Journal of Manufacturing Processes最新文献

{"title":"Ultrasonic cutting of aerospace difficult-to-cut alloys: Current status and prospects","authors":"Xiaofei Lei ,&nbsp;Rong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenfeng Ding ,&nbsp;Chuan Qian ,&nbsp;Ziang Liu ,&nbsp;Biao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Titanium alloys, superalloy, high-strength steels and other difficult-to-cut alloys have excellent mechanical properties and are extensively utilized in important fields like aerospace, military industry, automobiles, and national security. Cutting is an important way to achieve the forming and manufacturing of difficult-to-cut alloys, but conventional cutting (CC) machining often encounters issues like large cutting force, high cutting temperature, severe tool wear, and poor machining surface integrity, which bring great challenges to the machining process. Ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting (UVAC) is one of the key technologies for machining difficult-to-cut alloys accurately and efficiently. Taking difficult-to-cut alloys as the research object, this paper summarizes the application and mechanism of UVAC technology in these metal materials. Finally, the problems and challenges in UVAC of metal materials are prospected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 191-221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143739832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric molten zone and hybrid heat source modeling in laser welding carbon steel and cast iron with nickel alloy wires","authors":"Renzhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Daichi Nishimoto ,&nbsp;Ninshu Ma ,&nbsp;Kunio Narasaki ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Tetsuo Suga ,&nbsp;Shota Tsuda ,&nbsp;Takayuki Tabuchi ,&nbsp;Syuichi Shimada","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molten pool morphology in dissimilar metals welding is different from that in same metal and influenced by the position of the welding wire, which concerns the welding crack occurrence. In this study, a newly designed ring gear and differential case of electric vehicle whose materials are carbon steel and cast iron, respectively, was welded by laser beam. The nickel-based alloy was used as welding wire. The location of welding wire in transverse direction can result in an asymmetric shape of the molten zone defined by the wire offset position “e” and form a “golf club-like” molten pool, which was clearly observed in experiments. A novel hybrid heat source model consists of a cylinder heat source model and a Goldak heat source model was developed in numerical calculation. The value “es” defined the offset distance between the center of heat source and seam of base metal as eccentricity to simulate heat flux that changed with the welding wire position. The results predicted a well asymmetric molten pool shape which was consistent with the experiment when “e” changed from −0.4 mm to 0.2 mm. And the predicted cooling rate in the metal surface was about 1200 °C/s, which consistent with the experimentally measured value. This study can be guidance for understanding the morphology of molten zone and temperature field at different welding wire positions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 177-190"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143735000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive modeling of strip width based on incremental learning and adaptive-weight fusion during the hot rolling process","authors":"Wenteng Wu ,&nbsp;Wen Peng ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Jinyun Liu ,&nbsp;Xudong Li ,&nbsp;Dianhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strip width is a critical quality indicator in the hot rolling process. Accurately predicting the finishing width spread is a challenge due to the absence of direct control equipment and the coupling between multiple stands. Most existing forecasting models in the steel industry are offline models, making them unsuitable for managing dynamic changes in real-time production. To address this issue, a novel incremental learning-based adaptive-weight fusion framework is proposed for the online prediction of the finishing width spread. First, an improved mechanism model is developed to integrate the physical information into the fusion framework. To effectively extract insights from production data, a clustering ensemble feature selection method is developed to obtain the optimal feature subset. Subsequently, an incremental learning approach is introduced to construct periodic and real-time models, facilitating continuous online model updating. Finally, an adaptive-weight strategy is constructed to enable accurate and rapid online prediction of the finishing width spread. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework can effectively synthesize mechanism information, historical information, and real-time information, outperforming other models in terms of online prediction accuracy across different datasets and meeting production speed requirements. Through the deployment of the model on a cloud-edge collaborative computing platform, the model demonstrated a strong generalization ability, with 98.49 % of the width prediction errors falling within ±5 mm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 157-176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in friction stir welding/processing tools","authors":"Mostafa Akbari ,&nbsp;Tarasankar DebRoy ,&nbsp;Parviz Asadi ,&nbsp;Tomasz Sadowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a popular technique for solid-state joining metals and polymers, as it overcomes many challenges associated with fusion welding. However, the widespread application of FSW to harder alloys, such as titanium and steel, depends on developing cost-effective and long-lasting tools that consistently produce structurally sound welds. Additionally, friction stir processing (FSP) is gaining attention for microstructural modification, improving surface quality, and manufacturing parts of composite materials. Tool materials and design greatly affect FSW and FSP performance, quality, and cost. Recent advances in these areas enhance material flow, reduce force and torque, and improve tool durability. These advances rely on new technologies like numerical models, machine learning, and data-driven optimizations of mechanical and microstructural properties. This review also examines various crucial aspects of FSW/FSP tools, including geometry, material selection, and mechanisms of tool degradation. The review analyzes three FSW techniques: Conventional Friction Stir Welding (CFSW), Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Welding (BTFSW), and Stationary Shoulder Friction Stir Welding (SSFSW). It also covers FSP alternatives like multipin FSP and Fed Friction Stir Processing (FFSP). The analysis covers various parameters, including tool geometry, process variables, heat generation patterns, joint characteristics, and joint performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 99-156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of geometry of multi-tooth milling cutter for surface damage suppression in milling of CFRP with theoretical method","authors":"Xiaonan Wang ,&nbsp;Guangjian Bi ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fuji Wang ,&nbsp;Rao Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-tooth milling cutters with segmented right- and left-hand helical cutting edges have been developed to minimize surface damages in milling carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). However, current studies on the cutting performance of the cutter under various tool geometries are mainly conducted through experimental methods, and the removal mechanism of the surface fibers during milling has rarely been revealed. Therefore, an effective method to improve the geometry of the cutter is required to be proposed to suppress surface damage. In this paper, theoretical models considering multiple cutting actions of the cutter are established to calculate the deformation and fracture of surface fibers at various cutting conditions during CFRP milling. It is found that the fiber would be effectively removed with large cutting depths and axial forces directed to the inside of workpiece. Then, the cutting depths of the right- and left-hand helical cutting edges during milling are quantitatively compared, identifying the segmented left-hand helical cutting edge (SLHCE) to be more important in affecting surface damage. Subsequently, a novel arrangement of segmented cutting edges is proposed by designing overlapping part between adjacent SLHCEs in the circumferential direction, which increases the cutting depth of SLHCEs and helps to inhibit burrs. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed milling cutter in damage suppression is validated with experiments. This research could provide theoretical bases and technology guidance for low-damage milling of CFRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 84-98"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of spatial distribution characteristics and ejection behavior of plasma in deep penetration laser welding process of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy","authors":"Yunfu Tian ,&nbsp;Changxing Li ,&nbsp;Hanbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongfei Xu ,&nbsp;Lijun Yang ,&nbsp;Yiming Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spatial distribution characteristics and ejection behavior of the plasma is vital to complete understanding of the underlying physical mechanism of deep penetration laser welding process. Existing works concerning the dynamic behavior of the plasma mostly encounters challenges in direct detection and high temporal resolution detection. In this paper, an electrical detection approach based on the passive dual-probe sprayed by high-temperature-resistant and electrically insulating coating was proposed. This method was used to study the spatial distribution characteristics and ejection behavior of the plasma during deep penetration laser welding process of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The results indicated that within the laser power range of 1200–1500 W, the plasma temperature and electron density with the peak probability density exhibited the trend of firstly increasing and then decreasing along the axial direction of the plasma. Additionally, the ejection velocity with the peak probability density presented a tendency of increasing with the increasing laser power. Moreover, the relationship between the ejection velocity and maximum plasma temperature detected by the lower probe was analyzed in the view of the peak probability density. By quantitative statistical analysis, it was found that when the ejection velocity (or the maximum plasma temperature) had the peak probability density, the corresponding data points of the maximum plasma temperature (or the ejection velocity) mainly fell within one standard deviation. Finally, the linear regression model between the logarithms of the ejection velocity and plasma temperature variation rate detected by the lower probe was established for the ejection behavior analysis. Based on the linear regression model, the plasma ejection behavior could be reasonably analyzed using plasma temperature variation rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 58-70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel controlled high-dynamic braking effect-driven droplet transition in GMAW","authors":"Jun Xiao ,&nbsp;Wan You ,&nbsp;Shujun Chen ,&nbsp;Zhifei Xu ,&nbsp;Zhihao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a conventional arc-depositing process, limited by the strong heat-mass coupling characteristics, gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is difficult to adapt to precision deposition requiring low heat input. To solve this problem, a novel high-dynamic locking-releasing wire feeding method driven by linear actuator was proposed and a compact mechanical structure was developed. The braking effect of the high-dynamic locking-releasing action of the wire feeding allows the molten droplets to acquire additional stronger drive forces, including the inertial force induced by the sudden locking of the wire and the elastic potential energy induced by the bending of the wire, both of which facilitate the droplet transition. The results show that the indirect ‘energy storage’ effect of the high-dynamic locking-releasing wire on the droplets enabled a stable one-droplet-per-pulse (ODPP) spray transfer with a transition frequency of 60 Hz at low heat input. The dynamic transition mechanism of the above ODPP process was revealed by kinetic simulations of the droplet. In addition, a new non-stationary re-locking (NSRL) control strategy was introduced, which further empowered droplets with greater inertial force through the sharp braking effect, thus significantly increased the transition frequency of the molten droplets (~150 Hz). Further, by combining the above strategy with the growth characteristics of droplets under the specific pulsed currents, ODPP spray transfer with frequencies up to 190 Hz was achieved. These promising results indicates the promise of this method for precision arc deposition and even wire arc additive manufacturing at low heat input.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 71-83"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of lead on an axisymmetric, single bead blown powder DED overhung geometry","authors":"Lauren Heinrich ,&nbsp;Kenton B. Fillingim ,&nbsp;Peeyush Nandwana ,&nbsp;Rangasayee Kannan ,&nbsp;Alan Burl ,&nbsp;Christopher Saldaña ,&nbsp;Thomas Feldhausen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal additive manufacturing can be utilized for the near net-shape manufacture of components in a layer wise technique. Traditionally, the buildup process is conducted in the direction of gravity or bottom to top in the vertical orientation; however, with the availability of commercial systems with additive heads or fixturing that can index from vertical, and the need to manufacture larger parts without modifying available systems, the limitation of manufacturing from bottom to top is removed enabling the buildup of larger components printed at an angle from vertical. The effect of gravity on the melt pool and as-deposited component quality when printing off vertical is unknown in literature, especially for axisymmetric components. This understanding is critical for the advancement of manufacturing components of increased size in 4 and 5-axis additive systems. This investigation utilizes blown powder directed energy deposition to evaluate the change in as-printed geometry when the start point is altered in relation to gravity while the part rotates to manufacture an axisymmetric component. The objectives of this work are to determine the impact of the deposition location on the geometric variability on axisymmetric components. This investigation tests the hypothesis that differences in layer height exist due to a change in catchment efficiency when the deposition location is moved to a tangent of the round geometry due to a change in the melt pool dynamics. It was found the ideal deposition location when printing at 26.6-degrees from vertical was at −90-degrees from the top center point of the component, along the tangent, where gravity was pushing the melt pool down, but the rotation of the part was pulling the deposited material towards the top center of the component. This work provides an understanding of layer height stability and catchment efficiency to guide print orientation strategy for high-aspect ratio components. It was found the −90-degree lead deposition had the best layer height stability at 0.6 % as compared to the top-center at 6.3 % and +90-degree deposition location at 9.2 % for the nominal programmed layer height. The change in layer height also effected the final diameter the greatest for the top center deposition location where the diameter diverged by 2.5 % during the overbuild condition and converged by 0.6 %. This finding will increase the manufacturing efficiency of axisymmetric components by increasing the passive stability of the printing process for the successful manufacture of parts without the need for perfectly calibrated manufacturing parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 44-57"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and energy distribution characteristics of ultra-high frequency adjustable multi-pulse GTAW arc","authors":"Hongyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi Xing ,&nbsp;Jingzhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shujun Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Yu ,&nbsp;Guangping He ,&nbsp;Tao Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the limitations of conventional gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), such as shallow penetration, low welding speed, and inefficiency, this paper proposes an ultra-high frequency adjustable multi-pulse GTAW (UFMP-GTAW) process. By introducing a medium-current phase, this process generates multi-pulse waveforms within a single cycle, achieving a welding current frequency of 100 kHz and a current change rate of 150 A/μs, with adjustable pulse duration and amplitude at each stage. An experimental platform for UFMP-GTAW was established to compare the morphology and energy distribution characteristics of ultra-high frequency arcs with conventional high-frequency pulsed arcs using high-speed imaging and spectral analysis. Results indicate that under the same average current, the high-frequency effect of ultra-high frequency current compresses the arc, concentrating its temperature distribution. The 100 kHz UFMP-GTAW arc exhibits a high-temperature region (&gt;14,000 K) proportion of 42.18 % and a 16.7 % increase in conductivity compared to conventional pulsed arcs. Welding tests demonstrate that the 100 kHz UFMP-GTAW process significantly refines weld grain structure and enhances joint strength. For Inconel 718 nickel-based alloy, grain size decreases from 1200 μm to 50–150 μm, with tensile strength and elongation improving by 12 % and 28 %, respectively. This study provides theoretical and experimental foundations for optimizing high-frequency pulsed arc welding processes and high-performance material welding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel vase-shaped structure fabricated by progressive laser surface texturing for strengthening friction spot joints between 2219 aluminum alloy and PEEK","authors":"Feifei Xie ,&nbsp;Nannan Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Zou ,&nbsp;Zhenkun Cheng ,&nbsp;Yafei Pei ,&nbsp;Ninshu Ma ,&nbsp;Katsuyoshi Kondoh ,&nbsp;Ke Chen ,&nbsp;Min Wang ,&nbsp;Xueming Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmapro.2025.03.086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface texturing has emerged as a highly effective method for enhancing the interfacial properties of metal-polymer dissimilar joints. In this study, 2219 Al alloy/PEEK joints were fabricated by friction spot joining (FSpJ). Before joining, the 2219 Al alloy was subjected to progressive laser surface texturing using a nanosecond laser source, to create multi-scale interlocking structures to maximize the interfacial strength. Initially, full-power laser pulses were utilized to generate conventional cup-shaped craters through laser ablation. Subsequently, half-power laser pulses were employed to transform these cup-shaped craters into novel vase-shaped craters. During the half-power laser processing, the liquid metal partially solidified on the inwall to form a neck structure, and partially spilled out of the crater and solidified into a lotus-shaped structure encircling the opening. The vase-shaped craters and lotus-shaped structure provided micron and sub-micron interlocking at the interface of joints, with strength surpassing the group in cup-shaped by 28.8 %. Meanwhile, the fracture mode in the lap shear testing shifted from interfacial failure (i.e. PEEK was pulled out from the crater) to cohesive failure in the PEEK material near the interface. C-O-Al chemical bond at the joint interface was formed based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Numerical simulations revealed tensile stress components at the interface during crack initiation, which drove the PEEK structures in cup-shaped craters to pull out through tilting deformation. In contrast, the innovative vase-shaped crater prevented the PEEK pull-out failure by the interlocking effect from the neck structure on the crater's inwall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Manufacturing Processes","volume":"142 ","pages":"Pages 18-29"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}