorporation of insecticides that are compatible with the biological attributes of natural enemies of pests. A potentially promising pathway is improving biological control by natural enemies through the timely application of selective insecticides. In our study, adult predators were exposed to commercially available insecticides (cyantraniliprole and pyriproxyfen) using a combined laboratory and field approach to assess their effects on survivorship and predation. We isolated 2 predators, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville and Geocoris punctipes (Say), in the laboratory to estimate the survivorship and consumption of whitefly nymphs, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). In the field, we deployed whitefly nymph-infested potted cotton plants in replicated cotton plots with both insecticide treatments. We enumerated whitefly nymph populations on enclosed (predator-exclusion) and open (predator-accessible) potted plants. While pyriproxyfen had a negligible effect on the predators, cyantraniliprole exposure directly affected H. convergence by reducing survivorship duration and indirectly influenced both predators by reducing prey consumption and altering the consumption of alternative prey. In field conditions, regardless of pesticide exposure, whitefly-infested potted plants that excluded predators had more whiteflies than predator-accessible potted plants. Overall, pyriproxyfen demonstrated minimal impact on the predators in the laboratory or field, while cyantraniliprole adversely influenced mortality and indirect foraging under controlled laboratory conditions but did not have a significant impact in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran-Ran Su, Tai-Hui Lan, Bi-Qiong Pan, Xia-Lin Zheng, Wen Lu, Xiao-Yun Wang
{"title":"Cellulose degradation in Glenea cantor (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): functional characterization of GcEGaseZ7 and Cellulase reveals a novel enzymatic activity.","authors":"Ran-Ran Su, Tai-Hui Lan, Bi-Qiong Pan, Xia-Lin Zheng, Wen Lu, Xiao-Yun Wang","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae101","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glenea cantor (Fabricius) is an important forest pest that mainly attacks kapok trees, breaking down cellulose and lignin through 3 enzyme activities: endoglucanase, filter paper enzyme, and cellobiase. In this study, we unveiled the cloning and expression of 10 endoglucanase genes, GcEGase5A1, GcEGase5A2, GcEGaseZ2, GcEGaseZ3, GcEGaseZ4, GcEGaseZ5, GcEGaseZ7, GcEGaseZ8, GcEGaseZ9, and Cellulase, all of which exhibit enzymatic activities in G. cantor. These findings indicated that Cellulase shares sequence homology with beetle GHF45, whereas the other 9 endoglucanase genes are homologous to beetle GHF5. GcEGaseZ4 presented the highest expression in the foregut. In contrast, GcEGase5A2 and Cellulase presented peak expression in the midgut. Furthermore, GcEGaseZ7 was identified as the most highly expressed endoglucanase in the hindgut. Functional assays confirmed the ability of GcEGaseZ7 and Cellulase to degrade cellulose, and their cellulase activities were 75.57 ± 1.21 U/mg and 344.79 ± 6.91 U/mg, respectively. These results enhance our understanding of the complex cellulase system in insects and provide insights into the efficient digestion of cellulosic materials by wood-consuming insects. This research also has potential applications in bioenergy production and the development of biomaterials from lignocellulosic biomass.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11583219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ronald S Stewart, Silvia Kouwenberg, Johannes Pauel, Sarah Stellwagen
{"title":"Population records reveal expanded habitat preference for the endemic, predaceous Jamaican fungus gnat Neoditomyia farri (Diptera, Keroplatidae).","authors":"Ronald S Stewart, Silvia Kouwenberg, Johannes Pauel, Sarah Stellwagen","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The predaceous fly Neoditomyia farri Coher is currently regarded as having an unknown population distribution in Jamaica. The larvae are known for their production of sticky \"fishing lines\" that are covered in adhesive droplets for prey capture and hang down from cave walls and ceilings. Published research beyond early observational records of the species is limited to one site-Dromilly Cave in the parish of Trelawny. The Jamaican Caves Organisation has observed larvae of the species at 26 caves visited over the last 2 decades and compiled a database with details of approximate numbers, internal and external environmental conditions, and accurate positions. Based on these records, we present evidence that the species is not cave obligate and describe factors that may suggest potential additional sites where the species can be found. Taken together, our observations paint a picture of a species which is ubiquitous and not under discernible threat, making it an excellent candidate for further research on its unique life history and behavior, which remain poorly understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anthony D Vaudo, Michael C Orr, Qing-Song Zhou, Chao-Dong Zhu, Junpeng Mu, Margarita M López-Uribe
{"title":"Low-density migratory beekeeping induces intermediate disturbance effects on native bee communities in Tibetan Plateau alpine meadows.","authors":"Anthony D Vaudo, Michael C Orr, Qing-Song Zhou, Chao-Dong Zhu, Junpeng Mu, Margarita M López-Uribe","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ecological disturbance can promote or reduce community biodiversity depending on its severity. Beekeeping activities represent a type of ecological disturbance when large numbers of honey bees are introduced to a landscape and interact with the local plant and pollinator community. In this study, we characterized the effect of immediate and long-term low-density migratory beekeeping on the diversity and abundance of native bees in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China). We found that the presence of apiaries and the number of honey bees reduced native bee abundances in the local bee community, likely through displacement from floral resources. However, in locations where apiaries were previously kept for decades but are not currently present, native bee abundances recovered, and phylogenetic diversity increased; yet community relative abundances and dominant species were distinct from those that had never been stocked. Our results suggest that the presence of a transient, intermediate number of migratory honey bee colonies (60-100 colonies spaced ≥15 km from each other) may represent an intermediate ecological disturbance and not permanently reduce native bee abundances past a critical threshold that may lead to local extirpation. Yet, our study demonstrates the potential for even intermediate-scale low-density beekeeping to alter native bee communities in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576356/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jay D Evans, Zachary Lamas, Lindsey M Markowitz, Evan C Palmer-Young, Eugene V Ryabov, Dawn Boncristiani, Yan Ping Chen
{"title":"Bee cups 2.0: P-cups as single-use cages for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) experiments.","authors":"Jay D Evans, Zachary Lamas, Lindsey M Markowitz, Evan C Palmer-Young, Eugene V Ryabov, Dawn Boncristiani, Yan Ping Chen","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae107","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey bees and other pollinators face threats from pesticides, imperfect nutrition, and a diverse set of parasites and pathogens. Honey bees are also a research model for development, social behavior, microbiology, and aging. Tackling these questions requires a mix of in-hive and controlled laboratory experiments. We have perfected small-scale, inexpensive, disposable, and rearing arenas for honey bees that have proved useful for hundreds of bioassays with thousands of bees. We describe those arenas here, show their advantages over current hoarding cages, and provide videos demonstrating their many uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11576350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ante Vujić, Mihajla Djan, Snežana Radenković, Laura Likov, Jelena Ačanski, Dušanka Vujanović, Nevena Veličković, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Santos Rojo, Andrea Aracil, Kurt Jordaens, Gunilla Ståhls
{"title":"A window on remarkable cryptic diversity of the Merodon planifacies subgroup (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Afrotropical Region.","authors":"Ante Vujić, Mihajla Djan, Snežana Radenković, Laura Likov, Jelena Ačanski, Dušanka Vujanović, Nevena Veličković, Celeste Pérez-Bañón, Santos Rojo, Andrea Aracil, Kurt Jordaens, Gunilla Ståhls","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genus Merodon Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) is one of the most species-rich hoverfly genera distributed across the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. In the Palaearctic, the genus Merodon boasts 195 described species, while its Afrotropical region pales in comparison, with a mere 17 species documented thus far. As a result of 8 years of fieldwork conducted in the Republic of South Africa, in this paper, we present the description of 11 new species for science with a description of immature stages for 2 species, which increases the diversity of this genus in the Afrotropical region by remarkable 39%. These revelations are based on integrating morphology, molecular analysis (COI gene and 28S rRNA) and geometric morphometry. All described species belong to the Merodon planifacies subgroup, the Merodon desuturinus lineage and, within that, to the Afrotropical Merodon melanocerus group. Additionally, we provide an illustrated key to 15 species belonging to the subgroup, a detailed discussion on relevant taxonomic characters, a morphological diagnosis, a distribution map and clarification of the association between M. capi complex and host plants from the genus Merwilla.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margaret J Couvillon, John Hainze, Connor Bizon, Lindsay E Johnson, Ian F McKellips, Benjamin E McMillan, Bradley D Ohlinger, Robert B J Ostrom, Roger Schürch
{"title":"Airborne metofluthrin, a pyrethroid repellent, does not impact foraging honey bees.","authors":"Margaret J Couvillon, John Hainze, Connor Bizon, Lindsay E Johnson, Ian F McKellips, Benjamin E McMillan, Bradley D Ohlinger, Robert B J Ostrom, Roger Schürch","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/ieae103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Outdoor spatial mosquito repellents, such as mosquito coils or heating devices, release pyrethroid insecticides into the air to provide protection from mosquitoes within a defined area. This broadcast discharge of pyrethroids into the environment raises concern about the effect on non-target organisms. A previous study found that prallethrin discharged from a heating device did not affect honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) [Hymenoptera: Apidae] foraging or recruitment. In this second study, there was no significant difference in foraging frequency (our primary outcome), waggle dance propensity, or persistency in honey bees collecting sucrose solution between those exposed to metofluthrin from a different heating device and bees exposed to a non-metofluthrin control. One measure, waggle dance frequency, was higher in the metofluthrin treatment than the control but this outcome was likely a spurious result due to the small sample size. The small particle size of the emissions, averaging 4.43 µm, from the heated spatial repellent products, which remain airborne with little settling, may play an important role in the lack of effect found on honey bee foraging.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11497606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142502155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Past and current climate as a driver in shaping the distribution of the Longitarsus candidulus species group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).","authors":"Maurizio Biondi, Paola D'Alessandro, Daniele Salvi, Emanuele Berrilli, Mattia Iannella","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae089","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longitarsus candidulus (Foudras) is a thermophilic flea beetle species widely distributed in the Mediterranean Basin and associated with Daphne gnidium L. and Thymelaea hirsuta (L.). Longitarsus laureolae Biondi and Longitarsus leonardii Doguet, phylogenetically closely related to L. candidulus, show together a peculiar and rare disjunct distribution along the central-southern Apennines and the Cantabrian-Pyrenean mountain system, respectively. Both are associated with Daphne laureola L. in mesophilic habitats. We used \"ecological niche modeling\" to infer the Pleistocene dynamics in the distribution of the three flea beetle species and their host plants. We interpreted their current distributions, paying particular attention to the presumed time of species divergence as inferred from recent studies. The differentiation of L. laureolae and L. leonardii from L. candidulus likely represents a response to the marked climatic changes during the Late Pliocene. Such a split was likely associated with a trophic niche shift of the laureolae/leonardii ancestor towards the typically mesophilic host plant D. laureola. The subsequent split between L. laureolae and L. leonardii, possibly due at first to the niche competition, was then boosted by an allopatric divergence during the Middle Pleistocene, likely caused by a large area of low environmental suitability for both species, mainly located between the northern Apennines and the south-western Alps.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11452734/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142375565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phenology, voltinism, and brood development of Xylosandrus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) ambrosia beetles in New York.","authors":"Lindsey R Milbrath, Jeromy Biazzo","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus germanus (Blanford) and Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) are nonnative pests in orchards and nurseries in North America. They construct galleries in the sapwood of stressed woody hosts and culture a symbiotic fungus as food for their offspring. Preventing attacks is preferred but a better understanding of their biology may elucidate additional avenues for control. Recent phenological studies are lacking for X. germanus that is common in New York, and biological information on brood and gallery development is lacking for the less abundant X. crassiusculus. We conducted both outdoor rearing and laboratory studies to better understand the timing of key events in the maturation of their galleries, particularly associated with the symbiotic fungi. Two and a partial third summer generation were consistently observed over 2 yr for X. germanus; and thus, 3 flights of adult females (foundresses) occurred each summer from mid-April to late September. In both the field and laboratory, initial growth of the symbiotic fungus occurs within a few days of gallery initiation. The rapid development of the reproductive tract and oviposition by X. germanus appears to be stimulated by the presence of the fungus. Fungal, reproductive, and brood development are similar for the related X. crassiusculus in laboratory studies; the 2 species mainly appear to differ in size. The lag between beetle colonization and reproduction currently seems too brief to be exploited for management. Disruption of other stages in gallery development should also be explored to minimize the beetle damage if attacks cannot be prevented.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11490416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae).","authors":"Li Lim, Abdul Hafiz Ab Majid","doi":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae096","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jisesa/ieae096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Blattodea: Blattidae), is a prevalent urban pest with significant public health implications. This study aimed to develop and validate novel microsatellite markers to understand the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of P. americana. In this study, a total of 397,898 microsatellite markers were developed based on 24.6 million genomic DNA sequences. Twenty microsatellite markers were selected and amplified with varying numbers of alleles ranging from 0 to 35. Seven out of 20 markers were characterized for their polymorphism and amplification efficiency. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values of these markers were high (0.669 to 0.950) implying their effectiveness. These markers also revealed 7 to 35 alleles per locus across tested samples, highlighting their utility in assessing the extensive genetic variation within Periplaneta americana populations. These results provide insightful information that may be applied to the genetic analysis of the American cockroach population using the developed species-specific microsatellite marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":16156,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Insect Science","volume":"24 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11520420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142522102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}