Journal of Infection Prevention最新文献

{"title":"Late poor outcomes of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infections in oncological patients: A multicentre cohort study.","authors":"Esther Calbo, Sergi Hernández, Nieves Sopena, Laia Castellá, Joaquín Lopez-Contreras, Jordi Cuquet, Maria López-Sánchez, Rafel Pérez, Carlota Gudiol, Ana Coloma, Mariló Marimón, Joan Espinach, Marta Andres, Purificación Martos, Gonçalo Carvalho Rodrigues, Enric Limón","doi":"10.1177/17571774231165410","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231165410","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer has been associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality in CDI patients. However, data on delayed mortality in cancer patients with CDI are scarce.</p><p><strong>Aim/objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to compare outcomes between oncological patients and the general population with <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection (CDI) after 90 days of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted in 28 hospitals participating in the VINCat program. Cases were all consecutive adult patients who met the case definition of CDI. Sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological variables and evolution at discharge and after 90 days were recorded for each case.</p><p><strong>Findings/results: </strong>The mortality rate was higher in oncological patients (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.08-2.67). In addition, oncological patients receiving chemotherapy (CT) presented higher recurrence rates (18.5% vs 9.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.049). Among oncological patients treated with metronidazole, those with active CT showed a higher rate of recurrence (35.3% vs 8.0% <i>p</i> = 0.04).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Oncological patients presented a higher risk of poor outcomes after CDI. Their early and late mortality rates were higher than in the general population, and in parallel, those undergoing chemotherapy (especially those receiving metronidazole) had higher rates of recurrence.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health care associated infections, antimicrobial resistance and outcomes in patients admitted to intensive care unit, India: A five-Year retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Santenna Chenchula, Balakrishnan Sadasivam, Ajay Shukla, Saman Pathan, Saurabh Saigal","doi":"10.1177/17571774231161821","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231161821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The present study was conducted to study the prevalence of HAIs in a newly established MICU, common microorganisms causing HAIs and their antibiotic-sensitivity profile, and antimicrobial utilization and mortality rate.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present retrospective cohort study was carried out at AIIMS, Bhopal (2015-2019). The prevalence of HAIs was determined; sites of HAIs and common causative microorganisms were identified, and their antibiotic-sensitivity profiles were studied. The group of patients with HAIs was matched with a control group drawn from the pool of patients without HAIs; this matching was done with respect to age, gender, and clinical diagnosis. Antimicrobial utilization, Period of ICU stay, comorbidities and patient mortality rates in the two groups were analyzed. The clinical criteria by the CDC- National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance to diagnose HAIs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 281 ICU patients' records were analyzed. The mean age was 47.21 ± 19.07 years. Of these 89 were found to have developed ICU-acquired HAIs (Prevalance:32%). Bloodstream infections (33%) and respiratory tract infections (30.68%), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (25.56%), and surgical site infections (6.76%) were the commonest. The most frequently isolated microorganism causing HAIs was K. pneumonia (18%), A. baumannii (14%) and <i>E. coli</i> (12%), 31% isolates of which were multidrug resistant. The average length of ICU stay was high in patients with HAIs (13.85 vs 8.2 days). The most common co-morbidity was type 2 diabetes mellitus (42.86%). Prolonged ICU stays [OR 1.13, (95% CI; 0.04-0.10)] and the presence of HAIs [OR 1.18(95%CI; (0.03-0.15)] were associated with an increased risk of mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An increased prevalence of HAIs essentially bloodstream infections and respiratory infections with MDR organisms to antimicrobials in the watch group is highly considerable. Acquisition of HAIs with MDR organisms and increased length of hospital stay are considerable risk factors for increased mortality in ICU-admitted patients. Regular antimicrobial stewardship activities and revising existing hospital infection control policies accordingly may reduce HAIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diary.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/17571774231176321","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231176321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10036472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nosocomial bacterial infections in Victoria decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Tess F Asgill,&nbsp;Douglas Stupart","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231159383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A number of infection control interventions were implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to reduce the spread of this virus.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine if these interventions were associated with reduced nosocomial bacterial infections in Victoria, Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Observational data were obtained from the Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System (VICNISS) based on admitted hospital patients in two 6-month timeframes representing pandemic and pre-pandemic hospital practices. Data were collected for surgical site infections, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> bacteraemia, <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> infection, and central line-associated bloodstream infections.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a significant reduction in the rates of <i>S. aureus</i> bacteraemia (0.74 infections/10, 000 bed days pre-pandemic vs. 0.53/10,000 bed days in the pandemic period [rate ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.57-0.90]; <i>p</i> = .003) and in <i>C. difficile</i> infections (2.2 infections/10,000 bed days pre-pandemic vs. 0.86/10 000 bed days in the pandemic era [rate ratio 0.76, 95% C.I. 0.67-0.86]; <i>p</i> <.001). There was no change in the overall rate of surgical site infections or central line-associated infections however.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The increased emphasis on infection control and prevention strategies during the pandemic period was associated with reduced transmission of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>C. difficile</i> infections within hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9974379/pdf/10.1177_17571774231159383.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10018942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of the germicidal effectiveness of ultraviolet disinfection across high-touch surfaces in the immediate patient environment.","authors":"Marisol Resendiz, Dawn Blanchard, Gordon F West","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159388","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17571774231159388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is not yet a consensus regarding the in-use effectiveness of ultraviolet irradiation (UV-C) as a supplementary tool for terminal room disinfection.</p><p><strong>Aims and objectives: </strong>To summarize and evaluate literature detailing the germicidal effectiveness of UV-C disinfection on high-touch surfaces in the patient environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was carried out utilizing PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included if intervention included UV-C after standard room disinfection in hospital rooms evaluated microbiologically by surface type.</p><p><strong>Findings/results: </strong>Twelve records met our criteria for inclusion. Studies predominantly focused on terminal disinfection of patient rooms, including five reports carried out in isolation rooms and three studies including operating room (OR) surfaces. Bedrails, remote controls, phones, tray tables, assist rails, floors, and toilets were the most commonly reported surfaces. Across study designs, surfaces, and room types, flat surfaces tended to showcase UV-C effectiveness best, particularly isolation room floors. In contrast, handheld surfaces (i.e., bed controls and assist bars) tended to show reduced efficacies (81-93%). In the OR, complex surfaces similarly demonstrated reduced UV-C effectiveness. Bathroom surfaces demonstrated 83% UV-C effectiveness overall, with surface characteristics uniquely impacted depending on the room type. Isolation room studies tended to include effectiveness comparison with standard treatment, reporting UV-C superiority most of the time.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review highlights the enhanced effectiveness of UV-C surface disinfection over standard protocols across various study designs and surfaces. However, surface and room characteristics do appear to play a role in the level of bacterial reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273798/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10298495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending infection prevention and control nursing (IPCN) provision to weekends at one National Health Service hospital in the United Kingdom: A feasibility and acceptability study.","authors":"Valerie Brueton,&nbsp;Lorraine Mooney,&nbsp;Neil Wigglesworth","doi":"10.1177/17571774231165406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231165406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hospital Infection Prevention and Control Teams (IPCTs) provide clinical cover during weekdays with on call support at weekends. We report the results of a 6-month pilot of extending infection prevention and control nursing (IPCN) clinical cover to weekends at one National Health Service trust in the United Kingdom.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined daily episodes of infection prevention and control (IPC) clinical advice given before and during the pilot of extended IPCN to weekends. Stakeholders rated the value, impact, and their awareness of the new extended IPCN cover.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Episodes of clinical advice given were more evenly distributed across the weeks during the pilot. Advantages for infection management, patient flow, and clinical workload were seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IPCN clinical cover at weekends is feasible and valued by stakeholders.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10273800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10302172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An International Systematic Review Concerning the Effect of Social Media Exposure on Public Compliance with Infection Prevention and Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Rachel Wall,&nbsp;Jean Evers,&nbsp;Deborah Haydock","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231159574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Effective health communication is crucial for achieving positive population health outcomes. This is important for infection prevention and control (IPC), which relies on widespread public compliance to be effective. Whilst social media (SM) platforms disseminate health information, there is conflicting evidence to suggest their influence on compliance with public health guidelines.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To appraise the available evidence and determine the extent to which social media exposure contributes to public compliance with IPC measures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic protocol based on the MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines was followed. Observational studies were identified through systematic searches of four electronic databases and a hand search. Following data extraction, eligible studies were quality assessed, and the findings were integrated using narrative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>15 studies were included. The studies located presented heterogeneous designs and findings. A weak positive association was identified, with 60% of the studies observing a positive association between social media and compliance with IPC measures. 26.7% identified a negative correlation, and 13.3% identified no correlation. Several factors were identified to mediate the relationship, including knowledge and conspiracy beliefs.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This systematic review identified a weak positive correlation between exposure to social media and public compliance with recommended IPC measures, suggesting that social media should be utilised in future IPC related communication strategies. Social media provides a cost-effective, publicly accessible platform to disseminate accurate information, and neutralise misinformation. Recommendations are made for further research to reduce the uncertainty created by the identification of heterogenous studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950031/pdf/10.1177_17571774231159574.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9673812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emotional intelligence: Its place in infection prevention and control.","authors":"Mark Cole","doi":"10.1177/17571774231159573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231159573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Infection Prevention Societies Competency Framework is a detailed tool that recognises the multi factorial work of Infection Prevention and Control Teams. This work often takes place in complex, chaotic and busy environments where non-compliance with policies, procedures and guidelines is endemic. As reductions in Healthcare Associated Infection became a health service priority the tone of Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) became increasingly uncompromising and punitive. This can create conflict between IPC professionals and clinicians who may take a different view as to the reasons for sub optimum practice. If unresolved, this can create a tension that has a negative impact on working relationships and ultimately patient outcomes.</p><p><strong>Concepts and context: </strong>Emotional Intelligence, that ability to recognise, understand and manage our own emotions and recognise, understand and influence the emotions of others, is not something, hitherto, that has been headlined as an attribute for individuals working in IPC. Individuals with higher level of Emotional Intelligence show a greater capacity for learning, deal with pressure more effectively, communicate in interesting and assertive ways and recognise the strengths and weaknesses of others. Overall, the trend is that they are more productive and satisfied in the workplace.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Emotional Intelligence should be a much sought after trait in IPC as this will better equip a post holder to deliver challenging IPC programmes. When appointing to an IPC team, the candidates Emotional Intelligence should be considered and then developed through a process of education and reflection.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10090572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9322376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Containment of COVID-19 outbreak at a veterans affairs community living center.","authors":"Khalid M Dousa,&nbsp;Laura Hmiel,&nbsp;Brian Klonowski,&nbsp;Trina F Zabarsky,&nbsp;Kimberly Pyatt,&nbsp;Usha Stiefel,&nbsp;Curtis J Donskey,&nbsp;Robin Lp Jump","doi":"10.1177/17571774231158205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231158205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic staff and residents likely contribute to widespread transmission of COVID-19 in long-term care settings. Here, we describe the successful containment of a COVID-19 outbreak on one floor of a 163-bed Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Center (CLC). Testing using nasopharyngeal swabs with a rapid turn-around-time identified 3 of 28 (11%) residents and 2 of 41 (5%) healthcare personnel (HCP) with COVID-19. Both HCP likely worked on the floor while pre-symptomatic. When one HCP reported a cough to the secondary (employee) screening clinic, she was erroneously advised to work. Protocols to limit the risk for HCP to import COVID-19 were reinforced with Community Living Center staff as well as with personnel in secondary screening. Further, the CLC implemented an expanded screening tool that assessed residents for typical and atypical symptoms of COVID-19. No further cases of COVID-19 were detected on the CLC floor in the subsequent 6 weeks. Swift recognition and response helped contain the outbreak and prevent further COVID-19 infections among other residents and staff.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9950029/pdf/10.1177_17571774231158205.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of effective policy interventions and strategies to address antibiotic misuse within primary healthcare in India: A qualitative study.","authors":"Mohit Nair,&nbsp;Nora Engel,&nbsp;Maurice P Zeegers,&nbsp;Sakib Burza","doi":"10.1177/17571774231158778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17571774231158778","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance poses a major public health threat. Despite Indian retail sector antibiotic consumption per capita increasing by approximately 22% between 2008 and 2016, empirical studies that examine policy or behavioural interventions addressing antibiotic misuse in primary healthcare are scarce. Our study aimed to assess perceptions of interventions and gaps in policy and practice with respect to outpatient antibiotic misuse in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted 23 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with a variety of key informants with diverse backgrounds in academia, non-government organisations, policy, advocacy, pharmacy, medicine and others. Data were charted into a framework matrix and analysed using a hybrid, inductive and deductive thematic analysis. Themes were analysed and organised according to the socio-ecological model at various levels ranging from the individual to the enabling environment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key informants largely focused on the importance of adopting a structural perspective to addressing socio-ecological drivers of antibiotic misuse. There was a recognition that educational interventions targeting individual or interpersonal interactions were largely ineffective, and policy interventions should incorporate behavioural nudge interventions, improve the healthcare infrastructure and embrace task shifting to rectify staffing disparities in rural areas.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prescription behaviour is perceived to be governed by structural issues of access and limitations in public health infrastructure that create an enabling environment for antibiotic overuse. Interventions should move beyond a clinical and individual focus on behaviour change with respect to antimicrobial resistance and aim for structural alignment between existing disease specific programs and between the informal and formal sector of healthcare delivery in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":16094,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Infection Prevention","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a3/a7/10.1177_17571774231158778.PMC10090571.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9322377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}