Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science最新文献

{"title":"Modeling and Analyzing for Thermal Protection of Firefighters' Glove by Phase Change Material.","authors":"Susan S Xu,&nbsp;Jonisha Pollard,&nbsp;Weihuan Zhao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Firefighter injures caused by burns and thermal stress occupies around 5%-10% of the total injuries annually. Glove is the thinnest/weakest components among the firefighter turnout gear, which can put firefighters, are at risk of severe wrist and hand burns during fire calls. Burns can occur quickly and enhancing the thermal protective performance of firefighters' gloves will prevent these burns. One-dimensional (1D) heat transfer modeling and simulations were performed through the COMSOL Multiphysics software to investigate the improvement of thermal protective performance when integrating a Phase Change Material (PCM) layer into a conventional structural firefighting glove. Parametric studies were conducted to explore the effects of PCM thermal properties, layer thickness, and location in glove structure on hand protection. It was found that a PCM with a higher density, specific heat, and latent heat of fusion had a larger heat capacity and thermal inertia, resulting in better thermal protective performance. The optimum melting point of PCM was found to be in the range of 80°C-140°C. A PCM layer with a thickness of 0.5 mm-1.0 mm showed sufficient thermal protection. The location of the PCM layer should be close to the inner glove surface for high-heat situations. Overall, modeling suggests that the addition of a PCM layer could significantly enhance the thermal protective performance of firefighters' gloves, with results showing increased time (2-4 times as long) for skin to reach second-degree burn temperature when compared to the conventional glove without PCM.</p>","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"12 2","pages":"118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6d/88/nihms-1880812.PMC10084728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9658737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in implementing of school-based recruitment for human biomonitoring research","authors":"A. Hadjipanayis, E. Efstathiou, Antonia Hadjieftychiou, L. Demetriou, G. Lavranos, A. Katsonouri","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20190103100230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20190103100230","url":null,"abstract":"Aims School-based research involves a multi-level process to ensure recruitment of an adequate and reliable sample. The aim of this study is to present the experience of school recruitment of the DEMOCOPHES study in Cyprus. Moreover, methods and strategies to improve recruitment rates are described. Methods The target population of the DEMOCOPHES study was children aged 6-11 years old and their mothers. Cyprus was required to recruit 60 children and their mothers. Random selection of the schools was followed. The information material was provided to the teacher of the selected classes who subsequently distributed it to the children. Personal follow-up contact via telephone call was made with the parents living in the rural areas only. Results Twenty one percent eligibility and consent rate for participation was reached. In schools where parents were followed-up by telephone calls, the response rate was significantly higher compared to those not followed-up by reminders (58% vs 42%, p< 0.05). Conclusions Despite the limitations of applicability and representativity, school-based recruitment has been shown to be a feasible and reliable strategy. It is an attractive approach of enrolling young populations into epidemiological studies. Follow-up reminders via telephone calls significantly increased the response rate.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75660577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Exposure to Mercury in Dental Professionals Performing Mercury Dental Amalgam Restoration Removal Procedures: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Air Quality Risk Assessment Model Supported by In-Vitro Results","authors":"A. Leonard, L. Meunier","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20190618124117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20190618124117","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To quantify risks associated with exposure to dental amalgam mercury resulting from aerosolization during and following dental fillings removal procedures performed by dental professional over a lifetime of professional practice. Methods: A computational fluid dynamics model was generated using particle size, density, and compositional data obtained from in-vitro aerosolization experiments simulating the environment and breathing conditions of a dental professional performing a dental amalgam restoration removal procedure. Analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry. Data was collected in 2018-2019. Results: Experiments reveal that approximately 58% of mercury contained within the amalgam material is vaporized during removal procedures, and that aerosolized particles, ranging in size from 0.85 to 570 microns, may remain in suspension for nearly two minutes in the area surrounding the working surface. For dental professionals performing on average 9 such restorations per week, the estimated chronic daily intake (CDI) of mercury is 49 micrograms/kilogram-day, which exceed – by more than 20 times – the CDI recommended by the World Health Organization. Data analysis was performed in 2019. Conclusion: Because the CDI exceed recommended safe exposure limits, dental professionals should wear respiratory and personal protective equipment to protect them from exposure to both mercury vapour and mercury-containing particulates for at least two minutes following removal procedures.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81346678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nesting materials may cause pneumonia-like findings in Sprague Dawley rats","authors":"R. Oğur, T. Ogur, B. Uysal, E. Oztaş","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20170523122517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20170523122517","url":null,"abstract":"Aim/Background: In the studies conducted with laboratory animals, using wood shavings as cage nesting material may have an impact on study results. However, there is not sufficient information on the effects on lungs due to using wood shavings. We have aimed to radiologically and histopathologically examine possible lung pathologies, which can be seen on laboratory animals in which wooden shavings are used as filling materials. Method: In this study, 20 male Sprague Dawley rats have been divided into two groups and put into the cages one by one with and without filling materials. At the beginning and end of the four-week monitoring process, their lung radiographies have been taken. Additionally, their lung tissues have been histopathologically examined at the end of the study, and ion chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses were performed. Results: Pneumonia-like findings were detected in the lungs of animals in cages where wooden shavings are used, and diagnosis has been confirmed histopathologically. Chlorate has been detected both in lungs of animals for which pathology has formerly been detected and in wooden shavings used; 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl has also been detected in wood shavings and pathological lungs. Conclusions: Detected chemicals may contribute to the lung pathology, which is seen on animals in which wooden shavings are used as filling material. It was concluded that avoiding wooden shavings as filling material in the experimental studies conducted with laboratory animals is going to be more reasonable in terms of reliability of results and health of animals.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83392518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Selected Vegetables from Wudil, Farmlands In Kano State, Nigeria for Organophosphorus and Organochlorine Pesticide Residues.","authors":"C. Ononamadu, M. Barau, K. Salawu, G. Ihegboro, T. Owolarafe, A. T. Lawal, M. L. Oshobu, Paul E Unah","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20190423035112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20190423035112","url":null,"abstract":"Improper pesticide use in Agriculture in rural areas portends huge health hazard to humans and other biological life forms. This present study was aimed at screening four vegetables randomly sampled from selected farmlands in Wudil, Kano State of Nigeria for pesticide residues and their derivatives with intention of determining possible contamination from pesticides residues. The extraction was carried out by standard procedures and the identification and quantification of pesticide residues were carried out by GC-MS analysis. The result revealed chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus) as the only known active pesticide residue detected in all four vegetables. The mean levels detected were 1.42, 1.69, 1.86 and 2.10mg/kg of sample for spinach, carrot, cabbage and garden egg, respectively. The levels of chlorpyrifos detected in all four vegetables were significantly higher (p","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87243595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of drinking water sources in Ankara city with PCR method","authors":"R. Oğur","doi":"10.5455/JEOS.20120831013048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JEOS.20120831013048","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: We aimed to analyze drinking and use waters of the Ankara Provincial Center by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique which widely used in many areas of health sciences. Methods: Tap water, well water and bottled water samples are included in this study. A total of 111 water samples were taken from different locations. Water samples were analysed using a quadruplex PCR technique for availability of thermotolerant coliform, Escherichia coli, Shigella and Salmonella bacteria. Also Giardia parasite was investigated using standard PCR technique in water samples. The \"freezing and thawing\" method was used for the isolation of DNA in microorganisms. Mini-gel electropheresis was used to show results. Results: No cross-reactions have occurred between the primers. In 33.3% of water samples (tap water 25.9%, well water 50.0%, bottled waters 32.0%) E. coli was identified. None of the water samples contained Salmonella, Shigella bacteria and Giardia parasites. Although the standard bacteriological water analysis methods are completed in 24 – 48 hours and a single microorganism group is investigated, we completed analyses of four different bacteria in four hours by using quadruplex PCR technique. Conclusion: Our results showed that quadruplex PCR could be used in the microbiological analysis of water samples in the epidemic and other emergencies when you need to examine waters in hours. Also analyses have shown that not all water resources used as drinking water are safe. The relevant segments should be informed and more effective measures should be taken regarding the drinking water quality control that is closely related to community health.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83621390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Hazards and Health Problems Reported by Workers in a Sawmill in Uyo, Nigeria","authors":"O. Johnson, Q. M. Umoren","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20180615042801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20180615042801","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Sawmill workers in Nigeria are exposed to many workplace hazards and avoidable health problems. This study was carried out to determine the perceived hazards and health problems among workers in a sawmill in Uyo, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in February 2018 among workers in a sawmill in Uyo. Information obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire included work history, occupational hazards, health problems and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) among the wood workers. Data was analysed with IBM SPSS Statistic 20. Inferences were made using the chi square test. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Result: A total of 127 respondents participated in the study. The mean age of respondents was 35.14±11.38 years. Majority, 124 (97.6%) were males and 76 (59.8%) had completed secondary level of education. Majority, 92 (72.4%) worked for 8-10 hours daily and 54 (42.5%) had worked for > 10 years. Occupational hazards reported were dust, 94 (74.0%), noise 93 (73.2%), vibration 62(48.8%) and heat 60 (47.2%). Health problems included injuries 54 (42.5%), low back pain 52 (40.9%), cough 45 (35.4%) and eye irritations 34 (26.8%). Cough was significantly associated with number of work years (p","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"17-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91033729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RESPIRATORY FUNCTION OF SAWMILL WORKERS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO EXPOSURE TIME TO WOOD DUST SEEN IN NIGERIA","authors":"J. Omole, A. Fabunmi, C. Akosile","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20180403065108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20180403065108","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objective: Sawmill workers are exposed to considerable amounts of wood dust which may compromise their respiratory function. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of wood dust by comparing pulmonary parameters between workers in the sawmill industries and their aged-matched controls. In addition, to determine the relationship between the respiratory function of sawmill workers and their exposure time. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the south western part of Nigeria. A hundred and two non-smoking male workers were recruited from the sawmill industries while the same number made up the control group (non-smoking). The controls were comprised of members of staff and student of the University of Ibadan who had no history of wood dust exposure. All participants had no chest deformities. Selected lung function tests were performed using a spirometer. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests with alpha set at p","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"516 1","pages":"9-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77130529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patent leather shoes increase the frequency of tinea pedis","authors":"R. Oğur","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20160602112384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20160602112384","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patent leather shoes may prevent aeration of feet and thus causing tinea pedis, but there are no specific studies on this subject. We aimed to clarify whether patent leather shoes may increase the frequency of tinea pedis. Material and Methods: We studied military high school students receiving a diagnosis of tinea pedis before and after they began to wear patent leather shoes after a specific date retrospectively. We used medical records as data. Results: The prevalence of tinea pedis was 32.70% before patent leather shoes were used in school, increasing to 71.48% in the two years afterward. The 2.18-fold increase in the tinea pedis incidence without any change in the daily activities or the school environment of the students indicates that patent leather shoes may be a factor in tinea pedis development. Conclusion: Patent leather shoes, usually worn for aesthetic reasons, are not suitable for foot health as they have low air permeability and can increase the incidence of tinea pedis. Natural products should, therefore, be preferred for shoe production, as in many other areas, and consumers should be educated on this subject. Results indicate that the public and patients should be notified about patent leather shoes as well as the other preventive measures.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"93 1","pages":"25-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83871698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between community integration and life satisfaction among stroke survivors dwelling in rural communities of southwest, Nigeria","authors":"O. A. Olaoye, A. Adejumobi, Ayomide Olalekan Olasusi, Oluwaseyi Bosede Aladesuyi, A. I. Emechete","doi":"10.5455/jeos.20170416072212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jeos.20170416072212","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study assessed the relationship between community reintegration and life satisfaction of individuals who experienced cardiovascular accident in rural communities of southwest, Nigeria. Methods: Using a convenience sampling technique, 60 stroke survivors responded to this cross sectional survey yielding a response rate of 79%. A structured self-administered questionnaire on reintegration to normal living and life satisfaction after stroke was used to assess community reintegration and life satisfaction of respondent between the periods of January, 2015 and October, 2015. Procedure was explained to consented respondents and data were subsequently obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. P-value was set at ˂ 0.05. Results: The respondents were 35 males and 25 females with an overall mean age of 57.1±10.4 years and post stroke duration of 22.6±12.9 months. The mean reintegration to normal living index (RNLI) score of the respondents was 66.9±21.6 with over 55% of them having moderate to full community reintegration. The respondents had an overall life satisfaction score of 3.7±1.2. Less than 32% of the respondents were dissatisfied with life and this was observed to be marked in vocation (3.2±1.8) and sexual life (2.7±1.8) domains. Neither of the respondents’ socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were significantly association with each of reintegration to normal living index (except side of affectation) and satisfaction with life. However, there was a significant positive relationship between reintegration to normal living and life satisfaction of respondents (r=0.539, p=0.001). Conclusion: Stroke survivors dwelling in rural communities of southwest, Nigeria had low to moderate level of reintegration into everyday activities and were dissatisfied with life after stroke. Community integration after stroke was significantly associated by side of stroke affectation and significantly related to life satisfaction after stroke.","PeriodicalId":16086,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science","volume":"8 1 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83610260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}