{"title":"Payment cost minimization using Lagrangian relaxation and modified surrogate optimization approach","authors":"Mikhail A. Bragin, Xu Han, P. Luh, Joseph H. Yan","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039191","url":null,"abstract":"In the Payment Cost Minimization (PCM) mechanism [4] payment costs are minimized directly, thus the payment costs that results from selected offers can be significantly reduced compared to the costs obtained by minimizing total bid costs. The PCM can be solved efficiently using standard LP software packages (e.g., CPLEX) only for a limited number of offers. Lagrangian relaxation (LR) has been a powerful technique to solve discrete and mixed-integer optimization problems. For complex problems, such as the PCM, the surrogate subgradient method is frequently used within Lagrangian relaxation approach to update multipliers (e.g., [6], [4]). In the surrogate subgradient approach a proper direction is obtained without fully minimizing the relaxed problem. This paper presents a modified Lagrangian relaxation and the surrogate optimization approach for obtaining a good feasible solution within a reasonable CPU time. The difficulty of the standard surrogate optimization method primarily arises due to the lack of prior knowledge about the optimal dual value, which is used in the definition of a step size. In order to overcome this difficulty, a new method is proposed. The main purpose of the modified surrogate subgradient approach is to obtain a “good” direction quickly and independently of the optimal dual value at each iteration. In this paper it is achieved by introducing a formula for updating the multipliers such that the exact minimization of the Lagrangian leads to a convergent result. Then an approximate formula for updating the multipliers is developed so that the exact optimization of the Lagrangian leads to a convergent result under certain optimality conditions. Lastly, the notion of the surrogate subgradient is used for ensuring the convergence within the reasonable CPU time. An analogue of the surrogate subgradient condition guarantees the convergence on the surrogate subgradient method. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the method's effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129009899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Common Information Model (CIM) in Electricity Market at California ISO","authors":"E. Haq, D. Haller, K. A. Rahman, B. Iverson","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039707","url":null,"abstract":"The California Independent System Operator Corporation (CAISO) is in charge of managing the electricity flow along California's open-market wholesale power grid. The CAISO implemented a nodal LMP Electricity Market based on the full network model and upgraded its infrastructure with new state of the art technology in 2009. The implementation of the new market system utilized the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and enterprise service bus-based technology to integrate many of the CAISO systems to assure grid reliability and efficient and economic operation of the electricity market. The CAISO systems are acquired from different application vendors and this created an integration challenge. This paper summarizes how CAISO leverages IEC TC57 Common Information Model (CIM) for the network models and enterprise wide messaging in integrating different applications from different vendors. The paper will also outline how CAISO created CIM extensions for different market and grid applications and network models used by CAISO.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124655283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved coherency-based wide-band equivalents for real time digital simulators","authors":"Yuefeng Liang","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6038933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6038933","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an approach which enables very large power systems to be modeled on real time electromagnetic transients (EMT) digital simulators. This is achieved using an improved wide-band multi-port equivalent, which reduces a large power network into a small manageable equivalent model that preserves wideband behaviors. The low frequency or electromechanical transients are captured with a Transient Stability Analysis (TSA) type electromechanical equivalent derived using coherency based reduction techniques. The high frequency behavior is accurately captured by placing in parallel with the TSA equivalent, a passive Frequency Dependant Network Equivalent (FDNE). The validity of the proposed technique is demonstrated by comparing the approach with detailed electromagnetic simulations of a modified version of the New England 39 Bus Test System that includes an HVDC infeed. The power of the method is demonstrated by the real-time electromagnetic transient simulation of a large 2300 bus 139 generator system.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130341799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of seasonal wind speed and wind power density distribution in Aimangala wind form at Chitradurga Karnataka using two parameter weibull distribution function","authors":"B. G. Kumaraswamy, B. K. Keshavan, Y. Ravikiran","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039587","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling of wind speed variation is an essential requirement in the estimation of wind energy potential for a typical site. In this paper, the average wind from April 2007 to March 2008 in Aimangala at central dry zone part of Karnataka, India have been statistically analyzed to determine wind energy potential for electrical power generation by grouping the seasonal observations. We show that the wind speed distribution is represented by the typical two parameter weibull function for prediction of wind energy out put required for preliminary design and assessment of wind power plant. The shape and scale parameters of weibull function have been estimated seasonal basis to calculate the average wind speed and wind power density for the Aimangala station. The maximum power density was found to be 829.73 W/m2 in monsoon season and the minimum power density was found to be 186.15 W/m2 in winter season. The Weibull function using Weibull parameter estimated in this paper shown to provide more accurate prediction of average wind speed and average power density for the selected station. The seasonal variation of wind speed and wind density studied in this paper is useful to ensure optimum selection of wind turbine generator","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130560766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An open source platform for collaborating on smart grid research","authors":"R. Dugan, T. Mcdermott","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039829","url":null,"abstract":"An open-source distribution system simulator has been developed for distributed resource planning, harmonic studies, neutral-earth voltage studies, volt-var control studies, and other special applications. The software includes several means of interfacing user code, including compiled dynamic link library, COM automation, and text scripting. Co-simulation interfaces are under development for interfacing with proprietary vendor-supplied models, and communication system overlays. The simulator, called OpenDSS, has been used to conduct several smart grid research projects, including advanced automation, electric vehicle penetration, state estimation, and green circuits. The software architecture and solution methods are described, in the effort to foster more collaborative research.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129075379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact of demand response on distribution system reliability","authors":"S. Mohagheghi, Fang Yang, B. Falahati","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039365","url":null,"abstract":"Demand response (DR) is a market driven and sometimes semi-emergency action performed at the utility level or at the Demand Response Service Provider (aggregator) with the objective of reducing the overall demand of the system during peak load hours. If implemented successfully, DR helps postpone the capacity expansion projects related to the distribution network, and provides a collaborative framework for the liberalized energy market of the Smart Grid. Customers subscribed to the DR program are requested to reduce their demand or turn off one or more energy consuming appliances in exchange for financial incentives such as extra payments or discounted electricity rates. This would change the concept of distribution system reliability as is traditionally known. From one hand, DR could lead to a higher amount of unserved energy; on the other hand, it does not qualify as an unwanted lost load. This paper tries to provide a qualitative analysis on the impact of demand response on distribution system reliability.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129114999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supporting wind generation deployment with demand response","authors":"Anupama Kowli, Sean P. Meyn","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039780","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we investigate how the demand-side of the electricity industry can provide a potential solution for the reliable integration of wind generation resources into power system operations. More specifically, we investigate how the consumers enrolled in demand response (DR) programs mechanisms which induce changes in load consumption through incentives or prices can provide a valuable demand-side reserve capacity which can help manage the unexpected deviations of actual wind generation from its forecast value. We also study how a levelized load profile can help accommodate wind generation on the system. Our analysis is based on a stochastic unit commitment model that explicitly represents the uncertainty in the day-ahead scheduling decisions using a two-stage stochastic program with recourse actions. We extend the standard formulation of this program to accommodate the outcomes the DR programs. Simulation results provide a proof of concept that DR-based reserve capacity is an effective mechanism to counter the volatility and uncertainty of wind resources. Also, studies indicate that load leveling can prove beneficial for systems with wind generation. Finally, our analysis raises some policy-related questions on the best possible ways to integrate wind generation into system operations and the risks that lie in wind integration without adequate backup from the demand-side.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130663260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smart distribution system research in EPRI's Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative","authors":"M. Wakefield","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039386","url":null,"abstract":"EPRI's Smart Grid Demonstration Initiative is focused on collaborating with electric utilities around the world and helping to advance the industry in regards to integrating Distributed Energy Resources (DER). An important aspect of these demonstration projects is the evolution of a smart distribution systems making integration of DER possible. A wide variety of factors play into every electric utilities strategy on deploying smart grid technologies including regulatory environment, age and functionality of existing assets, communication infrastructure, geography, reliability, cost to implement, and associated benefits. What appears to be a common technology implementation is actually very unique from one utility to the next and is therefore very important that the industry shares knowledge and lessons learned to help advance the industry. This paper provides several examples of integration approaches and early project results along with information on how to keep aware of the project status through 2014.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123950344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analysis of a partially decentralized framework for operating future power systems","authors":"Mingyang Li, P. Luh, E. Litvinov, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6038971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6038971","url":null,"abstract":"In future power systems, the Smart Grid technologies will bring in a large number of new entities, which are different from those in the current systems in two major aspects: first, the entities are geographically distributed throughout the system with their detailed information not available to the system operator, and second, the entities tend to autonomously optimize their own benefits. In view of both aspects, it is difficult to use the current centralized framework to operate future systems. In this paper, we present and analyze a new partially decentralized framework and the corresponding mechanisms as one step from the current framework toward the future ones, and the focus is on the real time electricity markets with a dispatch cycle of five minutes. In each dispatch cycle, the system operator posts electricity price forecasts, and individual entities actively respond to the prices to dispatch themselves. The system-wide power imbalance is used as a correction term in the next dispatch cycle to iteratively update the price forecasts, so that system balance is maintained in the long term. The new framework can accommodate the large number of entities without knowing their detailed information, and enable the entities to achieve better economic benefits. Small examples are used to analyze our framework and to compare it with the current one.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123966855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tradeoffs in planning renewable power generation entry to the electricity market","authors":"K. Hasan, T. Saha, M. Eghbal","doi":"10.1109/PES.2011.6039160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.6039160","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable intensive bulk power system planning and operation considerations are getting high importance due to huge pressure imposed by environment-friendly policies and uncertainties in the fossil-fuel based investments. This paper addresses a number of influential economic and reliability issues for renewable generation entry to a deregulated electricity market. Geothermal power penetration, wind intermittency, load volatility, price variation and dynamic bidding are considered here in the optimal power flow simulation. A modified IEEE-RTS is simulated, through MATPOWER/MATLAB and CRUSE software, while considering the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) data for generation technologies and costs. Locational marginal prices, system minutes and Expected Energy Not Supplied (EENS) are presented here considering gas, wind, geothermal and geothermal/wind generation-mix. The simulation results confirm high potential of geothermal power as a new generation entry to the Australian NEM.","PeriodicalId":159104,"journal":{"name":"2011 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}