Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Cover Crops and Winter Warming on Soil N2O Content and Surface Fluxes During Freeze-Thaw","authors":"S. Earl-Goulet,&nbsp;S. Brown,&nbsp;A. Gillespie,&nbsp;F. Rezanezhad,&nbsp;C. Wagner-Riddle","doi":"10.1029/2025JG008779","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JG008779","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Overwinter cover crops alter nitrogen dynamics and soil temperatures, potentially mitigating nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions during freeze-thaw (FT). Meanwhile, increasing winter temperatures can remove the insulating snow layer intensifying FT cycles and N₂O fluxes. Comparing the patterns of soil N₂O content against surface fluxes under different management and environmental conditions can improve the understanding of what mechanisms enhance N₂O fluxes at thaw. Soil profile (0–140 cm) N₂O gas concentrations and fluxes were measured from December to April in large-scale lysimeters with two dominant soils in Ontario, Canada (silt loam and loamy sand) over two years. The simultaneous heat and water model was used to simulate liquid water and ice content during freezing conditions, needed for total N₂O content estimations (i.e., aqueous + gaseous). During year 1, the peak soil N₂O content ranged from 23.6 to 79.0 mg N₂O m⁻², and two significant emissions events occurred (9.6–41 g N₂O-N ha⁻¹ d⁻¹). In year 2, no significant N₂O profile accumulation or emissions were observed due to warm winter conditions. Difference in soil physical conditions impacted the response of soil N₂O content to cover crops, with N₂O content decreasing by 42% in the loam soil and increasing 101% in sand. Intermittent heating caused colder soil conditions in year 1, increasing soil N₂O content in loam soil while reducing it in sand. Despite changes in soil N₂O content, the N₂O surface flux was not impacted, indicating that alternative nitrogen loss pathways are likely responsible for reducing N₂O content during FT events not surface fluxes.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Topographic Effects on Carbon and Water Fluxes Over Mountainous Areas","authors":"Jianjie Cao,&nbsp;Rong Wang,&nbsp;Jing M. Chen,&nbsp;Mengmiao Yang,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Cheng,&nbsp;Guofang Miao","doi":"10.1029/2025JG008878","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JG008878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relative to flat surfaces, mountain terrains modify solar radiation absorbed by vegetation on sloping surfaces, causing changes in mass and energy fluxes, including gross primary productivity (GPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). However, these changes are generally ignored in regional and global ecosystem models and their magnitudes have not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we first validated the Biosphere-atmosphere Exchange Process Simulator (BEPS) model against measured GPP and ET over mountainous sites, and then applied it to a mountainous region (Fujian Province, China). In BEPS, the topographic effects are systematically considered in the following steps: (1) the satellite-derived leaf area index (LAI) is projected to sloping surfaces, (2) canopy radiative transfer is modeled relative to the normal to the slope, and (3) the modeled fluxes are reprojected from sloping to horizontal surfaces. Step (1) decreases LAI as sloping surfaces are larger than the corresponding horizontal surfaces, but Step (3) increases fluxes in the opposite way. Because of the nonlinear relationships between fluxes and LAI, GPP and ET simulations without considering the topographic effects are always underestimated, especially on sunlit slopes. The underestimation increases with increasing slope, and for slopes greater than 40°, GPP is underestimated by 11% and ET by 33%, suggesting that existing global GPP and ET products could have been significantly underestimated in mountainous regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drifting Along: A Global Validation of Climatologies of Numerical Dispersal Over the Continental Shelf Using Trajectories From the Global Drifter Program","authors":"William G. Lush,&nbsp;James M. Pringle","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008708","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JG008708","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The distance over which planktonic larvae are dispersed and the variability within that dispersal distance are important for understanding gene flow and species persistence in the coastal ocean. The breadth of spatial and temporal scales that are important to dispersal in shelf seas makes direct observations difficult—instead, we often use numerical simulations of circulation to estimate the statistics of larval dispersal. However, meroplanktonic life histories are most common in coastal regions where drifter-based estimates of circulation are sparsely distributed, making validation of these numerical simulations quite difficult. We use a novel technique to validate climatological mean and standard deviation of dispersal distance at a global scale by drawing on the tens of thousands of sparsely distributed drifter observations on the shelf. Numerical dispersal estimates were made using Lagrangian particle trajectories calculated with circulation fields from a 1/12° global physical model and were validated against data from the Global Drifter Program (GDP), an international program that observes ocean circulation using drifters. The median dispersal distance of a climatological ensemble of numerical drifters released from a single location were found to match GDP drifter estimates quite well (with a mean deviation of 0.2%), whereas model estimates of dispersal were shown to underestimate the diffusivity of GDP drifters by 30%–50%. Our results indicate that although global numerical estimates of dispersal statistics provide a close approximation of median dispersal distance in the coastal ocean, these numerical simulations underestimate the overall variation in dispersal distance of drifters in the coastal ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variations in the Rate of Canopy Development and Senescence of Marsh Wetland Vegetation and Their Responses to Climate Change in China","authors":"Yiwen Liu,&nbsp;Mark Henderson,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhang,&nbsp;Xianguo Lu,&nbsp;Ming Jiang,&nbsp;Xiangjin Shen","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008728","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JG008728","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the changes in the rate of vegetation development and senescence of marsh wetlands and their responses to climate change is important for revealing the regional characteristics of biogeochemical and biophysical cycles. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and meteorological data from 2000 to 2020, we analyzed the spatiotemporal variations in the rate of vegetation development and senescence in the marshes of China and their responses to climatic change. We found that the national average rate of vegetation development increased significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in May and decreased in July. The rate of vegetation senescence slowed in September and accelerated in October. Increased preseason precipitation and temperature accelerated the rate of canopy development of marsh vegetation in May, but slowed down the rate of senescence in September. Regionally, in the Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China, and Inner Mongolia, warmer preseason nighttime temperatures had larger accelerating effects on promoting vegetation development than did daytime temperatures in May. Increasing preseason nighttime temperatures promoted marsh vegetation growth in August in the Tibetan Plateau, while increasing preseason precipitation slowed vegetation senescence in September in the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China. In Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, increasing preseason temperatures slowed senescence in September. The results indicate that precipitation and temperature have different influences on the rate of marsh vegetation development and senescence in different regions of China and imply that the asymmetric impacts of diurnal temperatures must be considered when modeling future marsh vegetation development and senescence rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signatures of Arctic Change: Molecular-Level Composition and Bioavailability of Shifting Dissolved Organic Matter Sources","authors":"A. E. Slentz,&nbsp;A. M. McKenna,&nbsp;A. M. Kellerman,&nbsp;A. D. Holt,&nbsp;A. J. Burns,&nbsp;M. G. Miller,&nbsp;S. Wagner,&nbsp;M. Tzortziou,&nbsp;H. Smith,&nbsp;A. Mannino,&nbsp;J. P. Chanton,&nbsp;R. G. M. Spencer","doi":"10.1029/2025JG008899","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JG008899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arctic is experiencing unprecedented rates of climate change, leading to numerous disturbances on the terrestrial landscape, including shrubification, increased frequency of wildfires, and permafrost thaw. These changes may impact the mobilization of terrestrial organic carbon into Arctic rivers and are hypothesized to lead to distinct alterations to the molecular composition and thus the reactivity of riverine dissolved organic matter (DOM). To understand how these three major perturbations may impact DOM dynamics in Arctic fluvial and coastal systems, we examined the concentration and bioavailability of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) together with the molecular-level DOM composition of different source endmember leachates from the Yukon River watershed using biodegradation incubation experiments and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). Simulated climate-related landscape perturbations generally led to increased leachate DOC concentrations. Incubations demonstrated that the biodegradability of leachate DOC was lowest for vegetation endmembers, particularly for shrubs (12.3% DOC loss), and highest for thawing Yedoma permafrost (64.9% loss) and organic-rich tundra soil (70.9% loss). FT-ICR MS highlighted that aliphatic and high-H/C molecular formulas were preferentially biodegraded, whereas condensed aromatic and polyphenolic compounds were relatively enriched post-biodegradation in all endmember leachates. Together these findings suggest that with continued climate change and landscape perturbation, larger amounts of less bioavailable DOC will be mobilized into Arctic rivers leading to higher relative amounts of highly aromatic, biologically stable DOM being exported into receiving ecosystems and the Arctic Ocean, potentially altering the rates and mechanisms of carbon turnover in the coastal zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vadose Zone Geochemical Heterogeneity Governs Vertical Microbial Assembly in Lakeshore Agricultural Lands","authors":"Zhiyuan Qiao,&nbsp;Yizhi Sheng,&nbsp;Guangcai Wang,&nbsp;Fu Liao,&nbsp;Hanxiao Wang,&nbsp;Yuqin Wang,&nbsp;Minyue Dou","doi":"10.1029/2025JG008815","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JG008815","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The vadose zone is an area spanning from the land surface down to the groundwater table, which serves as a critical carrier of nutrient cycling and enables occurrence of diverse biogeochemical processes. While studies have concentrated on the surface soils (&lt;1 m), a large knowledge gap remains regarding the response of the subsurface microbial community to vadose zone geochemical heterogeneity, particularly under long-term agricultural activities. In this study, 12 boreholes were drilled across two lakeshore agricultural landscapes (paddy and aquaculture) in the Poyang Lake area, China. Compared to aquaculture environments, paddy environments exhibited higher pH, lower moisture, more oxidizing conditions, greater dissolved organic nitrogen and lower dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Across both sites, nutrients (C, N, P, Fe), moisture, cation exchange capacity, and most cations generally declined logarithmically with depth. However, fluctuations were observed below the 2–3 m depth which was the middle layer within the entire vadose zone, with more pronounced variations at deeper layers of aquaculture site likely due to historical agricultural activities and groundwater fluctuation. Microbial diversity, nitrogen cycling potential and resilience to environmental changes decreased with depth until 2–3 m but subsequently increased, likely driven by nutrient availability and a lithological shift from clay to sand. The contributions of stochastic processes (e.g., dispersal limitation and drift) to microbial community assembly grew with depth, with the paddy site exhibiting a greater degree of stochastic assembly than the aquaculture site. This study enhances our understanding of the assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in the vadose zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Variability in the Radiocarbon Signature of Greenhouse Gases From Incubations of Thermokarst Lake Sediments Linked to Methane Production Rates and CH4:CO2 Ratios","authors":"Regina Gonzalez Moguel,&nbsp;Nagissa Mahmoudi,&nbsp;Peter M. J. Douglas","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008694","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JG008694","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermokarst lakes have the potential to contribute to permafrost climate feedbacks through large methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. However, it is not fully understood how the mobilization of aged carbon from permafrost contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) production in lake sediments. We carried out anaerobic incubations of thermokarst lake sediments to better understand the factors influencing CH₄ and CO₂ radiocarbon (¹⁴C) values. We observed an unexpectedly large variability of CO₂ and CH₄ radiocarbon values (Δ¹⁴C-GHG; −790 to +70‰) across incubation experiments. This variation is much greater than the ¹⁴C variation in bulk sediment organic matter (OM) (Δ¹⁴C-OM, −400 to −40‰) while Δ¹⁴CH₄ and Δ¹⁴CO₂ were close to each other and were strongly positively correlated. We observed much lower Δ¹⁴C-GHG when sediments were stored for a longer period (11 vs. 3 months) prior to incubation, likely because of a loss of young and labile dissolved organic carbon during storage. Δ¹⁴C values of both GHGs were strongly positively correlated with net CH₄ production rates and CH₄:CO₂ ratios, implying that when younger OM is decomposed, CH₄ production is faster, although net CO₂ production rates were not correlated with Δ¹⁴C-GHG. Δ¹⁴CH₄ was also negatively correlated with sediment OC:N ratios, suggesting that greater contributions of carbon-rich peat OM to sediments is associated with the respiration of older carbon. Our results indicate that Δ¹⁴C-GHG in thermokarst lake sediments is not strongly controlled by overall sediment Δ¹⁴C-OM, but is linked to the availability of labile younger C pools.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JG008694","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Response of Vegetation Productivity to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in Southeast Asia","authors":"Zhaohui Qian,&nbsp;Shiliang Chen,&nbsp;Xia Li,&nbsp;Shaoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Zhenhai Liu,&nbsp;Xuan Chen,&nbsp;Amrita Darjee","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008606","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JG008606","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a large-scale global climate pattern that significantly influences tropical vegetation productivity. However, the responses of vegetation productivity in Southeast Asia (SEA) to different ENSO phases remain unclear. In this study, we used multisource gross primary productivity (GPP) products and explainable machine learning method (SHAP) to assess the status of ENSO phases during 1981–2019 and their impact on vegetation productivity in SEA. Our results reveal that El Niño and La Niña have exhibited opposite trends over the past 40 years, with El Niño events decreasing in both frequency and intensity, while La Niña events have become more frequent since the 21st century. Precipitation and radiation showed distinct and opposing variation patterns across different ENSO phases, whereas temperature variations exhibited a regional pattern that differed from global trends. The average temperatures during both El Niño and La Niña were slightly lower than during the neutral phase. ENSO-induced climate anomalies affected vegetation productivity, resulting in a decrease in GPP of 72.3 ± 48.1 gC m⁻² yr⁻¹ during El Niño and an increase of 31.0 ± 44.4 gC m⁻² yr⁻¹ during La Niña. Based on SHAP analysis, we found that soil moisture was the primary driver of GPP during ENSO events, with a distinct threshold effect that dynamically shifted with water availability. Furthermore, terrestrial water storage (TWS) predominantly drove variations in atmospheric CO₂ growth rate during the land-atmosphere carbon exchange process, with its influence intensifying over time. This study highlights the critical importance of water stress in regulating the carbon cycle of tropical vegetation in SEA.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fuel Loads and Peat Smoldering Carbon Loss Increase Following Drainage in a Forested Boreal Peatland","authors":"G. J. Verkaik,&nbsp;M. G. K. Eckert,&nbsp;S. L. Wilkinson,&nbsp;P. A. Moore,&nbsp;J. M. Waddington","doi":"10.1029/2024JG008674","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JG008674","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We aimed to assess how peatland drainage altered the spatiotemporal variability in forest cover, aboveground biomass, and tree productivity and how these changes related to the spatial variability in peat burn severity. We studied a black spruce and birch dominated boreal peatland in Parkland County, Alberta, Canada, which was drained in 1987 and burned in 2021. Using remote sensing techniques (historical imagery and LiDAR), we determined that forest cover increased by 180% following drainage and aboveground tree biomass decreased from 26.1 kg m⁻² adjacent to the nearest drainage ditch to 2.8 kg m⁻² 95 m away from the nearest ditch. Field surveys and a LiDAR-based analysis were conducted to measure the spatial variability in peat burn severity. Drained peatland margins experienced the greatest peat burn severity with a mean depth of burn of 26.9 ± 12.6 cm (18.2 ± 10.1 kg C m⁻²) compared to natural middles at 15.3 ± 6.2 cm (3.9 ± 2.1 kg C m⁻²), where peat burn severity increased with proximity to ditches and greater aboveground biomass. We present a conceptual model outlining the increases in aboveground and peat fuel loads following drainage and suggest that the area around a ditch that is impacted by drainage, which is commonly assumed to be 30 m, likely increases through time in forested peatlands due to the afforestation feedback. Drained peatlands represent a severe fire risk for communities and fire management agencies. Peatland restoration should be integrated into fuel management strategies to reduce the risk that drained peatlands pose.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JG008674","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thrive or Wither: Exploring the Impacts of Multiyear Droughts on Vegetation","authors":"Denise Ruijsch,&nbsp;Jonna van Mourik,&nbsp;Hester Biemans,&nbsp;Sandra Margrit Hauswirth,&nbsp;Niko Wanders","doi":"10.1029/2025JG008992","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025JG008992","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiyear droughts (MYDs), droughts lasting over a year, can have devastating effects on vegetation. Due to climate change, MYDs are expected to become more frequent and intense, making it crucial to assess and understand their impact on vegetation. In this study, we used ERA5 reanalysis and MODIS remote sensing data to assess vegetation drought sensitivity and quantify the impact of MYDs on seven different vegetation types in specific regions worldwide. We first assessed drought sensitivity by calculating the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) anomaly across different drought timescales. Then, we evaluated the impact of MYDs and normal droughts (NDs) by averaging the EVI anomaly during their respective drought periods. Our analysis shows that croplands, urban areas, and shrublands are highly drought-sensitive, while grasslands and trees are less so. As anticipated, the overall impact of MYDs on vegetation was negative, but there were significant spatial and temporal variations, with some areas showing greening. In general, shrublands experienced the largest decrease in greenness, while needle-leaved trees flourished. Natural water availability was the primary factor influencing vegetation response to MYDs. Vegetation in water-limited areas tends to suffer during MYDs, whereas vegetation in energy-limited areas thrives as long as sufficient water is available. Compared to NDs, MYDs typically have a slightly more negative impact on vegetation. Overall, these findings show that there is no unidirectional vegetation response to MYDs and that local factors, like natural energy and water availability, play a vital role in quantifying the complex interplay between drought and its impacts on vegetation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16003,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JG008992","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}