Arts and social sciences journal最新文献

{"title":"The Perceived Factors of Student Suicide in Fiji","authors":"Rosalie Muertigue, K. Naiker","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000359","url":null,"abstract":"Teenage suicide rate in Fiji is increasing every year. This paper examined on the factors that lead to students’ suicide in Fiji as well as the school’s roles in preventing suicide attempts. Based on this study, the researchers found out various causes of student suicide in Fiji. Parents and teachers are involved in curbing this problem. Several factors that cause student suicide are identified during data gathering. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the 20 participants of the University of Fiji. The study can help guide the development of campus-based prevention programs at the university.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133601202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needs for In-service Professional Development of Teachers to Improve Students’ Academic Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"O. A. Ajani","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000330","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impacts of in-service professional development activities on the academic performance of students in Nigerian secondary schools, using secondary schools in Lagos, a state in Nigeria as a case study. The outcomes of this study revealed that relevant, very objective and well designed in-service professional development of teachers promote effective instructional tasks delivery of teachers, which lead to better academic performance in internal and external examinations. \u0000In-service professional development is important to quality education; it equips teachers (through seminars, workshops, conferences, mentorship and other activities) with relevant, current and effective knowledge, skills, values and attitudes that promote academic excellence in teaching and learning in school system. These activities (if well designed) improved teaching skills of participating teachers and ensure better academic performance of the learners. \u0000This paper, therefore recommends variety of well designed, purposeful, relevant, learner-centred teaching skills and regular professional development structures for all teachers to promote quality education and excellent performance in learners’ academic. \u0000A Learner-Centred In-Service Professional Development Model (LIPD) was also designed for the effective professional development of teachers in this study. A model that will make in-service professional development of teachers to be functional to teaching and learning in schools.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115943648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relations between the State and the University in Ethiopia: The Case of Addis Ababa University Since 1950","authors":"G. Shaw","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000327","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relations between the University and State (political power) with a particular reference of Addis Ababa University under the three successive regimes. Methodologically, the study employed qualitative methodological approach and case study research design. Accordingly, the study has used both primary and secondary sources of data in which primary data were gathered through key informant interviews while secondary data were collected from books, journal articles, reports and institutional website sources. In view of that, the study employed qualitative methods of data analysis particularly document analysis and descriptive narrative. The finding of the study shows that there exist a complex, even sometimes a destructive, and in certain cases a hostile relation between the University (Addis Ababa University) and the State which is an element of continuity. The study identifies that the university-State relation under the three regimes have followed a top-down approach with a different degree. Though each supplies the other, their relations remain suspicious. On the one hand, the university contributes to the socio-economic and political development of the State by producing manpower while the State provides fund. On the other hand, the university, throughout the three regimes, has always been a source of resistance, protest, and even revolution and armed struggle. This is common to all the three regimes. As a response, all the three regimes have responded violently though with different. The study has come up with the reasons that cause the relations between the university and the State uncertain and suspicious. This includes absence of institutional autonomy and academic freedom, State interference, State dominance of the administration of university and the political orientation of each regime. This study, therefore, calls that unless the top down model of relations between the university and the State is not revised, and institutional autonomy granted, it would be the norm to have tense relations between them. Thus, it would be paramount to have a culture of interdependence in their future relations.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126540223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paper on: Human Rights Entitle to Preserve Separate Identity under the FDRE Constitution: Problems, Challenges and Future Trends","authors":"Belete Mehari","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000328","url":null,"abstract":"The 1995 FDRE Constitution establishes an ethnic based federal state structure. The new political system recognizes the fundamental rights and freedoms of the Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities and Peoples to exercise the right to self-determination up to and including secession and other identity related rights as solutions to the earlier unequal relationships among ethno-national groups in the country. With that in mind, this paper has four main parts. First, it states the constitutional recognition of ethnic groups under the constitution. In the second part, an attempt will be made to examine the rights that help to preserve separate identity and related right in the FDRE constitution. Third, it analyzes the challenges and problems to exercise the rights entitle to separate identity in the perspective of ethnic federalism in Ethiopia. Fourth, it attempts to speculate on its future prospects. And finally, it concludes by summarizing the main points of all sections.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129537687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping out the Historical Role of Food in Conflict Resolution: An AfricanPerspective 1994-2000","authors":"S. Amiara","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000311","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, man has always existed as food gatherer, tilling the soil to produce what he could eat. With the advancement in civilization, man turned to agriculturalist cultivating crops to feed himself and his family. Population explosion and the changes in technological development gave rise to mechanized agricultural system where crops and food items are produced in large quantity thereby creating land scarcity which often leads to violent confrontation. Conflict has become a re-occurring decimal that touches all facets of human life. It is a phenomenon that adversely retards development. But despite the fact that conflict appears to be destructive in nature, however, there are constructive conflicts that fosters societal development. These kind of conflicts mostly end in win-win outcome, a situation where parties to conflict embark on constructive peace processes that could lead to social harmony. In doing so, they begin to offer helping hands to the victims, the help could come in form of food or other relief materials to enable victims regain some of their loses. It is against this backdrop therefore, that this paper takes a historical examination of the role of food in conflict resolution, using the Nsobo/Ikwo communal dispute as a case study. The paper argues that disputes resolved with the round table breaking of fast approach are highly unlikely to degenerate into violent conflict.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127172272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Affecting the Employeesâ Turnover at the Ministry of High Education in Gaza Governorates-Case study: North and West Gaza Directorates of Education","authors":"W. I. Al-Habil, Abed Allah, Momhammed Shehadah","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at identifying the factors which influence the turnover phenomenon of the Employees of the Ministry of Education and Higher Education in the Gaza Strip. The Ministry of Education in Gaza suffers from the employee turnover phenomenon. Statistics show that the number of employees who have quit their jobs at the Ministry since 2010 is 829 administrative staff and teachers. This requires the attraction of new employees to fill the vacancies. The study population included all of the previous employees, including teachers, who have worked at North and West Gaza Governorates and willingly quit since 2010. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher gathered the data from different sources. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted through using a stratified random sample of the research population. The study sample consisted of previous teachers who worked at public schools and administrative staff and professionals who worked at the North and West Gaza governorates. The total number of sample individuals was 307; then 260 questionnaires were distributed and 239 were retrieved. SPSS Program was used for the data analysis. The results show that all work-related factors (payments, job performance, role clarity, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) influence the employees’ turnover. As for external factors (employment perception and unions’ presence), the results show that employees’ turnover is affected by the employment perception, but not affected by the presence of a union. The Multiple Correlation Coefficient R=0.776 and R-Square=0.589. This means that 58.9% of the variation in Turnover is explained by all independent variables together. The study recommends decision makers at the Ministry of Education to search for the connection between employees’ turnover and turnover intentions. In addition, it should make use of the data it collects about the turnover intentions to identify and target valuable employees with high turnover intentions. The employees’ job satisfaction should be evaluated and reinforced, and meetings should be held with quitters to understand the factors which led to their resignation. To limit employees’ turnover phenomenon, the Ministry should work on achieving better level of organizational commitment.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132121388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inexorable Computer-aided Communication in an Online Relationship Formation: A Cross-Cultural Communication Elucidation","authors":"Edgar R. Eslit, Ph.D.","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000306","url":null,"abstract":"The Computer and the Internet have enriched people’s perspectives on how individuals communicate and establish intimate online relationship across cultures. With the appearance of Computer-aided Communication (CAC), new notions towards understanding the importance of relationship maintenance, interdependence, commitment and relationship barriers in Cross-cultural communication situation have surfaced. Some individual find the use of modern communication technology dynamic while others find it superficial. Because of this, issues and concerns relating to the parameters of its use and how it affects friendship in the context of cross-cultural communication are opening all kinds challenging ideas for researchers all over the globe to explore. Hence, this study ventured into investigating the Computer-aided intimate friendship between Filipino students and their foreign friends: Towards an emerging Cross-cultural communication. Cultural Dimension, Relational Maintenance, and CAC theories served as primary theoretical backbones for this research. As this research was qualitative in nature, methodologies used include in-depth interviews, questionnaire and focus group discussion (FGD) which was voluntarily participated in by Filipino college students and their intimate online foreign friends. Results showed that informants utilized practical relationship maintenance strategies. Relative to publicized relationship maintenance strategies, however, another three notable strategies came to the surface. These are Material and financial support, Cyber-sensual activity and Constant and regular communication through CAC. Such strategies profoundly created strong interdependence and commitment that help broke certain relationship barriers between the collectivist and individualist informants. Further, informants convincingly explicated seven (7) online interaction practices that magnified the conceptualization of an emerging cross-cultural communication pattern. These practices are: a) Openness in communication; b) Willingness to commit to one’s online friend; c) Benefiting from distance interaction; d) Strong Interdependence; e) Practical relationship maintenance strategies amidst relationship barriers; f) Active participation of social networks; and, g) Mutual support. Overall, the study brought the “techno-dyadic cross-cultural communication pattern” to the fore.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124834698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scholastic Aptitude Test, Sex and Department as Predictors of University Academic Performance: The Case of Addis Ababa University","authors":"Mohammed Gobeze","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000314","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the present study was to assess the predictive power of SAT, Sex and Department in AAU College of Science and Social Science. To analyse and interpret the collected data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was employed to see the magnitude and direction of the relationship between the predictor variables and the criterion measure. To see the percentage of variance in students first year CGPA that can be explained by predictor variables multiple regression was used. Lastly, to identify relative contribution of predictor variables (or to identify the best predictor variable step-wise regression was employed. Predictor variables are statistically significant predictors of college academic performance for all participants 17.6% (R2=0.176, F (3, 296) =21.068, P<0.05). Regarding the gender, there is a significant difference between male and female students college academic performance. A large amount of variance accounted for was found for female students 22% (R2=0.220, F (2, 95) =13.362, P<0.05) than for males 13.2% (R2=0.132, F (2,199) =15.095, P<0.05). When the disciplines are considered, College of Science was found to be a more significantly predicted field of studies 17.5%(R2=0.175, F(3, 151)=10.697, P<0.05) than Social Science 8.4% (R2=0.084, F(3, 141)=4.317, P<0.05). Regarding the relative contribution of each predictor variables, the study result showed that department was the best predictor followed by SAT. Sex was a non-significant predictor of college CGPA. Hence, further investigation is required to conduct a study on the predictive power of sex.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122339889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Educational inequality and quality of life: A comparative study of secondary schools in Central and Northern Uganda","authors":"Winfred Naamara, Sylvia Nabasumba, Christine Nabadda","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000316","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Drawing on a comparative analysis from central and northern regions of Uganda, we identified the factors that are associated with educational inequality and quality of life in secondary schools in both regions.Methods: Our sample comprised of 358 students and 72 key informants, primary data were mainly collected through interviews and structured questionnaires. Thematic analysis of qualitative data was done by identifying common themes based on the objectives of the study, while quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).Results: Most of the factors that were identified applied to both regions as the central region has a significant number or people from other parts of the country including the northern region. However, some factors were more prevalent in the northern region. Among the factors that were found to bring about inequality in both regions included gender-based inequality, family economic status and policy related factors.Conclusion: Overall, the study concluded that the central region is better equipped to offer quality education due to availability of a better infrastructure and staff remuneration, however, efforts are being made to improve the quality of education in the northern region as well.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116421219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Perception of Electorate in Kosovo on Structure of the Report between Political Ideology and Political Parties","authors":"Burim Mexhuani","doi":"10.4172/2151-6200.1000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2151-6200.1000303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to explain the perception of Kosovo’s electorate about the relationship of political parties in Kosovo with ideology. For the purpose of empirical testing of the Ideology report with political parties in Kosovo as part of the study, it was judged to undertake a survey to investigate how the Kosovo electorate perceived the policy report with ideology. On primary resources, the data provided by the survey conducted with 310 respondents in Kosovo were used. Through this survey we will present the results of the interpretation of the data provided by the frequency tables and the cross tablets. In this presentation, generally, data from one-variable and two-variable crosstab data and statistical values of Cramer’s V compilation values and Approx. Sig. to the Symmetric Measures table. After the data presentations, the interpretation of these values will be made with their possible significant statistical associations and the empirical test report on the implications under consideration.","PeriodicalId":161420,"journal":{"name":"Arts and social sciences journal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132463287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}