Journal of Horticulture最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient Content of Cabbage and Lettuce Microgreens Grown on Vermicompost and Hydroponic Growing Pads","authors":"C. Weber","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000190","url":null,"abstract":"Current food systems, the collective processes involved in food production, distribution and consumption, create a dichotomous problem of nutritional excess and insufficiency and are not environmentally sustainable. One specific nutritional problem that needs attention is mineral (e.g., Fe, Zn) malnutrition, which impacts over two-thirds of the World’s people living in countries of every economic status. Microgreens, the edible cotelydons of many vegetables, flowers, and herbs, is a newly emerging crop that is potentially a dense source of minerals that can be sustainably produced in almost any locale. In this study, the nutrient contents of lettuce and cabbage microgreens grown hydroponically (HP) and on vermicompost (C) were assessed and compared to each other as well as to the nutrient contents of store-bought cabbage and lettuce (mature vegetables). Of the 10 nutrients examined (P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Zn, Fe, Na), C cabbage microgreens had significantly larger quantities of all nutrients than HP cabbage microgreens (p-values <0.00321) with the exception of P; C lettuce microgreens had significantly larger quantities of all nutrients than HP lettuce microgreens (p-values <0.024) except for P, Mg and Cu. Compared to the mature vegetable, C or HP cabbage microgreens had significantly larger quantities of all nutrients examined (p-values <0.001) and C or HP lettuce microgreens had significantly larger quantities of all nutrients except for Ca and Na (p-values <0.0012). Results of this study indicate that microgreens grown on vermicompost have greater nutrient contents than those grown hydroponically. As microgreens can be grown easily in one’s home using the methods used in this study, they may provide a means for consumer access to larger quantities of nutrients per gram plant biomass relative to store-bought mature vegetables, which had lower nutrient contents than microgreens with respect to most nutrients examined.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77559440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey and Pathogenicity of Black Spot Disease of Rose in Pakistan","authors":"Nasim Ahmad Yasin, Shakil Ahmed, Waheed Ullah Khan, Yaseen Ashraf","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000189","url":null,"abstract":"Black spot disease has become a serious constraint for successful cultivation of rose crop in Pakistan and rest of the world. The current research was conducted to identify the causal pathogen and respective disease severity in 4 districts of province Punjab, Pakistan. The most prominent symptoms of disease included formation of purple to black spot (5-15 mm) with/without yellow margins especially on older leaves. Mortality of infected plants was also observed in severely infected plants. It was observed that Diplocarpon rosae was the casual organism of this disease. The greenhouse experiment revealed variation in pathogenicity of different pathogenic strains.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"42 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80891192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of External Ethylene on Laccase and Antioxidant Enzymes Activity,and Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Potted Miniature Rose cv.Sanaz-e-Zard","authors":"A. Ranjbar, N. Ahmadi","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000188","url":null,"abstract":"In order to study the effect of external ethylene on postharvest display and activity of some senescence-related enzymes in potted miniature roses, this experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, using three treatment levels with three replications. In glass chambers, potted miniature rose plants were exposed to ethylene concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 μL L-1 for 12 h. The results of study showed that the application of ethylene affected morphological and physiological properties and activity of antioxidant enzymes, as well as laccase enzyme in treated plants. Stress of ethylene in miniature roses caused to increase the percentage of leaf abscission and laccase enzyme activity. Studying defensive mechanism by measuring antioxidant enzymes showed that after using stress of ethylene activity of peroxidase enzyme was gradually decreased. Ethylene concentration of 10 μL L-1 caused to increase activity of peroxidase enzyme in primary days after exposing to ethylene stress but enzyme activity was gradually decreased till the final days. In other side, increasing peroxidation rate of membrane lipids under ethylene stress condition shows plant inability to eliminate or balance oxygen free radicals. Activity of laccase in stressed plants was increased significantly during time, concomitant with decreasing chlorophyll and proline content.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80059082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological, Thermal and Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Squash (Cucurbita maxima) and Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)","authors":"L. Yin, Changling Wang","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000187","url":null,"abstract":"The properties of starches isolated from two squash cultivars (Cucurbita maxima) were studied and compared with those of two pumpkin cultivars (Cucurbita moschata) and one normal potato cultivar. The amylose content of pumpkin and squash starches ranged from 16.18% to 21.29%. The pumpkin and squash starches appeared as a mixture of spherical, polyhedral and dome shaped granules. The pumpkin and squash starch pastes had pasting temperature of 63.3°C-70.9C. The enthalpy of gelatinization of starches from pumpkin and squash range from 9.73 J/g-13.58 J/g. The pumpkin and squash starches exhibited the B-type X-ray diffraction pattern. The swelling power and solubility of squash starch increased with the rise of temperature, which were lower than potato starch. The hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of squash starch were lower than potato starch, while the cohesiveness and recoverability of squash starch was higher than potato starch.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82429770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro Screening of Salt Tolerent Genotypes in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)","authors":"R. Rashed, M. Roy, S. K. Paul, M. Haque","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000186","url":null,"abstract":"Soil salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress that limit crop production. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is moderately tolerant to salinity and is typically cultivated in regions that are exposed to soil salinization. The aim of the study was to characterize phenotype response to salt stress under in vitro conditions of fourteen tomato genotypes. The shortest root length was observed entries BD-7260 at 250 mM. Longer roots (11.6 cm) were developed by the plants from the solutions containing 50 mM NaCl in entries BD-7302. NaCl concentration in the medium significantly affected the root length and plant weight of tomato. Genotypic distribution of weight LS means revealed that genotypes BARI-2 and the Line BD-7292 is the highest performed and the Line BD-7762 is the lowest performed. These findings indicated some salt tolerant tomato genotypes which will be promising for future hybridization program. Analysis of novel genes as well as some previously identified genes such as PIPs, LTPs, AGPs, PRPs, GRPs etc. which showed protective roles in different abiotic stresses to other crops is quiet necessary and the presence and expression pattern of those genes in these screened genotypes of tomato will provide powerful information for over-expression of those genes in transgenic plants those will confer salt tolerances to the cultivated tomato varieties.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89342919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Nitrogen and Azotobacter in Growth and Development of Chilly","authors":"Dipendra K. Aryal","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000185","url":null,"abstract":"Inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity. It may cause deterioration of soil environment leading to low productivity. An investigation was carried out to develop integrated nutrient management technology for fruit yield of Chilly (Capsicum frutescens L.). The experiment was conducted at IAAS farm, Lamjung in 2014. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications and having nine treatments viz., N1A1, N1A2, N1A3, N2A1, N2A2, N2A3, N3A1, N3A2 and N3A3. The combinations of nitrogen and Azotobacter is indicated by N & A with respective way of treatments where N1, N2 and N3 indicate Control (without addition of extra nitrogen), 50 kg/ha and 100 kg/ha nitrogen respectively and A1, A2 and A3 indicate control (without inoculation of Azotobacter), soil inoculation and seedling inoculation respectively. The best combination for the overall growth and development of Chilly as found from the conclusions was found to be N3A3 which is the treatment combination of 100 kg/ha nitrogen and seedling inoculation of Azotobacter.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"67 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81459675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Kaolin Clay as an Alternative Management Tactic for Japanese Beetle Feeding Damage in Grape Vineyards","authors":"R. M. Maier, R. Williamson","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000184","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an exotic, introduced Scarab that has become one of the most widespread and destructive insect pest of turf, landscapes and nursery crops in the eastern United States. It also damages various fruit, garden and field crops. Evaluation of certain conventional and non-conventional control agents in a Wisconsin vineyard revealed that bifenthrin, a fourth generation synthetic pyrethroid, provided the greatest Japanese beetle adult control in choice and no-choice feeding bioassays. Bacillus thuringiensis gallariae (Btg) was also effective in both bioassays. However, Btg residual activity was relatively limited; its performance decreased five days after treatment. Kaolin clay provided effective Japanese beetle adult management via consistent adult feeding damage mitigation in both study years. Field tests showed that various application Kaolin clay rates were effective in minimizing feeding damage by Japanese beetle adults, and no adverse effects were observed on several important fruit quality characteristics such as sugar content (Brix), acidity, number of fruit produced per plant and fruit weight. Kaolin clay is an alternative, non-insecticide management tactic that can be employed by grape growers to minimize feeding damage by Japanese beetle adults and reduce the amount of conventional insecticide input needed to maintain grape quality.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"50 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79949636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the Pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) Actin-depolymerizing Factor PuADF During Fruit Ripening","authors":"Hui Yuan, Zhongyu Jiang, Lichao Zhang, Pengtao Yue, Aide Wang","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000183","url":null,"abstract":"The polymerization or depolymerization of the cytoskeleton is very important in various aspects of plant development. ADF (actin-depolymerizing factor) is a typical actin binding protein that can mediate the polymerization or depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton, but its role in fruit ripening remains unclear. Here, we characterized an ADF gene, PuADF. The expression of PuADF was evaluated in young leaves, stems, flowers, and roots as well as in fruits. The expression of PuADF was induced by ethephon treatment but inhibited by 1-MCP treatment. To explore the network of PuADF function in ‘Nanguo’ pear fruits ripening, we screened a cDNA library from ‘Nanguo’ pear fruits using PuADF as bait. Two potential interactors of PuADF were identified, PuAS (Asparagine Synthetase) and PuDAD1 (Defender Against Death 1), both of which have been associated with PCD (Programmed Cell Death). This direct interaction was further confirmed by yeast two-hybrid analyses. The expression levels of PuAS and PuDAD1 were affected by ethylene. Our results indicated that PuADF is involved in ethylene-mediated fruit ripening and might be related to PCD during fruit ripening. The possible mechanisms are discussed.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79045274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping of Selected Kenyan Passiflora edulis Varieties and Their Hybrids Based on Quantitative Morpho-agronomic Traits","authors":"F. Matheri, D. Nyamai, M. Ngugi, S. Runo, Njuguna Jk, M. Mwangi, D. Kirubi","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000181","url":null,"abstract":"The passion fruit was introduced to Kenya through Europe in the 1920s, and only gained significant economic importance in the 1990s. Several species of the genus Passiflora present potential superior characteristics for genetic breeding of the passion fruit germplasm. Quantitative morpho-agronomic traits are important in passion fruit breeding since they allow for discrimination of varieties for important parameters that are useful in selection of fruit for market. The present study aimed at evaluating existing phenotypic variation between the Purple and Brazil varieties as well as their hybrids, developed by the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO). Seven quantitative morpho-agronomic traits were targeted with replication per plant and variety. Principal component technique and cluster analysis statistical tools of Minitab 17.0 software were used to discriminate the accessions under study based on the morpho-agronomic traits. Both the dendrogram and scatter plot clustered accessions based on their respective varieties, an indication of phenotypic relatedness within varieties. The results of this study will supplement the current body of knowledge on Kenyan passion fruit breeding.","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76971601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De novo Transcriptome Sequencing of Cold-treated Kentucky Bluegrass(Poa pratensis) and Analysis of the Genes Involved in Cold Tolerance","authors":"Lichao Zhang, J. Ren, T. Li, Aide Wang, D. Tan","doi":"10.4172/2376-0354.1000182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2376-0354.1000182","url":null,"abstract":"Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) is strongly resistant to cold stress. Although the molecular mechanism of the plant response to cold stress has been widely documented in model plants, little is known about the cold tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass at the genomic level. Here, we compared the transcriptomes of Kentucky bluegrass under cold treatment (-5°C) and a control treatment (at 20°C) by RNA-seq and de novo assembly. Totally 75,934 unigenes were generated, among which 53,762 were successfully annotated in public databases. Upon comparing the transcriptomes of the control and cold-treated plants, 3,896 unigenes were identified as differentially expressed. Among these genes, 2,410 were down-regulated and 1,486 were up-regulated in the cold-treated plants. A few previously reported cold-induced proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and osmoregulation proteins were identified, and their expression levels were estimated. Moreover, ten differentially expressed genes were selected for qRT-PCR verification. Their expression patterns were consistent with the results of the RNA-seq. Additionally, the transcription factor families, i.e., ethylene response factors, heat stress transcription factors, NAC proteins, WRKY domaincontaining proteins, and auxin response factors, were identified as differentially expressed genes. The identification of these involved genes will facilitate studies on the transcriptional regulation of cold tolerance in plants. Keywords: Kentucky bluegrass; Cold tolerance; Transcriptome; Differentially expressed genes; Transcriptional regulation Introduction Cold stress, such as chilling and freezing temperatures, is a major environmental factor that influences plant distribution, growth and development [1]. A few plants cope with cold stress by acquiring cold tolerance, a process termed cold acclimation. During this process, various biochemical and physiological changes occur and make the plant more tolerant under chilling or freezing conditions [2]. Cold acclimation involves the signal transduction of various genes responding to cold stress, transcriptional regulation and posttranslational regulation of transcription factors [1]. The induction of cold responsive (COR) genes have been shown to result in cold acclimation for alfalfa [3]. Many transcription factors involved in cold tolerance have been identified [4]. C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), also known as dehydration-responsive element-binding (DREB) proteins, are a group of transcription factors that are well-studied in plant cold stress. CBFs can bind to the promoters of COR genes and activate their expression [1]. The ectopic expression of CBF1 activates the expression of COR and induces cold tolerance in Arabidopsis [5]. Regulators upstream of CBF have also been identified, including ICE1, MYB15, CAMTA and HOS1 [1,6-8]. Although considerable studies have documented the molecular mechanism of plant cold tolerance, deep studies are necessary to highlight the transcriptional regul","PeriodicalId":15920,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture","volume":"221 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89131953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}