Journal of Iron and Steel Research International最新文献

{"title":"Experimental investigation on characteristics of hook in continuously cast slab of low carbon steel","authors":"Xiao-hua Wang, Wen-jie Tong, Sen Luo, Ye-lian Zhou, Wei-ling Wang, Miao-yong Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01283-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01283-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the continuous casting process of low carbon steel, the solidified hook formed in the mold has great effects on the surface quality of the cast slab. Some factory experiments have been conducted to investigate the microscopic characteristics and reveal the influence of process parameters on solidified hooks. The depth of the hooks showed a positive correlation with the deflection angle, length, and oscillation mark (OM) depth, which indicates that the OM depth can serve as an approximate indicator for evaluating the depth of the solidified hooks. On the wide and narrow faces of the cast slab, the depth of the solidified hooks and the temperature distribution in the mold show opposite trends, with lower depths of solidified hooks at positions with higher temperatures. In addition, the influence of process parameters on solidified hooks was analyzed. With the increase in superheat, not only the depth of solidified hooks gradually decreases, but also the ratio of depression-typed marks increases. Increasing casting speed and decreasing immersion depth of the submerged entry nozzle will both lead to a decrease in the depth of the solidified hook.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of electric current on secondary phase dissolution and elements migration behavior of a Ni-based single crystal superalloy","authors":"Ying-ju Li, Ce Zheng, Xiao-hui Feng, Qiu-yan Huang, Tian-jiao Luo, Yuan-sheng Yang","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01266-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01266-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The second phase dissolution and elements migration behavior of a nickel-based single crystal superalloy during solution heat treatment with direct current were investigated for simplifying and shortening the solution heat treatment of the Ni-based single crystal superalloy. The results showed that the electric current solution heat treatment improved microstructural homogenization as well as the distribution of alloying elements, especially for the refractory metal W and Mo. The microsegregation ratios for Mo and W after electric current solution heat treatment at 1230 °C for 4 h are near those without electric current at 1250 °C for 4 h. The electric current accelerated the γ′ phase dissolution process, and the γ′ phase could be completely dissolved at a lower treatment temperature or within a shorter treatment time under electric current solution heat treatment with direct current. A microcosmic current model was proposed to analyze the effect of the electric current on the solution heat treatment of the Ni-based single crystal superalloy.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of C content and tempering temperature on impact-abrasive wear resistance of high-C martensitic steel","authors":"Tian-long Liu, Xin-yue Zhang, Xiao-bo Cui, Shan-shan Chen, Xiao-yan Sun, Jun Long, Zhi-bin Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01288-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01288-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact-abrasive wear behavior of high-C martensitic steel was investigated, taking into account varying carbon (C) contents and different tempering temperatures. The evaluation was done through comprehensive microstructural characterization, analysis of worn surface morphology, and measurement of key performance like impact toughness and surface hardening. The findings demonstrate that increasing C content and tempering temperature both has a positive effect on wear resistance, with C content exhibiting a more pronounced influence compared to the tempering temperature. The improved wear resistance of the steel with higher C content and tempering at a higher temperature can be attributed to its enhanced impact toughness. This increase in impact toughness is primarily a result of microstructural refinement and alterations in carbide morphology. Moreover, cyclic impact loading induces surface hardening due to dislocation strengthening within the martensite and the retained austenite, leading to an increase in surface hardness. The combination of surface hardening and excellent impact toughness synergistically contributes to the overall improved wear resistance observed in the experimental steel with higher C content after tempering at a higher temperature. Additionally, the dominant features observed on the worn surface are scratches and substrate delamination, indicative of a wear mechanism of the experimental steels characterized by micro-cutting/ploughing and fatigue wear.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparisons of {100} texture improvement and formability in hot-rolled non-oriented electrical steel by austenite–ferrite phase transformation and shear deformation","authors":"Chi-hao Yu, Hong-jiang Pan, Yan-ping Zhao, De-ting Tang, Hai-jun Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01277-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01277-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the years, the high magnetic induction of industrial Mn-added electrical steel is assumed to be the enhancement of {100} texture derived from its austenite–ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling (phase transformation (PT) method). However, it is still undetermined without straightforward experimental evidence. The reason for {100} texture improvement of Mn-added electrical steel is experimentally confirmed due to the recrystallization induced by the austenite–ferrite phase transformation during hot rolling. Moreover, a more promising methodology to further improve {100} texture and formability of hot-rolled electrical steel is promoted by the control of hot rolling deformation condition (shear deformation (SD) method). The results show that the nucleation mechanisms of {100} oriented recrystallized grains are different in the samples by SD and PT methods, which are in-depth shear deformation and austenite–ferrite phase transformation, respectively. In this case, coarse {100} oriented recrystallized grains and low residual stress are obtained in the sample by SD method, which is responsible for its superior {100} texture and formability. In contrast, the sample by PT method forms fine recrystallized grains with random orientations and accumulates severe residual stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to enhance decrepitation temperature and reducibility of ultrafine iron ore concentrate pellets","authors":"B.L. Wen, Z.H. Fan, J.X. Li, D.L. Liu, J.L. Yang","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01268-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01268-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Utilizing ultrafine iron ore concentrate for pellet production can expand domestic iron ore resources in China and promote the utilization of low-grade ores. However, a challenge arises with the low decrepitation temperature and reducibility in the preparation process of ultrafine iron ore concentrate pellets. To address the challenge, a novel approach was proposed, which incorporated straw powder as an additive to enhance pellet porosity, thereby improving the decrepitation temperature and reducibility of ultrafine iron ore concentrate pellets. The effect of varying proportions of straw powder (0.0–2.0%) on the characteristics of ultrafine iron ore concentrate pellets was examined. Results indicate that at a 2.0% straw powder ratio, pellet decrepitation temperature notably rises from 380 to 540 °C, while the reducibility index escalates from 25.7% to 48.1%. Nevertheless, the addition of straw powder results in diminished drop strength, compressive strength of green pellets, and cold crushing strength of fired pellets. In addition, enhanced pellet reducibility leads to exacerbated reduction swelling index and reduction degradation index. Despite these effects, all parameters remain within an acceptable range.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refinement of cast microstructure of A517 steel by addition of TiB2","authors":"Guo-fang Liang, Yin-gang Liu, Xian-liang Yang, Qi-yang Tan, Tao Wu, Jian-jun Wang, Andrej Atrens, Zhi-qiang Tian, Ming-xing Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01248-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01248-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effect of TiB₂ addition on microstructure refinement of the as-cast and reheated A517 steel has been investigated. 0.1 wt.% TiB₂ addition resulted in a reduction in equiaxed γ grain size from 990 ± 183 to 116 ± 35 μm and an increase in the volume fraction of equiaxed γ grain region from 5% to 67% in the as-cast A517 steel ingots. Microstructure analysis identified TiN particles rather than TiB₂. This is attributed to the low thermodynamic stability of TiB₂, leading to its decomposition into free Ti and B elements at an elevated temperature. Then, chemical reaction between the free Ti and residual nitrogen in the liquid resulted in the formation of TiN. Hence, it is considered that TiN acted as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the δ-ferrite. This initiated the refinement and columnar to equiaxed transition of δ-dendrites. As a result, the subsequently formed γ grains were correspondingly refined. Such microstructure refinement led to improvement of the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the as-cast A517 steel. However, the reheating of the as-cast A517 steel resulted in a marginal microstructure refinement in the samples with low TiB₂ addition. This is attributed to the limited pinning effect of the coarse TiN particles formed during casting process. Consequently, the tensile properties of the reheated A517 steel remained unaffected by the TiB₂ addition.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing cooling approach of spiral coil for an electromagnetic steel teeming system of ladle in continuous casting production","authors":"Ming He, Qing-wei Wang, Li-jia Zhao, Wang-zhong Mu, Xing-an Liu, Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01260-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01260-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the current issues with the conventional slide gate system utilized in the steel teeming process, a unique electromagnetic induction controlled automated steel teeming (EICAST) technology has been developed. Cooling means of spiral coil in this technology is directly related to its service life. Firstly, heat transfer processes of air cooling and spray cooling were compared and analyzed. Secondly, the impacts of water temperature, water flow rate and air flow rate were examined in order to maximize the spray cooling effect. To maintain coil temperature at a low value consistently throughout the entire thermal cycle process of the ladle, a combined cooling mode was finally employed. Numerical simulation was applied to examine the coil temperature variation with different cooling systems and characteristics. Before coil operation, spray cooling is said to be more effective. By controlling the water flow rate and air flow rate, the spray cooling effect is enhanced. However, water temperature has little or no impact when using spray cooling. Air cooling during the secondary refining process and spray cooling prior to coil operation are combined to further lower coil temperature. When the direction of the spray cooling is from bottom to top, the coil temperature is lowered below 165 °C. A practical induction coil cooling plan was provided for the EICAST technology’s production process.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adhesive behaviour of ultrafine particulate matters from iron ore sintering flue gas on grate bar and control technique","authors":"Xiao-long Wang, Zhi-yun Ji, Min Gan, Xiao-hui Fan, Wang Zhu, Zeng-qing Sun, Lin-cheng Liu, Yu-feng Wu, Dan Yu","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01291-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01291-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Controlling the adhesion of potentially corrosive substances from flue gas on grate bar is crucial for extending the operational lifespan of the equipment. The adhesive behaviour and mechanism of ultrafine particulate matters (UPM) throughout the sintering process were elucidated, and measures to control adhesion on grate bars were developed. Research findings indicated that a small quantity of UPM were found on grate bar during the initial sintering stages (ignition stage and middle stage I and II). The main compositions of UPM were Fe_<i>x</i>O_<i>y</i>-rich, CaO-rich, and aluminium silicate-rich particles. In contrast, corrosive substances like alkali metal compounds were almost absent. These UPM adhered onto grate bar primarily through inertial impaction. When moving to the final sintering stages (middle stage III and temperature rising stage), many UPM rich in corrosive substances like NaCl and KCl adhered to the grate bar. These UPM adhered to grate bar through thermal diffusion and vortex deposition. Solid waste water washing technology can greatly decrease the quantity of UPM (rich in NaCl and KCl) on the grate bar due to vortex deposition and thermal diffusion, and it represents a potentially promising way to control adhesion and corrosion on grate bars.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141742562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between grain size, mechanical properties and deformed microstructure of Fe–20Mn–6Al–0.6C–0.15Si low-density steel","authors":"Qi Zhang, Guang-hui Chen, Zheng-liang Xue, Zheng-kun Chen, Guang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01276-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01276-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The effects of austenite grain size on the deformed microstructure and mechanical properties of an Fe–20Mn–6Al–0.6C–0.15Si (wt.%) low-density steel were investigated. The microstructure of the experimental steel after solution treatment was single austenitic phase. The austenite grain size increased with solution temperature and time. A model was established to show the relationship between temperature, time and austenite grain size for the experimental steel. In addition, as the solution temperature increased, the strength decreased, while the elongation first increased and then decreased. This decrease in elongation after solution treatment at 1100 °C for 90 min is contributed to the over-coarse austenite grains. However, after solution treatment at 900 °C for 90 min, the strength–elongation product reached the highest value of 44.4 GPa%. As the austenite grain size increased, the intensity of &lt;111&gt;//tensile direction fiber decreased. This was accompanied by a decrease in dislocation density, resulting in a lower fraction of low-angle grain boundaries and a lower work hardening rate. Therefore, the austenite grain size has a critical influence on the mechanical properties of the low-density steels. Coarser grains lead to a lower yield strength due to the Hall–Petch effect and a lower tensile strength because of lower dislocation strengthening.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141720150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of slag composition on kinetic behavior of deep deoxidation of 5 wt.% Si high-silicon austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Guan-xiong Dou, Han-jie Guo, Jing Guo, Xue-cheng Peng, Qing-yun Chen","doi":"10.1007/s42243-024-01250-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-024-01250-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Based on a thermodynamic study of 5 wt.% Si high-silicon austenitic stainless steel (SS-5Si) smelting using CaF₂–CaO–Al₂O₃–MgO–SiO₂ slag to obtain a low oxygen content of less than 10 × 10⁻⁴ wt.%, a kinetic mass transfer model for deep deoxidation was established through laboratory studies, and the effects of slag components and temperature on deoxidation during the slag–steel reaction process of SS-5Si were systematically studied. The experimental data verified the accuracy of the model predictions. The results showed that the final oxygen content in the steel at 1873 K was mainly controlled by the oxygen content derived from the activity of SiO₂ regulated by the [Si]–[O] equilibrium reaction in the slag system; in particular, when the slag basicity <i>R</i> (<i>R</i> = <i>w</i>(CaO)/<i>w</i>(SiO₂), where <i>w</i>(CaO) and <i>w</i>(SiO₂) are the contents of CaO and SiO₂ in the slag, respectively) is 3, the Al₂O₃ content in the slag needs to be less than 2.7%. The mass transfer rate equation for the kinetics of the deoxidation reaction revealed that the mass transfer of oxygen in the liquid metal is the rate-controlling step under different slag conditions at 1873 K, and the oxygen transfer coefficient <i>k</i>_O,m increases with increasing the slag basicity from 4.0 × 10⁻⁶ m s⁻¹ (<i>R</i> = 1) to 4.3 × 10⁻⁵ m s⁻¹ (<i>R</i> = 3). <i>k</i>_O,m values at <i>R</i> = 2 and <i>R</i> = 3 are almost the same, indicating that high slag basicity has little effect. The integral of the mass transfer rate equation for the deoxidation reaction of SS-5Si under different slag conditions is obtained. The total oxygen content of the molten steel decreases with increasing basicity from an initial content of 22 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.2 × 10⁻⁴ wt.% (<i>R</i> = 3), consistent with the change in <i>k</i>_O,m with slag basicity. At <i>R</i> = 2, the slag–steel reaction takes 15 min to reach equilibrium (<i>w</i>[O] = 5.5 × 10⁻⁴ wt.%), whereas at <i>R</i> = 3, the slag–steel reaction takes 30 min to reach equilibrium (<i>w</i>[O] = 3.2 × 10⁻⁴ wt.%). Considering the depth of deoxidation and reaction time of SS-5Si smelting, it is recommended the slag basicity be controlled at approximately 2. Similarly, the effect of temperature on the deep deoxidation of SS-5Si was studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":16151,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Iron and Steel Research International","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}