Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science最新文献

{"title":"Isolation of anti-fungal agent from a soil inhabitant Streptomyces albaduncus-M51 and its efficacy against osmophilic food spoilage by Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"S. Ibrahim, M. F. A. El-Salam","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20160530063639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20160530063639","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study was performed to isolate antifungal substance from actinomycetes species found in soil in order to avoid osmophilic food spoilage. \u0000Methods: Purified isolates of different actinomycetes collected from soil in Makkah region, Saudi Arabia were screened for their antifungal bioactivity against the unicellular fungal strain, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The actinomycete isolate that showed the highest fungal inhibition potency was selected and identified. Antifungal metabolite fermented by identified isolate was extracted and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. Food preservative efficacy of the extracted crude fungicide was tested against osmophilic foods spoilage. \u0000Results: Among 59 actinomycetes strains, 10 isolates exhibited antifungal efficacy against S. cerevisiae. Only one isolate was the most potent fungicidal and identified as Streptomyces albaduncus-M51. Crude antifungal was extracted and MIC value found to be 25µg/ml against the tested yeast strain. Yeast colonies were completely undetected in treated food samples at crude extract concentration (150µl/100ml for liquid foods and 200µl/100mg for solid samples). \u0000Conclusion: The antifungal agent produced by S.albaduncus-M51 demonstrated an obvious inhibitory effect against S. cerevisiae that causes osmophilic foods spoilage.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"38-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89746063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Study of Microbiological and Physicochemical Quality of Water from Boreholes and Hand-dug Wells located in Ejisu-Juaben Municipal District's Urban Communities -","authors":"Yaw Owusu Afriyie Kusi","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20160517103749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20160517103749","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The microbial and physico-chemical quality of water from boreholes and hand-dug wells in urban communities within the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality of Ashanti region was studied. Method: Water samples were collected from three boreholes and three hand-dug wells selected randomly from each community and the water samples analyzed using various standard methods. Results: pH of the water from boreholes and hand-dug wells ranged from pH 4.34-5.13 units which fell below WHO guideline value for drinking water. The water was non-saline with all TDS values less than 1000 mg/l and soft to slightly hard (18.89-127.00 mg/l CaCO3). The anion (SO4-2, NO3-, Cl- and F-) levels in the water samples from selected boreholes and hand-dug wells were observed to be low and fell within the WHO guideline values. One borehole at Ejisu and two boreholes at Juaben recorded total coliform in water samples with mean values of 2.08 x 104 and 3.06 x 104 CFU 100ml-1 respectively with zero counts for faecal coliform and E. coli. Boreholes at Fumesua and Bonwire recorded zero counts for total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E. coli. Only one borehole at Besease recorded total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E. coli in water samples. Most hand-dug wells selected for the study recorded total coliforms, faecal coliforms and E. coli in samples with mean values of 4.92 x 105, 1.01x105 and 3.81 x 104 CFU 100ml-1 respectively. The mean differences of total coliforms, faecal coliform and E. coli counts between boreholes and hand-dug well was highly significant (p=0.001, p=0.014 and p=0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Bacteriological quality of the water from all hand-dug wells were very poor (above detectable limits) compared to the boreholes and thus must be treated before use.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"30-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84071274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Occupational Lead Exposure on Haematological Indices among Petrol Station Attendants and Automobile Mechanics in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria","authors":"N. Ibeh, J. Aneke, C. Okocha, C. Okeke, Joseph Nwachukwuma","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20160320022500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20160320022500","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lead adversely affects a number of organ systems in the body, especially in at risk occupational groups. Objective: To evaluate the influence of serum lead levels on heamatological parameters among petrol station attendants (PSAs) and auto mobile mechanics in Nnewi, South-east Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: One hundred subjects (including 25 PSAs, 25 auto mobile mechanics and 50 normal controls) were prospectively recruited. Five mililiter of blood was collected for full blood count (FBC) and serum lead estimation, FBC was done using haematology auto-analyzer (SYSMEX PE 6800), while lead estimation was done with atomic absorption spectrophotometer ((AAS model: 240FSAA). Results were expressed as means ±SD, while associations between variable were explored using student t-test and analysis of variance. Ethical clearance was sought and obtained from our institutional review board and all participants gave informed consent. Results: Serum lead and white blood cell count (WBC) were significantly higher in auto mechanics compared with PSAs and controls (P values < 0.001), while haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and platelet count were significantly higher in controls, compared to PSAs and auto mechanics (P values","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91196532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connecting occupational safety awareness, legislation, implementation and enforcement within the Ghanaian industrial economy","authors":"S. O. Appiah","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20160711042737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20160711042737","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The high incidence of workplace injuries and fatalities in Ghana raises concerns about potential disconnection between occupational safety legislations and their efficient enforcement within the Ghanaian industrial economy. This paper therefore sought to examine the extent to which legitimate occupational legislations are implemented and enforced and monitored in Ghanaian Industrial economy. Materials and Method: The study respondents were 70 comprising 50 workers (10 from each of the five departments in Pioneer Food Cannery), 3 Top management members, 5 Departmental heads, 5 Supervisors from the Safety department, 5 members of the Plant Safety Team and 2 officials from the Department of Factories Inspectorate in the Tema Industrial Area selected by simple random and purposive sampling methods. In-depth Interviews, key informant interviews and direct field observations were used to collect primary data in 2014/2015 and thematically analysed n 2015. Results: Though management had put in place some policies, mechanisms and regulations including the provision of personal protective equipment, the institution of safety committees, the supervision and enforcement of the mechanisms and policies in place was ineffective and inefficient as the safety department had only five supervisors.. Also the Department of Factories Inspectorate is woefully resourced in terms of personnel and logistics leading to poor inspection and enforcement of safety regulations. Conclusions: The paper posits that, there is a disconnection between occupational health and safety laws and their enforcement at the industrial level and calls for proper resourcing of the agencies responsible with enforcement.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"170 1","pages":"53-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77537406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STIMULATED BIODEGRADATION OF WASTE LUBICATING OIL IN SOIL, USING WATER HYACINTH AND GOAT DROPPINGS. -","authors":"F. Doherty, I. Aneyo, Nimota shobowale","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20160530063707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20160530063707","url":null,"abstract":"SUMMARY Background Soil contamination with used engine oil is becoming a major environmental problem due to uncontrollable disposal, particularly in developing countries. Eichhornia Crassipes (water hyacinth) has been recognized as the world’s most harmful weed. The aim of this research is therefore to determine the potentials of water hyacinth and goat droppings in enhancing biodegradation of used engine oil in soil. Materials and methods Water hyacinth plants were chopped, sun dried, ground into powder and autoclaved at 1210C for 15 minutes. 200g of Soil was placed in vessels labelled A,B and C, 2.5% of used lubricating motor oil was added, pulverised, and left undisturbed. After 2 days 10% of each organic waste (ground water hyacinth and goat droppings) was added to each vessel of oil polluted soil, labeled A and B. Vessel C with only soil and used lubricating oil served as control. Periodic sampling was carried out at 15 days interval for 75 days. Soil samples were collected from different areas of the microcosm for isolation and enumeration of bacteria and determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon. Results Microbial growth was highest in contaminated soil amended with water hyacinth with total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 20×107 to 68×107 cfu/g and total hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranging from 10×106 to 40×106cfu/g. This was closely followed by soil amended with goat droppings with total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 18.8×107 to 60×107cfu/g and hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count ranging from 8.5×106 to 38×106cfu/g. Unamended soil had the lowest microbial count with total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 4.0×107 to 7.2107cfu/g and 7.5×106 to 20×106cfu/g for hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria count. 91% loss in hydrocarbon was observed in the water hyacinth amended soil. Conclusion The biostimulative effect was observed with the increase in microbial population count in contaminated soil amended with water hyacinth. This study confirms that water hyacinth and goat droppings have the potential to stimulate bioremediation of hydrocarbon polluted soil. Keywords- Biodegradation, water hyacinth, soil","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"25 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78242384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose and dose-rate effectiveness of radiation: first objectivity then conclusions -","authors":"Sergei V. Jargin","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20160412075846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20160412075846","url":null,"abstract":"This letter comments on the ongoing re-evaluation of the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor (DDREF) equal to 2.0, currently recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The topics of DDREF and threshold are related to the linear no-threshold theory (LNT), which does not take into account that DNA damage and repair are in dynamic equilibrium probably reached in a long term. Living organisms must have been adapted by natural selection to the today’s background level of radiation or to some average from the past, when the radiation background was higher. Dosedependent self-selection of exposed people and other biases common in epidemiological studies, cited in support of the DDREF lowering, are discussed here. In conclusion, the LNT and under-estimation of DDREF tend to exaggerate radiationrelated health risks at low dose and dose rates exposures. Future risk estimates should be based on direct comparisons of experimental data from acute and protracted exposures.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"26 1","pages":"25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73390328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consequences of the Fukushima nuclear accident with special reference to the perinatal mortality and abortion rate","authors":"Sergei V. Jargin","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20161203085139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20161203085139","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"77 1","pages":"82-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80854531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manganese induced hematological alteration in Wistar rats","authors":"M. Chandel, G. Jain","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20161126061501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20161126061501","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace metal that act as cofactor in many cellular enzymes. The present study was designed to evaluate toxic effects of manganese chloride (MnCl2.4H2O) on marker hematological parameters in rats after sub chronic exposure and after 60 days of treatment withdrawal. Method: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. In group I, the rats were treated with vehicle (0.5 ml distilled water) and served as control. The rats in group II, III and IV were exposed to MnCl2 (50, 100 and 150 mg/kg b.wt./day, p.o. respectively) for 120 days. Half of the rats of group IV were followed by 60 days post exposure recovery period and served as group V. Results: The results of the study showed significant dose dependent decrease in red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct) value, platelet count and significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count after MnCl2 exposure, Whereas no significant changes were observed in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) after treatment. Scanning electron microscopic study of blood showed a dose dependent increase in abnormal shaped RBCs in MnCl2 treated rats. Most of the effects in these parameters were recovered after 60 days of treatment withdrawal. Conclusion: The results of the study reveals that MnCl2 exposure resulted in hematological toxicity in rats and most of the changes in these parameters recovered when Mn exposure was ceased.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"2 1","pages":"77-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88992452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health risk assessments of some toxic metals in stockfish sold in Nigeria.","authors":"A. Emokpae, Blessing Ehiaghe Omongbale","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20160413104945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20160413104945","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Stockfish is a popular delicacy in Nigeria but, because of high cost of the fish most consumers purchase and consume head bones, fins and gills. We hypothesized that fins and gills may contain higher concentrations of toxic metals. To evaluate some toxic metals levels in the body tissue, gills and fins of cod stockfish sold in three different cities in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: The concentrations of cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic were determined in percloric: nitric: sulphuric acid (1:2:2) dissolved fins, body tissue and gills of cod stockfish using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrophotometer. Results: The concentrations of cadmium and lead were significantly higher (p","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"51 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90625781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION ON OXIDATIVE STRESS BIOMARKERS IN AFRICAN CAT FISH (CLARIAS GARIEPINUS) FROM ASEJIRE RIVER IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA -","authors":"O. Arojojoye, A. M. Adeosun","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20161122030636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20161122030636","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fishes are widely used as model organisms for the assessment of the quality of aquatic environment and can therefore serve as bioindicators of environmental pollution. In this study, the activities of Superoxide dismutase, Catalase , Glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and Malondialdehyde formation were determined in the organs of African Catfish, Clarias gariepinus from Asejire River in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. The River receives effluents discharged from various industries and it is suspected to be polluted. Materials and Methods: Clarias gariepinus weighing between 250g-400g were collected from Asejire River and Clarias gariepinus from a clean fish farm (Durantee fisheries) were used as the control. Results: A significant increase in malondialdehyde formation was observed in the liver, kidney and gills of Clarias gariepinus from Asejire River compared with control. Superoxide dismutase, Catalase and GST activities decreased in the organs of the fish. There was also a decrease in GSH concentration in the liver and kidney of Clarias gariepinus from Asejire River compared with control but GSH concentration increased in the gills of the fish. Conclusion: The results of this study show that there was induction of oxidative stress in the organs of Clarias gariepinus from Asejire River reflecting the pollution status of the River.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73236088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}