Journal of energy storage最新文献

{"title":"State of charge estimation of lithium-ion batteries based on a combination of Convolutional Neural Networks and Temporal Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks","authors":"Zhiqiang Liu ,&nbsp;Chong Kuai ,&nbsp;Gang Wu ,&nbsp;Ashun Zang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Traditional methods cannot effectively address the nonlinear challenges in State of Charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicle(EV). The emerging Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (KAN) have demonstrated strong performance in handling nonlinearity and time series problems. However, the learnable spline functions in the KAN and the increased parameters contribute to a slower training speed. This study proposes a new neural network configuration combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Temporal Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks (TKAN) to solve these problems. This configuration not only enhances the estimation accuracy of the SOC for lithium-ion batteries but also accelerates the training speed. The proposed model outperforms CNN+(Gated Recurrent Units)GRU and CNN+(Long Short-Term Memory)LSTM with the same training strategy and hyperparameters across three metrics: RMSE, MAE and R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>. Additionally, the model demonstrates good robustness when the initial SOC is not 100%, further demonstrating the potentiality of KAN for SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries. The paper also discusses the impact of pooling layer configurations in the CNN on the performance of the model. Compared with a single TKAN, the proposed model not only enhances the training speed but also improves the accuracy. Furthermore, when comparing different pooling layer configurations, our model demonstrates greater suitability for practical SOC estimation of lithium-ion batteries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118629"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal calibration of Kalman filters for state of charge estimation of lithium-ion cells","authors":"Davide Previtali,&nbsp;Fabio Previdi","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>State Of Charge (SOC) estimation of lithium-ion cells is one of the core functionalities of any Battery Management System (BMS), the majority of which employ model-based algorithms such as the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). Equivalent-Circuit Models (ECMs) are commonly used in KF schemes due to their reasonable SOC estimation accuracy at a moderate computational cost. Kalman filters also require tuning the process and measurement noise covariances, which greatly affect the state of charge estimation performance and can lead to filter divergence if tuned incorrectly. To account for this, the noise covariances are typically calibrated through trial-and-error and updated automatically from data using an adaptive law that compensates for a poor tuning, giving rise to the Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter (AUKF). This paper aims to overtake the trial-and-error methodology and avoid the adaptive law entirely via a novel UKF design strategy that tackles two objectives: (i) SOC estimation accuracy, addressed by an optimal data-driven calibration procedure that maximizes the performance regardless of the KF initialization and working conditions, and (ii) computational efficiency, achieved by an ad hoc, BMS-oriented, model reduction strategy for ECMs. The performance of the proposed UKF design strategy is extensively validated on real lithium-ion cell data, comparing it to the state-of-the-art AUKF paradigm. Results show that the optimally-tuned UKF based on the reduced-order model can be more accurate than the AUKF calibrated via trial-and-error and equipped with the full-order model while also being computationally lighter, insensitive to initial conditions, and robust to model mismatch.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118753"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton-cooperated copper-ion storage in vanadium hexacyanoferrate cathode enables high-performance aqueous copper metal battery","authors":"Qiang Pang,&nbsp;Pengpeng Ma,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Xu,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang,&nbsp;Ruoxuan Ma,&nbsp;Fangyun Xin,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Mingming Xing,&nbsp;Yao Fu,&nbsp;Ying Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vanadium hexacyanoferrate (VHCF) has shown great application potential as a cathode material for multivalent-ion batteries due to its low cost, ease of synthesis, and high capacity. However, its electrochemical performance and mechanism in aqueous copper metal batteries (ACMBs) have not been explored. Herein, a nanosized VHCF was used as the cathode material for ACMBs, and the effects of adding H₂SO₄ to the electrolyte on the battery's electrochemical properties were systematically investigated. The VHCF||CuSO₄ + H₂SO₄||Cu battery exhibited higher energy density, power density, and cycling stability than the VHCF||CuSO₄||Cu battery. Specifically, the discharge capacity could reach 81.6 mAh g⁻¹ with an energy density of 55.6 Wh Kg⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹; the specific capacity remained at 48.7 mAh g⁻¹ after 2000 cycles with a capacity retention ratio of 63.8 %; the power density could reach 4213 W Kg⁻¹ at a current density of 5 A g⁻¹. This enhancement can be attributed to enhanced proton-cooperated copper ion storage and reaction kinetics in the VHCF cathode, along with improved reversibility of the copper anode. This work can offer new ideas for the design of electrode materials and electrolytes for ACMBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118813"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on charging characteristics of a latent heat thermal energy storage device integrated with finned helical coil and mechanical agitator","authors":"Yu Xu,&nbsp;Zhaohao Xu,&nbsp;Shaohuan Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous increase in the thermal load of avionics, traditional airborne heat sinks struggle to meet thermal management requirements. Using latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) for avionics thermal management shows great promise. However, the low thermal conductivity of most phase change materials (PCMs) severely restricts their charging and discharging rates. To address this issue, an enhanced LHTES device was developed by integrating a finned helical coil with a mechanical agitator. <em>n</em>-eicosane was selected as the PCM, and an ethylene glycol/water mixture (65/35 by volume) served as the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The effects of agitation speed (0–600 RPM), HTF inlet temperature (50–60 °C), and HTF flow rate (3.00–4.50 L/min) on device performance were investigated under two agitation strategies: delay-start (DS) and no-delay-start (NDS). Under the DS strategy, higher HTF flow rates and inlet temperatures led to higher PCM temperatures. At the same flow rate, faster agitation speeds increased PCM temperatures and accelerated equilibrium. Under the NDS strategy, latent heat transfer dominated in the first half of charging, with higher parameter values corresponding to lower PCM temperatures. In the second half, sensible heat transfer became dominant, reversing the trend. At HTF inlet temperatures of 50 °C and 55 °C, the NDS strategy provided significantly higher heat storage capacity than DS, with a maximum increase of 26.4 %. However, at 60 °C, the NDS strategy resulted in lower heat storage capacity, decreasing by up to 8.7 %. Additionally, the average heat storage power under the NDS strategy was consistently higher than that under the DS strategy, increasing by 37.7 %–90.7 %. This approach provides an innovative solution for enhancing the performance of LHTES devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118807"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shortening sulfur redox pathway via coupled LiO and CS bonds in LiS batteries","authors":"Yangjie Liang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Shao ,&nbsp;Shan Ji ,&nbsp;Xianguo Ma ,&nbsp;Xuyun Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Rongfang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “shuttle effect,” slow sulfur redox kinetics, and low utilization of active materials have become challenges that lithium‑sulfur (Li<img>S) batteries must currently address. To tackle these issues, this study employs 2-chloro-1,4-benzoquinone (MCBQ) as an electrolyte additive. MCBQ, with its carbonyl oxygen structure and halogen substituents, can react with polysulfides to form a cyclic insoluble organic sulfur intermediate that contains Li<img>O bonds and C<img>S bonds. During discharge, it alters the conversion pathway of sulfur species. Taking Li₂S₆ as an example, the original path “Li₂S₆ → Li₂S₄ → Li₂S₂ → Li₂S” is optimized into a new pathway “MCBQ- Li₂S₆ → MCBQ-2Li₂S₃ → MCBQ-2Li₂S” simplifying the route to enhance sulfur redox kinetic efficiency. Moreover, MCBQ also forms an organic-inorganic hybrid interfacial protective layer on the lithium anode side, effectively mitigating the corrosion of the lithium anode by polysulfides. The battery with the MCBQ additive maintains a Coulombic efficiency of 100 % at a current density of 0.2C, with an initial discharge capacity reaching 812 mAh g⁻¹; even after 120 cycles, the capacity decay rate per cycle is only 0.42 %. The introduction of MCBQ not only accelerates sulfur redox kinetics but also enhances the utilization of active materials and overall battery stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118506"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into the physical properties of Mg2TiH6 hydride double perovskite for solid-state hydrogen storage applications: A first-principles calculations","authors":"Y. Selmani ,&nbsp;A. Jabar ,&nbsp;L. Bahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex metal hydrides are promising candidates for hydrogen storage due to their exceptional hydrogen storage capacity. This study presents the first investigation of the Mg₂TiH₆ hydride to evaluate its potential for hydrogen storage. Using density functional theory (DFT), a detailed computational analysis is conducted to explore its structural, mechanical, electronic, and hydrogen storage properties. The thermodynamic stability of the cubic double perovskite Mg₂TiH₆ is evidenced by its negative formation energy, while mechanical stability is confirmed by elastic constants that satisfy Born's criteria. The calculated Cauchy pressure and Pugh's ratio further reveal its brittle nature. Regarding hydrogen storage capability, Mg₂TiH₆ demonstrates an excellent hydrogen capacity of approximately 5.90 wt%, aligning with the targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy (US-DOE). The hydrogen desorption temperature, derived from thermodynamic calculations, is approximately 630 K, indicating that hydrogen release from this compound requires moderately high thermal energy. Electronic structure analysis shows metallic character, implying high electrical conductivity. These findings position Mg₂TiH₆ material as a strong candidate for future hydrogen storage technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118812"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of the art on the sustainability of lithium-ion batteries for electric mobility","authors":"Morgane Gillet ,&nbsp;Hugo Helbling ,&nbsp;Ali Sari","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The massive electrification of vehicles is a key point in the energy transition. This shift leads to various challenges, especially regarding lithium-ion batteries, as they can cause several environmental and socioeconomic impacts throughout their lifecycle. Therefore, it is essential to assess these effects in order to reduce them. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the literature regarding lithium-ion batteries sustainability (ecological, social and economic aspects) in the context of electric mobility. This paper highlights the growing number of published Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) addressing environmental impacts, while emphasizing the need for methodological harmonization at multiple levels, particularly in LCA tools and methods, as well as in the battery life cycle models considered. The lack of transparent and accessible data has been also highlighted. In the case of Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA), evaluating social impacts, a significant lack of studies and data have been noted. Moreover, this methodology requires further clarification and development. Life Cycle Costing (LCC), assessing economic impacts, rarely covers the entire life cycle of batteries, and its framework needs to be defined more clearly. Finally, sustainability studies, combining the three previous concepts, are rare, and the methodological frameworks and links between the three sustainability dimensions need to be clarified. This work explicitly identifies the obstacles and levers for accurately assessing the sustainability of lithium-ion batteries. In particular, recommendations are made on three major points. Firstly, the harmonization of assessment methodologies. Secondly, the need for interdisciplinary contributions to develop robust LCA models, illustrated by the example of the electrical engineering community, which can contribute to the integration of behavioural and aging models, usage scenarios, as well as account for the diversity of battery technologies. Thirdly, recommendations are made to support the development of more robust data and models, through open-science or the development of a secure data-sharing framework. Finally, all the data extracted from our study are open access.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118631"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145271369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomass derived ultrathin nanofiber separator for regulating homogeneous Zn2+ flux and achieving dendrite-free aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Jianyu Chen ,&nbsp;Xudong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhaoci Guo ,&nbsp;Ning Yi ,&nbsp;Qian He ,&nbsp;Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanwen Ma ,&nbsp;Jin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The practical application of aqueous zinc (Zn)-ion batteries (AZIBs) is significantly hindered by the non-uniform deposition of Zn and the associated dendrite growth. In this study, a cost-effective, lightweight, and mechanically robust Xuan paper (XP), as a traditional biomass material, is employed as an ultrathin nanofiber separator for AZIBs. Composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, the nanofibers in XP are rich in polar -OH groups and abundant pores, which can effectively regulate Zn²⁺ flux and promote uniform Zn deposition. This regulation contributes to enhanced electrochemical performance of the AZIBs. As a result, Zn symmetric cells equipped with the XP separator exhibit long-term cycling stability of up to 4000 h at 0.2 mA cm⁻² and 0.2 mAh cm⁻², which significantly outperforming cells using conventional glass fiber separators. Moreover, the Zn|XP|V₂O₅ full cell delivers a high specific capacity of 168 mAh g⁻¹ and outstanding cycling durability, retaining 89.7 % of its capacity after 1400 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. This study presents a simple and effective strategy for designing XP derived ultrathin nanofiber separators with high ionic conductivity and functional regulation capability, offering a promising approach to controlling Zn deposition and enabling the development of high-performance AZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118820"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brick-mortar structured MXene/Chitosan/SiO2@n-eicosane flexible composite film for solar-powered wearable body heat management","authors":"Jingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xueling Zhao ,&nbsp;Duoyi Mei ,&nbsp;Jiayi Zhou ,&nbsp;Pinda Li ,&nbsp;Lifei Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Huaqing Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic phase change materials are widely used in solar energy utilization and thermal management due to their better phase change properties. However, their practical applications are limited by leakage, low thermal conductivity coefficients, and rigidity, so their use in thermal management of wearable devices continues to face major challenges. Therefore, in this paper, a one-step vacuum-assisted filtration method using SiO₂@n-eicosane phase change capsule (PCC) as “brick”, MXene nanosheets as “sand”, and chitosan (CS) as “cement” was used to prepare MXene/Chitosan/SiO₂@n-eicosane (MCP) composite films with temperature regulation. The structural design effectively improves the flexibility and stability of the film. The microcapsule encapsulation of the phase change material effectively prevented the possibility of eicosane leakage, and the synthetic composite films have high phase change enthalpy (73.48 J/g). In addition, due to the incorporation of MXene, the composite film has a high photothermal conversion efficiency (93.2 %). At low temperatures, the composite film can significantly increase the surface temperature of fabrics by 18.5 ± 0.5 °C, higher than that of uncoated fabrics. The composite film shows significant temperature control effect and good thermal management capability. In summary, the MCP films, with their simple preparation process and excellent performance, show great potential for application in low-temperature and solar-driven thermal management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118803"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and optimization of a dendritic channel cold plate with corrugated walls in battery thermal management system","authors":"Zhenwei Liu,&nbsp;Shoutong Ji,&nbsp;Feng Cao,&nbsp;Ping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.est.2025.118776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel cold plate featuring bilateral mirrored Y-shaped dendritic channels is developed to optimize coolant distribution for efficient thermal management of square batteries. Based on structural optimization, the dendritic channel design is further combined innovatively with targeted curved protrusions to enhance the comprehensive thermal performance. A new thermogravimetric coefficient <em>f</em>_TGC is introduced to evaluate battery thermal performance, integrating the maximum temperature and temperature difference. The coupling effects of coolant type, channel shape, insulation layer, bifurcation position, and corrugated wall configuration are studied to optimize comprehensive performance. The results show that the thermal efficiency of the cold plate with Y-shaped dendritic channels is improved by more than 6 %, and the battery <em>f</em>_TGC is improved by 7.18 % compared to parallel channels. Compared to serpentine channels, Y-shaped dendritic channels reduce pressure drops from 749.45 Pa and 1722.06 Pa to 145.36 Pa and 322.16 Pa, achieving a reduction of more than 80 %. The insulation layer reduces battery temperature difference by 5.66 °C, and the nanofluid reduces pressure drop by about 53 % and increases the battery <em>f</em>_TGC by about 13 %. The corrugated wall dendritic channel cold plate, prepared by arranging curved protrusions, can further increase the battery <em>f</em>_TGC by about 3.66 %. In general, the dendritic channel cold plate with optimized bifurcated position and corrugated walls exhibits low losses and high cooling efficiency, and provides improved battery temperature uniformity and comprehensive thermal performance, maintaining battery temperature within 37.97 °C and temperature difference within 2.64 °C during 3C discharge. The strategy of multi-structure coupling optimization to enhance heat transfer introduces a new perspective to cold plate design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15942,"journal":{"name":"Journal of energy storage","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 118776"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}